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22 results for “Calotriton”
Figure 3 in Taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of Euproctus (Amphibia: Salamandridae), with the resurrection of the genus Calotriton and the description of a new endemic species from the Iberian Peninsula
Figure 3. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree for some representatives of the Western brook newts (log likelihood −955.08162, HKY + G model of sequence evolution) inferred from a reduced dataset, which included 354 bp of cytb mtDNA. Bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probabilities for particular nodes are shown in the boxes with the figures indicating the percentage support for different analyses. Upper left, bootstrap support derived by ML (HKY + G). Upper right, posterior probability values from the Bayesian analysis (HKY + G). Lower left, maximum parsimony (MP) bootstrap support derived by MP (ts = 1; tv = 1). Lower right, bootstrap support derived by MP (ts = 1; tv = 6). When the difference between the four support values was <5%, only the average value is shown. Numbers in square brackets refer to localities shown in Fig. 1 and listed in Table 1.
Figure 7 in Taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of Euproctus (Amphibia: Salamandridae), with the resurrection of the genus Calotriton and the description of a new endemic species from the Iberian Peninsula
Figure 7. Plot of first and second canonical variables for male Western brook newts. Filled squares indicate specimens from the El Montseny massif and filled circles the remaining specimens analysed.
Figure 10. A in Taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of Euproctus (Amphibia: Salamandridae), with the resurrection of the genus Calotriton and the description of a new endemic species from the Iberian Peninsula
Figure 10. A, female Calotriton arnoldi sp. nov. from population A2 with uniform chocolate coloration. B, male specimen of C. arnoldi from population A2 showing several yellowish blotches on the sides of the tail and body. C, close up of same female as in A. D, female C. arnoldi from population B2 showing the typical uniform chocolate coloration of this population. E, larvae of C. arnoldi from population B1. F, same female as in A in ventral view. G–H, juvenile of C. arnoldi from population A2 with several yellowish blotches on the sides of the tail and body (note the absence of the vertebral line that is typical of C. asper). I–J, details of the female cloaca of the same specimen as in A. K–L, detail of the female cloaca of a living specimen of C. asper from Berga, Spain (K) and Ordesa, Spain (L).
Figure 2 in Taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of Euproctus (Amphibia: Salamandridae), with the resurrection of the genus Calotriton and the description of a new endemic species from the Iberian Peninsula
Figure 2. Maximum likelihood (ML) tree for some representatives of the Salamandridae (log likelihood −6882.66489, GTR + I + G model of sequence evolution) inferred from the combined dataset, which included cytb, 12S and 16S mtDNA sequences. Bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probabilities for particular nodes are shown in the boxes with the figures indicating the percentage support for different analyses. Upper left, bootstrap support derived by ML (GTR + I + G). Upper right, posterior probability values from the Bayesian analysis (GTR + I + G). Lower left, maximum parsimony (MP) bootstrap support derived by MP (ts = 1; tv = 1). Lower right, bootstrap support derived by MP (ts = 1; tv = 4 and cytb 3rd codon ts = 0). When the difference between the four support values was <5%, only the average value is shown. The '<' symbol is used to show that the bootstrap/posterior probability value for that node is lower than 50% and the '–' symbol indicates that a particular node is never recovered when using this method. Estimated ages are given for some bifurcations, which are marked by filled circles. Numbers in square brackets refer to localities shown in Fig. 1 and listed in Table 1.
Figure 1 in Taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of Euproctus (Amphibia: Salamandridae), with the resurrection of the genus Calotriton and the description of a new endemic species from the Iberian Peninsula
Figure 1. Map showing the distribution range of the Thyrrenian brook newts and the Western brook newts (shadowed areas). Numbers refer to the following localities: 1, El Montseny. 2, Irati. 3, Vidrà. 4, Xixarella. 5, Vall d'en Bac. 6, Collada de Tosses. 7, Font de l'Ús. 8, Berga. 9, Ordesa. 10, Monrepos. 11, Susqueda. 12, Vilanova de Meià, 13 Corsica. 14, Sardinia. Additional data are given in Table 1.
Figure 8 in Taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of Euproctus (Amphibia: Salamandridae), with the resurrection of the genus Calotriton and the description of a new endemic species from the Iberian Peninsula
Figure 8. Plot of first and second canonical variables for female Western brook newts. Filled squares indicate specimens from the El Montseny massif and filled circles the remaining specimens analysed.
Figure 5 in Taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of Euproctus (Amphibia: Salamandridae), with the resurrection of the genus Calotriton and the description of a new endemic species from the Iberian Peninsula
Figure 5. Scatter plot of principal component scores for the first three principal axes of the principal component analysis of male Western brook newts. Filled squares indicate specimens from the El Montseny massif and open circles the remaining specimens analysed.
Figure 9. A in Taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of Euproctus (Amphibia: Salamandridae), with the resurrection of the genus Calotriton and the description of a new endemic species from the Iberian Peninsula
Figure 9. A, detail of a hind leg of a male Euproctus platycephalus showing the spur (s) that characterizes the Tyrrhenian brook newts. B, detail of hind leg of a male E. montanus showing the spur (s). C, detail of a male cloaca of E. platycephalus; the spur on the right hind leg is also visible. D, detail of a male cloaca of E. montanus showing the pseudopenis (pp) and the spur. E, detail of a female cloaca of E. platycephalus. F, detail of a female cloaca of E. montanus.
Figure 4. X in Taxonomy, biogeography and evolution of Euproctus (Amphibia: Salamandridae), with the resurrection of the genus Calotriton and the description of a new endemic species from the Iberian Peninsula
Figure 4. X-ray images of several species of newts and pictures of two clear-stained specimens showing a close-up of the caudosacral and caudal vertebrae. Numbers from 1 to 4 correspond to the first caudosacral vertebrae. A, Calotriton arnoldi sp. nov. female from El Montseny (MZB2004-0188). B, C. arnoldi male from El Montseny (MZB 82–8789). C, C. arnoldi male from El Montseny (MZB2004-0187). D, C. arnoldi male from El Montseny (MZB 82-8784). E, C. arnoldi female from El Montseny (MZB2004-0189). F, C. asper male from Baños de Benasque, Huesca, Spain (BMNH, 1970.2448). G, C. asper male from Torrent de Castelmouly, near Bagnères de Bigorre, France (BMNH, 1928.11.18-22). H, C. asper male from Pla de l'Estany, northern slope of the Maladeta, Spain (BMNH, 1928.11.22.13-14). I, C. asper female from Lac d'Oncet, French Pyrenees (BMNH, 1920.1.20.20). J, Euproctus montanus male (BMNH 82.11.15.50-55). K, E. platycephalus male (BMNH, 1947.1.4.4.x6). L, Neurergus kaisseri male (paratype – BMNH, 1952.4.2.85). M, Triturus marmoratus male (BMNH 86.6.29.52-56). N, T. cristatus male (BMNH, 1950.1.4.81-82). O, T. karelinii male (BMNH 96.3.28.18-19). P, ventral view of the caudosacral and caudal vertebrae of a clear-stained male of C. asper from Berga (locality 8 in Fig. 1). Q, dorsal view of the same C. asper specimen as in P. R, ventral view of male from Bergo. S, dorsal view of C. arnoldi from population B1 (locality 1 in Fig. 1).
Data from: No signs of inbreeding despite long-term isolation and habitat fragmentation in the critically endangered Montseny brook newt (Calotriton arnoldi)
Endemic species with restricted geographic ranges potentially suffer the highest risk of extinction. If these species are further fragmented into genetically isolated subpopulations, the risk of extinction is elevated. Habitat fragmentation is generally considered to have negative effects on species survival, despite some evidence for neutral or even positive effects. Typically, non-negative effects are ignored by conservation biology. The Montseny brook newt (Calotriton arnoldi) has one of the smallest distribution ranges of any European amphibian (8 km2) and is considered critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Here we apply molecular markers to analyze its population structure and find that habitat fragmentation owing to a natural barrier has resulted in strong genetic division of populations into two sectors, with no detectable migration between sites. Although effective population size estimates suggest low values for all populations, we found low levels of inbreeding and relatedness between individuals within populations. Moreover, C. arnoldi displays similar levels of genetic diversity to its sister species Calotriton asper, from which it separated around 1.5 million years ago and which has a much larger distribution range. Our extensive study shows that natural habitat fragmentation does not result in negative genetic effects, such as the loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding on an evolutionary timescale. We hypothesize that species in such conditions may evolve strategies (for example, special mating preferences) to mitigate the effects of small population sizes. However, it should be stressed that the influence of natural habitat fragmentation on an evolutionary timescale should not be conflated with anthropogenic habitat loss or degradation when considering conservation strategies.
Figure 1 in The occurrence of facultative paedomorphosis in a lacustrine population of the Pyrenean newt (Calotriton asper): morphology and age structure
Figure 1. Snout–vent length (SVL, mean ± SE) differences between groups and phenotypes (BJ = branchiate juveniles; MJ = metamorphosed juveniles; PF = paedomorphic females; MF = metamorphic females; PM = paedomorphic males and MM = metamorphic males).
Figure 2 in The occurrence of facultative paedomorphosis in a lacustrine population of the Pyrenean newt (Calotriton asper): morphology and age structure
Figure 2. Plot of the first two PCs of the newts of the Ibón de Perramó population, showing differences between males, females and juveniles.
Figure 3 in The occurrence of facultative paedomorphosis in a lacustrine population of the Pyrenean newt (Calotriton asper): morphology and age structure
Figure 3. (a) Age structure of the newts of Ibón de Perramó population in males (M) and females (F). (b) Age structure of the newts of Ibón de Perramó population in branchiate juveniles (BJ), metamorphosed juveniles (MJ) and larvae (L).
FIGURE 3 in Allozyme differentiation among populations of the Pyrenean newt Calotriton asper (Amphibia: Caudata) does not mirror their morphological diversification
FIGURE 3. An example of differentiation among populations of C. asper at the morphological level. Both specimens are representative of full grown adults from Fanlo (smaller, SVL 47.15 mm) and Susqueda (larger specimen, SVL 81.35 mm). Their size and shape, as in this case, together with coloration differences, have been used as indications for taxonomic subdivisions in C. asper.
FIGURE 2 in Allozyme differentiation among populations of the Pyrenean newt Calotriton asper (Amphibia: Caudata) does not mirror their morphological diversification
FIGURE 2. Snout-vent-length distribution of C. asper in the Pi Valley. Above the axis, SVL of specimens from a first capture; below the axis, SVL distribution of recaptured specimens. Arrows indicate the low proportion of small adults in the recaptured sample.
FIGURE 1 in Allozyme differentiation among populations of the Pyrenean newt Calotriton asper (Amphibia: Caudata) does not mirror their morphological diversification
FIGURE 1. Map of the Pyrenees, comprising the complete geographic distribution of Calotriton asper (not delineated). The sampling sites for the allozyme study are indicated by numbers: 1.- Zuriza, 2.- Espelunciecha, 3.- Piedrafita, 4.- San Juan de la Peña, 5.- Fanlo, 6.- Pi, 7.- Susqueda. The solid circle represents Calotriton arnoldi populations.
FIG. 1 in Body Size Increases with Elevation in Pyrenean Newts (Calotriton asper)
FIG. 1.—Map of the study area (France, Andorra, and Spain) showing the eight Calotriton asper populations sampled in 2017. The highlighted area within the inset map shows the known distribution of the species.
FIG. 2 in Body Size Increases with Elevation in Pyrenean Newts (Calotriton asper)
FIG. 2.—Relationships between abiotic variables and morphometric measurements of adult Pyrenean Newts (Calotriton asper) sampled in 2017. (A) Mean annual temperature (°C) vs. snout–vent length (SVL, in mm); (B) mean annual precipitation (mm) vs. SVL; (C) mean annual temperature vs. relative hindlimb length (derived from residuals of the linear regression between hind-limb length and SVL). Filled circles ¼ males; open circles ¼ females. Dotted lines represent the regression lines based on linear models.
Data from: No signs of inbreeding despite long-term isolation and habitat fragmentation in the critically endangered Montseny brook newt (Calotriton arnoldi)
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Figure 4 in The occurrence of facultative paedomorphosis in a lacustrine population of the Pyrenean newt (Calotriton asper): morphology and age structure
Figure 4. Stained cross-section of a phalange of an 18-year-old larva of Calotriton asper.
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