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FIGURE 1. Translucent 3D in Calcite precipitation forms crystal clusters and muscle mineralization during the decomposition of Cambarellus diminutus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in freshwater

FIGURE 1. Translucent 3D-models of Cambarellus diminutus sample C7tank in combination with 3D-models of calcite clusters, which precipitated inside the carcass during its decomposition in freshwater. 1.1 3D-model without calcite clusters on day 1. 1.2 3D-model on day 2 showing a small amount of calcite clusters inside the cephalothorax and the first tergite. 1.3 3D-model on day 4 showing a lot of calcite clusters inside the antennules, the left major propodus, the rostrum, the cephalothorax, the tergites, the uropods, and the telson. 1.4 3D-model on day 7, showing widespread calcite clusters at the inner side of the carapace of the carcass except the dorsal side of the cephalothorax and the tergites (see also Figure.4.1). 3D-models were reconstructed based on µ-CT data.

FIGURE 6. 3D in Calcite precipitation forms crystal clusters and muscle mineralization during the decomposition of Cambarellus diminutus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in freshwater

FIGURE 6. 3D-models and SEM-images of sample C3tank. 6.1 3D-model of the whole crayfish in dorso-lateral view. 6.2 3D-model of the chela of the first left pereiopod in combination with a SEM-image of the calcified muscle of the dactyl. 6.3 SEM-image of a calcified muscle from the inside of the dactyl of the chela of the first left pereiopod. 3Dmodels were reconstructed based on µ-CT data.

FIGURE 5 in Calcite precipitation forms crystal clusters and muscle mineralization during the decomposition of Cambarellus diminutus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in freshwater

FIGURE 5. SEM-images of several diverse calcite structures which precipitated inside the carcasses. 5.1 Bispherical structure with mineralized setae and a part of the cuticle layers. 5.2 and 5.3 Spherical structures. 5.4 Elliptical structure which is tapering at the left side. 5.5 Complex structure. 5.6 Bispherical structure with mineralized setae and a part of the cuticle layers.

FIGURE 8 in Calcite precipitation forms crystal clusters and muscle mineralization during the decomposition of Cambarellus diminutus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in freshwater

FIGURE 8. Hypothetical scenarios of calcium dissolution and precipitation of calcite clusters inside decomposing crayfish without (8.1-2) and with gastroliths in tank water (8.3-4). 8.1 Low pH-values around and inside the carcass caused by an enzymatic self-digestion (autolysis) and bacterial activity release dissolved calcium ions which migrate out of the carapace into the body cavity and into the environment (red arrows). 8.2 Increase of the pH-value inside the carcass caused by microbial activities during the putrefaction result in a precipitation of calcite clusters at the inner side of the carapace, consisting of previously dissolved calcium ions out of the cuticle layers. 8.3 Low pH-values around and inside the carcass caused by enzymatic self-digestion (autolysis) and bacterial activity resulted in an accumulation of dissolved calcium ions (red arrows). In addition, low pH conditions inside the stomach and decay of the "gastrolith-cavity-membrane" resulted in dissolving calcium ions from the gastroliths. 8.4 An increase of the pHvalue inside the carcass, along the inner side of the carapace, caused by microbial activities during the putrefaction resulted in a precipitation of calcite clusters by previously dissolved calcium ions out of the cuticle layers and gastroliths.

FIGURE 7 in Calcite precipitation forms crystal clusters and muscle mineralization during the decomposition of Cambarellus diminutus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) in freshwater

FIGURE 7. Representative Raman spectra of a mineralized muscle of Cambarellus diminutus (sample C3tank) and observed crystal clusters compared to Raman reference spectra of crystalline calcite and apatite, taken from the RRUFF Raman data base (*R040170, #R060070, Laetsch and Downs, 2006). Raman spectra of the mineralized muscle as well as of the crystal cluster exhibit all main Raman bands typically observed in well crystallized calcite, including the lattice modes, which are absent in amorphous calcium carbonate (Wang et al., 2011).

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

Linked collectors and determiners for: Two new species of freshwater crayfish of the genus Faxonius (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Ozark Highlands of Arkansas and Missouri.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Two new species of freshwater crayfish of the genus Faxonius (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Ozark Highlands of Arkansas and Missouri". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/6c711c6e-5983-41a5-9ba0-133ac3e85f4a">https://bionomia.net/dataset/6c711c6e-5983-41a5-9ba0-133ac3e85f4a</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/6c711c6e-5983-41a5-9ba0-133ac3e85f4a">https://gbif.org/dataset/6c711c6e-5983-41a5-9ba0-133ac3e85f4a</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

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FIGURE 8 in Cambarus (Depressicambarus) clairitae, a new species of crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from Alabama with a review of the halli Group in the subgenus Depressicambarus

FIGURE 8. Antennal colors of: A. Cambarus clairitae, n. sp.; B. C. englishi; C. C. halli.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

FIGURE 32 in Review of crayfish color patterns in the Family Cambaridae (Astacoidea), with discussion of their possible importance

FIGURE 32. Highly contrasting color patterns of structures (arrows) in the family Parastacidae similar to contrasting color patterns seen the family Cambaridae. Represented are two species from different genera within the family Parastacidae, Euastacus claytoni and Cherax snowden. Photos by Chris Lukhaup.

FIGURE 30. Partial cladogram modified from Data Set 3 in Review of crayfish color patterns in the Family Cambaridae (Astacoidea), with discussion of their possible importance

FIGURE 30. Partial cladogram modified from Data Set 3 from Stern et al. 2017 showing Clades 4 & 5, with photos for comparison of color patterns between Cambarus aff. dubius and Cambarus gentryi.

FIGURE 26. Partial cladogram modified from Data Set 3 in Review of crayfish color patterns in the Family Cambaridae (Astacoidea), with discussion of their possible importance

FIGURE 26. Partial cladogram modified from Data Set 3 from Stern et al. (2017); showing two subclades A & B within the clade of the former subgenus Pennides in the genus Procambarus.

FIGURE 31 in Review of crayfish color patterns in the Family Cambaridae (Astacoidea), with discussion of their possible importance

FIGURE 31. Possible convergent evolution shown in the camouflage color patterns found in two species in different genera within the family Cambaridae, Barbicambarus cornutus and Cambarus rusticiformis with a species from the family Astacidae, Pacifastacus gambelii. Photo of Pacifastacus gambelii by Eric Larson.

FIGURE 24. Partial cladogram from Taylor & Knouft 2006 showing Clade B in Review of crayfish color patterns in the Family Cambaridae (Astacoidea), with discussion of their possible importance

FIGURE 24. Partial cladogram from Taylor & Knouft 2006 showing Clade B, and indicating that Faxonius wrighti, Faxonius erichsonianus, and Faxonius spinosus are closely related species, but were originally put into separate subgenera.

FIGURE 27 in Review of crayfish color patterns in the Family Cambaridae (Astacoidea), with discussion of their possible importance

FIGURE 27. Comparison of color patterns of Procambarus suttkusi and Procambarus spiculifer from Subclade A with the color patterns of Procambarus vioscai paynei and Procambarus versutus from Subclade B.

FIGURE 20 in Review of crayfish color patterns in the Family Cambaridae (Astacoidea), with discussion of their possible importance

FIGURE 20. Modified distribution map showing the distribution of Faxonius putnami and Faxonius spinosus before evaluation of color patterns (modified from Taylor 2000).

FIGURE 21 in Review of crayfish color patterns in the Family Cambaridae (Astacoidea), with discussion of their possible importance

FIGURE 21. Comparison of color patterns and mesial view of gonopods of Faxonius putnami from the Cumberland and Green rivers in Kentucky and Tennessee and formerly Faxonius putnami from the Tennessee River in northern Alabama.