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28 results for “Calidris”
Data from: Evaluating staging habitat quality to advance the conservation of a declining migratory shorebird, Red Knot Calidris canutus
<p>Identifying where and when population "bottlenecks" occur is critical to the conservation of migratory species, many of which are declining precipitously worldwide. Especially challenging is the evaluation of changes to staging sites. These sites are indispensable links in the migratory cycle but are typically used only briefly.</p> <p>We devised a field-based approach to assess the quality and carrying capacity of a critical staging site in Nanpu, China, for the declining, migratory Red Knot (Calidris canutus rogersi & C. c. piersmai) during northward migration. The Nanpu tidal flat supports 50,000-100,000 Red Knots annually, and while there, the knots feed almost exclusively on the bivalve Potamocorbula laevis. We simultaneously monitored changes in the abundance of Red Knots and bivalves across the entire staging site in spring 2018.</p> <p>After taking into account potential competition with other shorebird species, we estimated that the Nanpu tidal flat was capable of supporting approximately 1.46-1.70 times the current observed level of usage of the site by Red Knots, and therefore is operating below, but close, to carrying capacity with respect to food resources for Red Knots. This result suggests that any further development of this site could harm the EAAF Red Knot population.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: Quantitative monitoring and evaluation of habitat quality of staging sites are essential to successfully conserve declining migratory species. In particular, researchers and conservation practitioners should incorporate both population size and staging duration in order to more accurately assess the importance of different sites and to quantify how changes in staging habitat quality may translate into changes in migrant population sizes at both local and global scales.</p>
Sanderling Calidris alba bill lengths at non-breeding areas at various latitudes
<p>The data file contains data of bill lengths of 2,866 individual Sanderlings (<em>Calidris alba</em>) captured at winter locations between northern Scotland and Namibia. “lat” indicates the latitude of capture in decimal degrees, where “bill” is the measured bill length in mm. Further details can be found in the methods section in the manuscript.</p>
Data and R-script to analyse timing of northward migration of Sanderlings (Calidris alba) through Europe
<p>The data file contains data of observations of individual Sanderlings (<em>Calidris alba</em>) from specific wintering areas observed during migration in different latitude sectors through Europe. This is a subset of the raw data file which also includes observations at the wintering grounds. Each individual is indicated with a unique number in column “Individual”. The column “Winter Area” indicates the winter location of each individual in sectors of 5 degrees latitude (as depicted in Fig. 1 in the manuscript), with 7 indicating Scotland, 8 England, 9 France, 10 North Iberia, 11 Portugal, 13 Canary Islands, 15 Mauritania, 18 Ghana and 23 Namibia, as indicated in the column “Winter_Country”. “Date_DOY” indicates the day of year on which current observation was made. “Year” indicates the year during which an observation was made, “lat” is the latitude and “lon” the longitude of each observation in decimal degrees. “Lat_Sector” specifies in which of the sectors of 6 latitudinal degrees in Europe (see Fig. S1) the observation was made. “Sex” indicates the sex, based on molecular methods of an individual where 0=unknown, 1=female, 2=male. “Age”is the age of an individual, where 50=juvenile (i.e. less than 1 year old), 99=adult (i.e more than 1 year old) and 0 indicates that the age was unknown. “migration” indicates whether an observed individual is conisdered to be on migration (“yes” i.e. seen at least 2 latitudinal degrees north of its average winter location) or not (“no”). Further details can be found in the methods section in the manuscript.</p> <p>The R-script uses this dataset to analyse the variation in timing of migration through Europe for individual Sanderlings from different non-breeding areas. Comments and explanations can also be found in the script and in the methods section of the manuscript.</p> <p> </p>
Sanderlings (Calidris alba) of two different age classes at the moment of individual colour-marking at four non-breeding sites that were or were not observed during migration following the capture.
<p>The data file contains data of Sanderlings (<em>Calidris alba</em>) of two different age classes at the moment of capture and individual colour-marking at one of four wintering areas that were or were not observed during migration following the capture. Each individual is indicated with a unique number in column “BirdID”. The column “country” indicates which of the four wintering areas (as depicted in Fig. 1 in the manuscript), with GB indicating England, PT indicating Portugal, MR indicating Mauritania and GH indicating Ghana. The “age” of each bird was either juvenile (<1 year old) or adult (>1 year old). Whether an individual was observed during migration, i.e. at least 2 latitudinal degrees north of its average winter location between 15 March – 15 October, in the migration period following capture is indicated with a 0 (not observed) or 1 (observed) in the column “observed”. Further details can be found in the methods section in the manuscript.</p>
Individual life histories Sanderlings Calidris alba at six non-breeding locations along East-Atlantic flyway
<p>The data file contains individual encounter histories of 1,358 adult Sanderlings (<em>Calidris alba</em>) that winter in six different areas, England, France, Portugal, Mauritania, Ghana or Namibia and were observed between 2007-2013 in the main study site, their winter area (between 1 November – 1 March) and/or outside the main study site, during the interval between encounter occasions at the main study sites (during migration in Europe between 15 March and 15 October and at least 2 latitudinal degrees north of the median winter latitude). Encounter histories are coded as ‘LDLD’ (“Live, dead, live, dead”), where L codes for life encounters in the main study site (0: not observed, 1: observed) and D for (life or dead) encounters outside the main study sites (0: not observed, 1: observed dead, 2: observed alive). The encounter history of an individual starts with the first observation in its wintering region in the year after marking. Winter regions are indicated by the last six columns of the data file which are separated by spaces, where a 1 in the first column indicates England, the second column indicates France, the third Portugal, the fourth Mauritania, the fifth Ghana and the sixth Namibia. Further details can be found in the methods section in the manuscript.</p>
Data from: Evaluating staging habitat quality to advance the conservation of a declining migratory shorebird, Red Knot Calidris canutus
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Global flyway evolution in red knots Calidris canutus and genetic evidence for a Nearctic refugium
<p>Present-day ecology and population structure are the legacies of past climate and habitat perturbations, and this is particularly true for species that are widely distributed at high latitudes. The red knot, <em>Calidris canutus</em>, is an arctic-breeding, long-distance migratory shorebird with six recognized subspecies defined by differences in morphology, migration behavior, and annual-cycle phenology, in a global distribution thought to have arisen just since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We used nextRAD sequencing of 10,881 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to assess the neutral genetic structure and phylogeographic history of 172 red knots representing all known global breeding populations. Using population genetics approaches, including model-based scenario-testing in an approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) framework, we infer that red knots derive from two main lineages that diverged ca. 34,000 years ago, and thus most likely persisted at the LGM in both Palearctic and Nearctic refugia, followed by at least two instances of secondary contact and admixture. Within two Beringian subspecies (<em>C. c. roselaari</em> and <em>rogersi</em>), we detected previously unknown genetic structure among sub-populations sharing a migratory flyway, reflecting additional complexity in the phylogeographic history of the region. Conversely, we found very weak genetic differentiation between two Nearctic populations (<em>rufa</em> and <em>islandica</em>) with clearly divergent migratory phenotypes and little or no apparent contact throughout the annual cycle. Together, these results suggest that relative gene flow among migratory populations reflects a complex interplay of historical, geographical, and ecological factors.</p>
Future sea level rise in northwest Mexico is projected to decrease the distribution and habitat quality of the endangered Calidris canutus roselaari (Red Knot)
<p>Sea level rise (SLR) is one of the most unequivocal consequences of climate change, yet the implications for shorebirds and their coastal habitats is not well understood, especially outside of the north temperate zone. Here, we show that by the year 2050, SLR has the potential to cause significant habitat loss and reduce the quality of the remaining coastal wetlands in Northwest Mexico—one of the most important regions for Nearctic breeding migratory shorebirds. Specifically, we used species distribution modelling and a moderate SLR static inundation scenario to assess the effects of future SLR on coastal wetlands in Northwest Mexico and the potential distribution of <em>Calidris canutus roselaari </em>(Red Knot), a threatened long-distance migratory shorebird. Our results suggest that under a moderate SLR scenario, 55% of the current coastal wetland extent in northwest Mexico will be at risk of permanent submergence by 2050, and the high-quality habitat areas that remain will be 20% less suitable for <em>C. c. roselaari</em>. What is more, 8 out of the 10 wetlands currently supporting the largest numbers of <em>C. c. roselaari</em> are predicted to lose — on average — 17.8% of their highly suitable habitat areas, with two sites completely losing all their highly suitable habitat. In combination with increasing levels of coastal development and anthropogenic disturbance in Northwest Mexico, these predicted changes suggest that the potential future distribution of <em>C. c. roselaari</em> (and other shorebirds) will likely contract, exacerbating their ongoing population declines. Our results also make clear that SLR will likely have profound effects on ecosystems outside the north temperate zones, providing a clarion call to natural resource managers. Urgent action is required to begin securing sufficient space to accommodate the natural capacity of wetlands to migrate inland and implement local-scale solutions that strengthen the resilience of wetlands and human populations to SLR.</p>
Solar geolocation of Sanderlings (Calidris alba), LUX files from Intigeo-W65A9, Migrate Technology Ltd. solar geolocators
<p>Lux files as downloaded from 7 solar geolocation devices (Intigeo-W65A9, Migrate Technology Ltd.) from Sanderlings <em>Calidris alba</em>. See manuscript for details. The data are not to be used for publication without prior permission by the owners.</p>
Sex and morph variation in activity from early ontogeny to maturity in ruffs (Calidris pugnax)
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Future sea level rise in northwest Mexico is projected to decrease the distribution and habitat quality of the endangered Calidris canutus roselaari (Red Knot)
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Global flyway evolution in red knots Calidris canutus and genetic evidence for a Nearctic refugium
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Data from: Intercontinental genetic structure and gene flow in Dunlin (Calidris alpina), a potential vector of avian influenza
Waterfowl (Anseriformes) and shorebirds (Charadriiformes) are the most common wild vectors of influenza A viruses. Due to their migratory behavior, some may transmit disease over long distances. Migratory connectivity studies can link breeding and nonbreeding grounds while illustrating potential interactions among populations that may spread diseases. We investigated Dunlin (Calidris alpina), a shorebird with a subspecies (C. a. arcticola) that migrates from nonbreeding areas endemic to avian influenza in eastern Asia to breeding grounds in northern Alaska. Using microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA, we illustrate genetic structure among six subspecies: C. a. arcticola, C. a. pacifica, C. a. hudsonia, C. a. sakhalina, C. a. kistchinski, and C. a. actites. We demonstrate that mitochondrial DNA can help distinguish C. a. arcticola on the Asian nonbreeding grounds with >70% accuracy depending on their relative abundance, indicating that genetics can help determine if C. a. arcticola occurs where they may be exposed to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) during outbreaks. Our data reveal asymmetric intercontinental gene flow, with some C. a. arcticola short-stopping migration to breed with C. a. pacifica in western Alaska. Because C. a. pacifica migrates along the Pacific Coast of North America, interactions between these subspecies and other taxa provides route for transmission of HPAI into other parts of North America.
Figure 4 in A review of the subspecies status of the Icelandic Purple Sandpiper Calidris maritima littoralis
Figure 4. Discriminant analysis of principal components based on multilocus sequence data for Calidris maritima from Canada, Iceland, and Svalbard. The first two principal axes are shown, with the first plotted on the vertical axis. The relative contribution of the two axes is shown in the panel. Ellipses are inertia ellipses calculated by the variance of both principal component axes, and represent 67% of the variance (Jombart et al., 2010).
Figure 3 in A review of the subspecies status of the Icelandic Purple Sandpiper Calidris maritima littoralis
Figure 3. Haplotype networks for the different markers. Shadings represent the sampled populations: Iceland in black; Canada in dark grey; Svalbard in light grey; and Greenland in white. The size of the circle indicates the number of individuals scaled by a factor of log base 10, the greyscale indicates the population origin. The small black dots between connections represent the mutational distance between haplotypes, with one dot representing one mutational step. The list of haplotypes, their frequencies, and accession numbers are given in Table S2.
Figure 2. A in A review of the subspecies status of the Icelandic Purple Sandpiper Calidris maritima littoralis
Figure 2. A multidimensional scaling plot of the pairwise Mahalanobis distances between populations identified in Engelmoer & Roselaar (1998), and by sex. The species names are given for the different subspecies; capital letters refer to samples from Canada (C), Greenland (G), and the North Atlantic (N); , males; ○, females.
Figure 1 in A review of the subspecies status of the Icelandic Purple Sandpiper Calidris maritima littoralis
Figure 1. Breeding distribution of the three Calidris maritima subspecies recognized by Engelmoer & Roselaar (1998; redrawn from Cramp & Simmons, 1983). The breeding area for the nominate subspecies is coloured black, the breeding area for the Icelandic subspecies is shown by diagonal hatching, and the breeding area of Calidris maritima belcheri is coloured dark grey. Numbers refer to the sample sites listed in Engelmoer & Roselaar (1998: 1, Northern Canada (other than 2 and 3); 2, Baffin Island; 3, Hudson Bay; 4, Greenland; 5, Iceland; 6, Northern Fennoscandia; 7, Svalbard; 8, Franz Josef Land; 9, Novaya Zemlya; 10, Taymyr.
Natal dispersal does not entail survival costs but is linked to breeding dispersal in a migratory shorebird, the southern dunlin Calidris alpina schinzii
<p>The costs and benefits of dispersal are often assessed by comparing fitness between dispersing and non-dispersing individuals. Importantly, individuals that disperse between their natal and first breeding site may subsequently be more likely to disperse between breeding sites compared to those that remained philopatric to their natal site. Such within-individual consistency in dispersal behaviour can bias local survival estimation, and thus the survival comparison between dispersing and non-dispersing individuals, if breeding dispersal leads to permanent emigration from the study area. We examined whether adult survival correlates with natal dispersal in a migratory shorebird, the southern dunlin (Calidris alpina schinzii), in two isolated patchy populations where permanent emigration is expected to be extremely rare. To assess whether local adult survival could be biased by non-random breeding dispersal, we analysed between-patch breeding dispersal probability and quantified within-individual consistency in dispersal. Among females, natal dispersers were more likely to disperse again as adults compared to non-dispersers, while no difference was observed in males which were always highly site faithful. Yet, adult survival did not differ between natal dispersing and non-dispersing individuals in either sex. Breeding dispersal probability was higher in failed compared to successful breeders. Breeding dispersal often resulted in dispersal back to the natal patch, i.e. delayed natal philopatry. Our results suggest no survival costs of dispersal after first reproduction. Despite individual consistency, survival estimates of dispersing individuals were not biased because nearly all available breeding habitat was covered. We show that consistency in dispersal can occur even in site faithful species like the southern dunlin. Studies of the effects of dispersal on survival should therefore account for within-individual consistency in dispersal if not all available breeding habitat is monitored in open populations. In particular, delayed natal philopatry may lead to biased local survival estimates for immigrants when compared with philopatric individuals.</p>
Calidris melanotos decontaminated gx
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Nests, threats and leks: non-random distribution of nests in ruffs (Calidris pugnax)
<p>This project investigates the nest distribution of the ruff (<em>Calidris pugnax</em>), an endangered shorebird, and its association with social and spatial characteristics of their habitat. Using satellite imaging, we established a suitable breeding area and analyzed the factors influencing nest placement. Our study aims to provide insights that can aid in the conservation of this species by understanding their nesting behavior and the threats they face.</p>
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