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Fig. 6 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 6. Chiraziulus kaiseri (Mauriès, 1983), female vulva. Scanning electron micrographs. A. Vulva in situ behind second pair of legs, posterior view. B. Details of right vulva behind second pair of legs. C. Detail of microtubular structure under the vulva. D. Vulva in ventral view. E. Vulva in anterior view. Abbreviations: o = operculum; b = bursa. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B–E = 10 μm.

Fig. 3 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 3. Chiraziulus kaiseri (Mauriès, 1983), paratypes. Scanning electron micrographs. A. Head and first body rings in lateral view. B. Last body rings ("tail") in lateral view. C. Tip of antenna. D. Detail of the limbus; notice lines of beadlike structures between cuticular scutes. E. Detail of labrum in frontal view. F. Gnathochilarium in ventral view; the arrow shows the distomesal setae on stipes. Scale bars: A–B, E–F = 100 μm; C = 10 μm; D = 1 μm.

Fig. 2 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 2. Distribution of species of Chiraziulus Mauriès, 1983 in Iran (Mauriès 1987). C. troglopersicus sp. nov.: red dot (1); C. kaiseri: yellow dots (2–6). 1. Neyneh Cave. 2. "Chiraz" "montagne greseuse au nord de la ville". 3. 19 km W of Shiraz. 4. 5 km N of Persepolis. 5. Oasis 95 km N of Bandarabass. 6. Sarab Cave.

Fig. 9 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 9. Chiraziulus troglopersicus sp. nov., ♂, paratype, gonopods. Scanning electron micrographs. A. Anterior gonopods in posterior view. B. Detail of the process on the tip of an anterior gonopod in posterior view. C. Anterior gonopods in anterior view. D. As C, in apical view. E. Tip of the flagellum. F. Posterior gonopods in lateral view. G. Tip of the long spine-like process of the posterior gonopod. H. Posterior gonopods in posterior view. I. As H, in anterior view. J. Detail of the mesal sternal part of the gonopods. Abbreviations: C = coxal process; T = telepodite; f = flagellum; s = setae; dp = distal process. Scale bars: A–D, F, H–I = 10 μm; E, G, J = 1 μm.

Fig. 8 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 8. Number of podous rings and midbody vertical diameter of the studied specimens. Chiraziulus kaiseri (Mauriès, 1983) in blue; Chiraziulus troglopersicus sp. nov. in red. ▲ = adult ♂♂; ● = juveniles and ♀♀.

Fig. 7 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 7. Chiraziulus kaiseri (Mauriès, 1983). Comparison of the paratype (A, C, E, G, I and K) and specimen from Ghar Sarab Cave (B, D, F, H, J and L). A–B. Left anterior gonopods, mesal view. C–D. Anterior gonopod, posterior view. E–F. Anterior gonopod, anterior view. G–H. Anterior gonopod, lateral view. I–J. Anterior gonopod, apical view. K–L. Posterior gonopods.

Fig. 12 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 12. Chiraziulus kaiseri (Mauriès, 1983), paratypes infected with ectoparasitic fungi of the genus Rickia Cavara, order Laboulbeniales. A. Arrows indicate black dots on the body rings corresponding to the insertion of the fungi. B. Scanning electron micrograph of the collum with one fungus (arrow). Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 100 μm.

Fig. 5 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 5. Chiraziulus kaiseri (Mauriès, 1983), ♂, paratypes, gonopods. Scanning electron micrographs. A. Anterior gonopods in anterior view. B. Anterior gonopods with one posterior gonopod in lateral view. C. As B, in apical view. D. As B, in posterior view. E–F. Anterior gonopod with detail of the processes on the tip of anterior gonopods. G–I. Posterior gonopod. J. Detail of the mesal sternal part. Abbreviations: C = coxal process; T = telepodite; Ta = anterior lobe of telopodite; Tb = posterior lobe of telepodite. Scale bars: A, D, I = 100 μm; B–C, E–H = 10 μm.

Fig. 11 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 11. Cambala annulata (Say, 1821), anterior gonopod. A. Mesal view. B. Detail of the mesal sternal part. C. Apical part of coxal processes and telepodite. Scale bars: A = 100 μm; B–C = 10 μm.

Fig. 4 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 4. Chiraziulus kaiseri (Mauriès, 1983), ♂, paratype, anterior gonopod. Scanning electron micrographs. A. Tip of flagellum. B. Flagellum insertion and loop across anterior gonopod coxite. C. Anterior gonopod showing the entire extension of the flagellum. Scale bars: A = 10 μm; B–C = 100 μm.

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Fig. 10 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 10. Chiraziulus troglopersicus sp. nov., habitat; Neyneh Cave in Zagros Mountains, Iran.

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Fig. 1 in Highly disjunct and highly infected millipedes - a new cave-dwelling species of Chiraziulus (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalidae) from Iran and notes on Laboulbeniales ectoparasites

Fig. 1. Habitus of Chiraziulus troglopersicus sp. nov., paratype.

FIGURE 2A–E in First records of the genus Cambalida Simon, 1909 (Araneae: Corinnidae, Castianeirinae) from Asia, with the description of two new species from India and one new combination

FIGURE 2A–E. Cambalida deorsa sp. n. A Male right pedipalp, ventral view; B Bulb, ventro-retrolateral view; C Embolus enlarged, ventral view; D Epigyne, ventral view; E Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–E: 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 5A–E. A in First records of the genus Cambalida Simon, 1909 (Araneae: Corinnidae, Castianeirinae) from Asia, with the description of two new species from India and one new combination

FIGURE 5A–E. A Male left pedipalp, ventral view; B Same, retrolateral view; C Embolus enlarged, ventral view; D Epigyne, ventral view; E Vulva, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–E: 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 1A–K in First records of the genus Cambalida Simon, 1909 (Araneae: Corinnidae, Castianeirinae) from Asia, with the description of two new species from India and one new combination

FIGURE 1A–K. Cambalida deorsa sp. n. A Holotype male from Jnana Sahyadri campus of Kuvempu University, dorsal view; B Same, ventral view; C Same, lateral view; D Male, frontal view; E Male opisthosoma, ventral view; F Paratype female from Jnana Sahyadri campus of Kuvempu University, dorsal view; G Same, ventral view; H Same, lateral view; I Female, frontal view; J Female chelicerae, ventral view showing the apical fang shield bearing long setae; K Femur IV (left), retrolateral view showing distal femoral constriction. Abbreviations: PES post-epigastric sclerite, TS tracheal scute, VS ventral sclerite. Scale bars: A–C, F–H: 2 mm; D–E, I–J: 0.5 mm; K: 1 mm.

FIGURE 4A–K in First records of the genus Cambalida Simon, 1909 (Araneae: Corinnidae, Castianeirinae) from Asia, with the description of two new species from India and one new combination

FIGURE 4A–K. Cambalida tuma sp. n. A Holotype male from Dediyapada, dorsal view; B Same, ventral view; C Same, lateral view; D Male, frontal view; E Male abdomen, ventral view; F Paratype female from Dediyapada, dorsal view; G Same, ventral view; H Same lateral view; I Female, frontal view; J Female chelicerae, ventral view shoving the apical fang shield bearing long setae; K Femur IV (left), retrolateral view showing distal femoral constriction. Abbreviations: PES post-epigastric sclerite, TS tracheal scute, VS ventral sclerite. Scale bars: A–C, F–H: 1 mm; D, I: 0.2 mm; E, J, K: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 3A–E in First records of the genus Cambalida Simon, 1909 (Araneae: Corinnidae, Castianeirinae) from Asia, with the description of two new species from India and one new combination

FIGURE 3A–E. Cambalida deorsa sp. n. A Male right pedipalp, ventral view; B Bulb, ventro-retrolateral view; C Embolus enlarged, ventral view; D Epigyne, ventral view; E Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD copulatory duct, CO copulatory opening, E embolus, ER epigynal ridge, FD fertilization duct, SD sperm duct, ST spermatheca. Scale bars: A: 0.1 mm; B: 0.07 mm; C: 0.02 mm; D–E: 0.06 mm.

FIGURE 6A–E in First records of the genus Cambalida Simon, 1909 (Araneae: Corinnidae, Castianeirinae) from Asia, with the description of two new species from India and one new combination

FIGURE 6A–E. Cambalida tuma sp. n. A Male left pedipalp, ventral view; B same, retrolateral view; C Embolus enlarged with prominent apico-retrolateral bulging of tegulum (arrow), ventral view; D Epigyne, ventral view; E Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CD copulatory duct, CO copulatory opening, E embolus, ER epigynal ridge, FD fertilization duct, SD sperm duct, ST spermatheca. Scale bars: A–B: 0.1 mm; C: 0.02 mm; D: 0.05 mm; E: 0.07 mm.

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FIGURE 7 in First records of the genus Cambalida Simon, 1909 (Araneae: Corinnidae, Castianeirinae) from Asia, with the description of two new species from India and one new combination

FIGURE 7. Distribution records of Indian Cambalida spp. ● records from literature.