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16 results for “California grasslands”
Species richness of vascular plants and bryophytes in nine grassland sites (Europe and California collected in 2013-2016)
We sampled vascular plants (VP) and bryophytes (non-vascular plant; NVP) 1×1 m experimental plots in nine sites belonging to the Nutrient Network. Three sites were in California, two in Finland and UK and one in Germany and Switzerland. The data were collected to compare the responses of NVPs and VPs to nutrient addition and grazing exclusion treatments. The NVP and VP cover sampling was conducted in March-August 2016, except for heron.uk and rook.uk, which had been sampled for VPs in 2013. NVPs were mostly identified to species, but in absence of necessary diagnostic characters (capsules, other reproductive organs, distinctive gametophytic features), some specimens were identified at morphospecies group, subgenus, or genus level. We calculated three plant diversity indices for NVPs, VPs and total (NVPs and VPs combined) in each plot. First, species richness (S) is the number of species per 1 m2 for NVPs and VPs. For plots having no NVPs, NVP richness is zero. Second, for plots having at least one NVP, we calculated Inverse Simpson’s index of diversity (referred to as species diversity), which is equivalent to the Probability of Interspecific Encounter or Effective Number of Species (ENSPIE). Third, we calculated Simpson’s evenness (E = ENSPIE/S; referred to as evenness), which was expected to reflect changes in species’ dominance. We also sampled aboveground plant biomass at peak biomass of vascular plants (in May- August, depending on local site level characteristics) by clipping at ground level and removing all aboveground vegetation (live and dead) from two 0.1 × 1 m strips, sorting the current year’s VP and NVP biomass from the previous year’s biomass (dead litter), drying the biomass to a constant mass at 60 °C, and weighing it to the nearest 0.01 g. Except for two sites (heron.uk and rook.uk), we also measured photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) at the ground surface and above grassland canopy at time of peak biomass and calculated the proportion of tra
Data for 'Floral color and family drive contrasting plant-pollinator responses to nutrient enrichment' by Rebecca A. Nelson, Elizabeth T. Borer, and Eric W. Seabloom 2025. Collected in California grasslands 2023 and 2024.
Data for analysis of how flower color and family mediate plant-pollinator response to nutrient enrichment. Data on pollinator visitation and flower abundance were collected in three California grasslands in 2023 and 2024 from a factorial experimental in which combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium with micronutrients were applied.
Data for "Pollinator Conservation Paradox: Exotic Forbs Support Native Pollinators Under Global Changes" by Nelson, Seabloom and Borer 2025, California grasslands, 2023-2024
Data for analysis on how plant provenance mediates plant-pollinator interaction responses to fertilization and herbivore exclusion, associated with Nelson, Seabloom, and Borer 2025. Data on pollinator visitation and floral abundance were collected in plots that received factorial experimental treatments of combined nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with micronutrients by herbivore exclusion fencing in three California grasslands in 2023-2024.
Data from: Diversity and composition of viral communities: coinfection of barley and cereal yellow dwarf viruses in California grasslands 2000 - 2005
Most species host multiple pathogens, yet field studies rarely examine the processes determining pathogen diversity within a single host or the effects of coinfection on pathogen dynamics in natural systems. Coinfection can affect pathogen transmission and virulence. In turn, coinfection can be regulated within hosts by interactions such as cross-protective immunity or at broader spatial scales via vector distributions. Using a general model, we demonstrate that coinfection by a group of vectored pathogens is highest with abundant generalist vectors and weak cross-protection and coinfection- induced mortality. Using these predictions, we investigate the distribution of five coexisting aphid-vectored, viral pathogens (barley and cereal yellow dwarf luteoviruses and poleroviruses) in a native perennial grass (Elymus glaucus) in both space (700 km) and time (4 years). Observed coinfection rates were much higher than expected at random, suggesting that within-host processes exerted weak effects on within-host pathogen diversity. Covariance among viruses in space and time was highest for viral species sharing a vector. Temporal correlation arose from the synchronous invasion of two viruses transmitted by a shared aphid species. On the basis of our modeling and empirical results, we expect that factors external to individual hosts may affect the coinfection dynamics in other communities hosting vectored pathogens.
Data from: Diversity and composition of viral communities: coinfection of barley and cereal yellow dwarf viruses in California grasslands
Most species host multiple pathogens, yet field studies rarely examine the processes determining pathogen diversity within a single host or the effects of coinfection on pathogen dynamics in natural systems. Coinfection can affect pathogen transmission and virulence. In turn, coinfection can be regulated within hosts by interactions such as cross-protective immunity or at broader spatial scales via vector distributions. Using a general model, we demonstrate that coinfection by a group of vectored pathogens is highest with abundant generalist vectors and weak cross-protection and coinfection- induced mortality. Using these predictions, we investigate the distribution of five coexisting aphid-vectored, viral pathogens (barley and cereal yellow dwarf luteoviruses and poleroviruses) in a native perennial grass (Elymus glaucus) in both space (700 km) and time (4 years). Observed coinfection rates were much higher than expected at random, suggesting that within-host processes exerted weak effects on within-host pathogen diversity. Covariance among viruses in space and time was highest for viral species sharing a vector. Temporal correlation arose from the synchronous invasion of two viruses transmitted by a shared aphid species. On the basis of our modeling and empirical results, we expect that factors external to individual hosts may affect the coinfection dynamics in other communities hosting vectored pathogens.
Functional assembly of grassland plant species in native communities in Spain and recipient communities in California
<p>A major aim in invasion ecology is to understand the role of exotic species in plant communities. Whereas most studies have explored the traits of exotic species in the context of the introduced community, functional comparisons of entire assemblages of species in their native and introduced communities have rarely been analysed. Taking advantage of the unidirectional invasion of plant species of European origin (i.e. colonizers) into California, this study aims to investigate the relative importance of plant traits, environmental factors, and invasion status in biological invasions. We compared the functional structure (i.e. trait composition and diversity) along with resource availability gradients in recipient and native Mediterranean grassland communities in California and Spain, respectively. Traits were related to resource use in above- and belowground organs and reproductive strategy. We also investigated how niche differences vary along environmental gradients between coexisting colonizer and native species assemblages within communities. There were clear differences in the functional structure of Mediterranean grassland communities between regions, which were associated with the resource availability gradient. Paradoxically, the most acquisitive communities occurred in resource-poor sites, highlighting that rapid acquisition and use of resources permit species to cope with environmental stress through stress avoidance. In Spain, colonizer species had greater SLA than non-colonizers. Yet, differences between colonizer and non-colonizer species in Spain for other traits were mostly absent and did not change along the gradient. This might be a result of the greater native species richness as a consequence of the agricultural practices that have taken place in Europe for millennia and reflect that the entire species pool of grasslands is adapted to agricultural landscapes. In comparison, in California, colonizer species were more acquisitive in their use of resources than natives under favourable conditions, but functionally converged in resource-limited sites. This result in the recipient region underscores that the importance of niche differences between native and colonizer species as a community assembly mechanism is strongly subject to the influence of habitat filtering. Trait comparisons are context-dependent, and a correct interpretation of filtering processes in community assembly requires a regional perspective.</p>
Belowground traits and biomass data from California grassland in 2015
<ol> <li><span>Understanding precipitation controls on functional diversity is important in predicting how change in rainfall patterns will alter plant productivity in the future. Trait-based approaches can provide predictive knowledge about how certain species will behave and interact with the community. However, how functional diversity relates to above- and belowground biomass production in variable rainfall conditions remains unclear.</span></li> <li><span>Here, we tested the role of mass ratio and niche complementarity hypotheses in shaping above- and belowground biomass-functional diversity relationships in seasonal drought. We implemented a fully crossed experiment that manipulated drought timing (fall dry, spring dry, consistent dry, and ambient rainfall) and community composition (grass-dominated, forb-dominated, and mixed grass-forb) in a California annual grassland.</span></li> <li><span>Plant communities with mixed functional groups showed higher above- and belowground biomass than either the grass- or forb-dominant communities.</span></li> <li><span>We found divergent functional diversity-biomass relationships for above- and belowground biomass. Aboveground biomass decreased with community-weighted means (CWMs) of SLA and height, supporting the mass ratio hypothesis, which posits that dominant species with specific traits drive biomass production of the community. Belowground biomass showed no evidence of either mass ratio hypothesis or niche complementarity.</span></li> <li><span>While biomass was largely unaffected by the timing of drought in one season, we found community-wide functional trait shifts in response to rainfall treatments. Aboveground traits shifted to higher SLA in consistent dry compared to ambient. Belowground traits shifted to longer, finer and denser roots in fall and consistently dry, and shorter and coarser roots in spring dry. Functional diversity buffered biomass production by enabling shifts in above- and belowground functional traits across variable rainfall conditions.</span></li> </ol>
Data from: Diversity and composition of viral communities: coinfection of barley and cereal yellow dwarf viruses in California grasslands
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Belowground traits and biomass data from California grassland in 2015
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Functional assembly of grassland plant species in native communities in Spain and recipient communities in California
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Fitness differences override variation-dependent coexistence mechanisms in California grasslands
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Regional differences in soil stable isotopes and vibrational features at depth in three California Grasslands
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DayCent simulations for California annual grasslands: Monthly data outputs
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Data for: Prescribed versus wildfire impacts on exotic plants and soil microbes in California grasslands
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Native annual forb and vegetation data for ten paired grazed and ungrazed prairies in coastal California grasslands at two time periods 15 years apart
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High-resolution residual dry matter (RDM) map for a California oak savanna/annual grassland derived from drone multispectral remote sensing imagery and in-situ grass biomass data
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