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FIG. 13 in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil

FIG. 13. — Urohyal, ventral view. A, Cambeva diffusa n. sp.; B, Cambeva pericoh n. sp.; C, Cambeva imaruhy n. sp.; D, Cambeva orbitofrontalis n. sp.; E, Cambeva panthera n. sp.; F, Cambeva grisea n. sp.; G, Cambeva duplimaculata n. sp.; H, Cambeva longipalata n. sp.; I, Cambeva notabilis n. sp.; J, Cambeva urubici n. sp.

FIG. 12 in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil

FIG. 12. — Left suspensorium and opercular series, lateral view: A, Cambeva diffusa n. sp.; B, Cambeva pericoh n. sp.; C, Cambeva imaruhy n. sp.; D, Cambeva orbitofrontalis n. sp.; E, Cambeva panthera n. sp.; F, Cambeva grisea n. sp.; G, Cambeva duplimaculata n. sp.; H, Cambeva longipalata n. sp.; I, Cambeva notabilis n. sp.; J, Cambeva urubici n. sp. Abbreviations of structures indicated by arrows are: iac, interopercular anterior concavity; ppe, preopercular postero-dorsal expansion; odc, opercular dorsal constriction; odp, opercular dorsal process; ppp, parurohyal posterior process. Larger stippling represents cartilaginous areas.

FIG. 10. — Cambeva urubici n in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil

FIG. 10. — Cambeva urubici n. sp., UFRJ 6967, holotype, 65.6 mm SL: A, left lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view.

FIG. 9. — Cambeva notabilis n in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil

FIG. 9. — Cambeva notabilis n. sp., UFRJ 6965, holotype, 71.7 mm SL: A, left lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view.

FIG. 8. — Cambeva longipalata n in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil

FIG. 8. — Cambeva longipalata n. sp., UFRJ 6944, holotype, 86.0 mm SL: A, left lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view.

FIG. 7. — Cambeva duplimaculata n in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil

FIG. 7. — Cambeva duplimaculata n. sp., UFRJ 6949, holotype, 83.4 mm SL: A, left lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view.

FIG. 6. — Cambeva grisea n in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil

FIG. 6. — Cambeva grisea n. sp., UFRJ 6936, holotype, 43.1 mm SL: A, left lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view.

FIG. 5. — Cambeva panthera n in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil

FIG. 5. — Cambeva panthera n. sp., UFRJ 6984, holotype, 66.5 mm SL: A, left lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view.

FIG. 2. — Cambeva pericoh n in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil

FIG. 2. — Cambeva pericoh n. sp., UFRJ 6969, holotype, 97.3 mm SL: A, left lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view.

FIG. 1. — Cambeva diffusa n in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil

FIG. 1. — Cambeva diffusa n. sp., UFRJ 6968, holotype, 112.3 mm SL.: A, left lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view.

FIG. 14 in Field inventory reveals high diversity of new species of mountain catfishes, genus Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), in south-eastern Serra Geral, southern Brazil

FIG. 14. — Map of geographical distribution of Cambeva Katz, Barbosa, Mattos & Costa, 2018 in the southeastern nucleus of the Serra Geral (SESG), southern Brazil.

Fig. 5 in Two new remarkable and endangered catfish species of the genus Cambeva (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from southern Brazil

Fig. 5. Cambeva betabelardense sp. nov., holotype (UFRJ 6995), 42.7 mm SL. A. Left lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Ventral view.

Fig. 3 in Two new remarkable and endangered catfish species of the genus Cambeva (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from southern Brazil

Fig. 3. Map of geographical distribution of Cambeva alphabelardense sp. nov. and C. betabelardense sp. nov.

Fig. 1 in Two new remarkable and endangered catfish species of the genus Cambeva (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from southern Brazil

Fig. 1. Cambeva alphabelardense sp. nov., holotype (UFRJ 6990), 43.4 mm SL. A. Left lateral view. B. Dorsal view. C. Ventral view.

Fig. 2. Osteological structures. A–C in Two new remarkable and endangered catfish species of the genus Cambeva (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae) from southern Brazil

Fig. 2. Osteological structures. A–C. Cambeva alphabelardense sp. nov., paratype (UFRJ 6993). D–F. Cambeva betabelardense sp. nov., paratype (UFRJ 6996). A, D. Mesethmoidal region and adjacent structures, left and middle portions, dorsal view. B, E. Left jaw suspensorium and opercular series, lateral view. C, F. Parurohyal, ventral view. Abbreviations of structures indicated by arrows are: amp = anteroventral metapterygoid process; doe = dorsal opercular expansion; iap = anterior projection of interopercle. Heavier stippling represents cartilaginous areas. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 11 in Uncertainties and risks in delimiting species of Cambeva (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) with single-locus methods and geographically restricted data

FIGURE 11 | Bayesian phylogenetic tree of Cambeva species obtained from COI data. The vertical red line shows the coalescent branching process estimated by using the single-threshold model in the GMYC combination 4 (strict clock model vs. a coalescent constant population

FIGURE 7 in Uncertainties and risks in delimiting species of Cambeva (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) with single-locus methods and geographically restricted data

FIGURE 7 | Coloration pattern of Cambeva species. (A, B). Cambeva guaraquessaba, UFRGS 24554, 37.0 and 36.9 mm SL, respectively, tributary of Guaraqueçaba River basin, Paranaguá Bay. C–D. Cambeva tupinamba, UFRGS 24550, 63.0 mm SL and 39.4 mm SL, Betari River, Ribeira de Iguape River basin.

FIGURE 10 in Uncertainties and risks in delimiting species of Cambeva (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) with single-locus methods and geographically restricted data

FIGURE 10 | Variation on the coloration of Cambeva sp. 2 from (A–D) Tubarão River, UFRGS 24553, 66.1, 45.4, and 56.04, 52.1 mm SL, and (E, F) Araranguá River, UFRGS 22964, 61.1 and 60.7 mm SL, respectively, showing a unique color pattern that differs from other congeners in the study area: one layer of coloration composed of not coalescent round small blotches.

FIGURE 8 in Uncertainties and risks in delimiting species of Cambeva (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) with single-locus methods and geographically restricted data

FIGURE 8 | Coloration pattern of Cambeva zonata, (A–C) UFRGS 24538, (A) 51.1 mm SL, (B) 48.4 mm SL, Betari River, Ribeira de Iguape River basin, and (C) 41.4 mm SL.

FIGURE 9 in Uncertainties and risks in delimiting species of Cambeva (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) with single-locus methods and geographically restricted data

FIGURE 9 | ndividuals representing populations of Cambeva sp. 1 from distinct river drainages. (A) Maquiné River basin, UFRGS 22211, 58.6 mm SL, (B) Mampituba River basin, MCP 23623, 55.7 mm SL; and (C, D) Araranguá River basin, UFRGS 22962, 45.2 and 59.8 mm SL, respectively.