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30 results for “Camelus”
FIG. 2 in Relations between metatarsal proximal extremity parameters and weight and height at the withers of the dromedary (Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758) in the Sahraoui and Targui "breeds".
FIG. 2. — Principal component analysis (PCA), graphs for seven parameters per bone, 43 right metatarsal bones.A, graph of variables;B, scatterplot of individuals; C, 95% confidence ellipsis for breed; D, 95% confidence ellipsis for sex; E, 95% confidence ellipsis for breed and sex. Abbreviations: BpT, proximal width with T at the extremity for the metatarsal; BW, body weight; Dim, Factor of the PCA (Dim 1 = Factor 1, Dim 2 = Factor 2); DpT, proximal depth with T at the extremity for the metatarsal; F, female; GC, surface for the great cuneiform bone; HW, height at the withers; M, male; NC1, great cranial articular surface for the cuboid bone; NC2, little caudal articular surface for the cuboid bone; S, Sahraoui breed; SA, total proximal articular surface; SF, female Sahraoui; SM, male Sahraoui; T, Targui breed; TF, female Targui; TM, male Targui.
Explanation of Plate I. Figure 1.—Left tibia of Ornithomimus velox, Marsh; A, front view; b, distal end; c, transverse section. Figure 2.—Left metatarsals of same specimen; A, front view; b, proximal ends; c, transverse section; d, distal ends. Figure 3.—Phalanges of second digit of same foot; front view, a, first phalange; b, second phalange; c, third, or terminal phalange. Figure 4.—Left metacarpals of same species, perhaps of smaller individual; front view. Figure 5.—Left tibia of young Ostrich (Struthio camelus, Linn.); a, front view; b, distal end. The separate calcaneum was first observed by the writer's assistant, Dr. G-. Baur, who prepared the specimen. Figure 6.—Left metatarsals of young turkey (Meleagris gallipavo, Linn.); a, front view; b, proximal ends. a, astragalus; as, ascending process of astragalus; c, calcaneum; f, fibula; f' face for fibula; II, second metatarsal; III, third metatarsal; iv, fourth metatarsal. Figures 1-4 are one-third natural size, and figures 5 and 6, one-half natural size. in Description of new dinosaurian reptiles
Explanation of Plate I. Figure 1.—Left tibia of Ornithomimus velox, Marsh; A, front view; b, distal end; c, transverse section. Figure 2.—Left metatarsals of same specimen; A, front view; b, proximal ends; c, transverse section; d, distal ends. Figure 3.—Phalanges of second digit of same foot; front view, a, first phalange; b, second phalange; c, third, or terminal phalange. Figure 4.—Left metacarpals of same species, perhaps of smaller individual; front view. Figure 5.—Left tibia of young Ostrich (Struthio camelus, Linn.); a, front view; b, distal end. The separate calcaneum was first observed by the writer's assistant, Dr. G-. Baur, who prepared the specimen. Figure 6.—Left metatarsals of young turkey (Meleagris gallipavo, Linn.); a, front view; b, proximal ends. a, astragalus; as, ascending process of astragalus; c, calcaneum; f, fibula; f' face for fibula; II, second metatarsal; III, third metatarsal; iv, fourth metatarsal. Figures 1-4 are one-third natural size, and figures 5 and 6, one-half natural size.
FIG. 11 in Camelus thomasi Pomel, 1893 from the Pleistocene type-locality Tighennif (Algeria). Comparisons with modern Camelus
FIG. 11. — Bivariate plot of width of shaft vs length of the metatarsus of Camelus bactrianus Linnaeus, 1758, C. dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758 and C. thomasi Pomel, 1893 (Mp12 vs Mp1 of Martini et al. 2017).
FIG. 9 in Camelus thomasi Pomel, 1893 from the Pleistocene type-locality Tighennif (Algeria). Comparisons with modern Camelus
FIG. 9. — Bivariate plot of width of shaft vs length of the tibia of Camelus bactrianus Linnaeus, 1758, C. dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758 and C. thomasi Pomel, 1893 (Ti13 vs Ti3 of Martini et al. 2017).
FIG. 8 in Camelus thomasi Pomel, 1893 from the Pleistocene type-locality Tighennif (Algeria). Comparisons with modern Camelus
FIG. 8. — Camelus thomasi Pomel, 1893, Tighennif (Algeria):A, metapodials, from left to right metatarsals MNHN.F.TER1664, TER1690, and metacarpals TER1648, TER1681, and TER1652; B, right tibia TER1682; B1, lateral view; B2, proximal view; C, left astragalus TER1670; C1, anterior view; C2, plantar view; C3, medial view; C4, distal view; D, left calcaneus TER1666; D1, anterior view; D2, plantar view; D3, medial view; E, left cuboid 1982-5-60; E1, proximal view; E2, distal view; E3, medial view; F, right navicular TER1679; F1, proximal view; F2, distal view; F3, lateral view. Scale bar: A, B, 40 cm; 20 cm for all others.
FIG. 10 in Camelus thomasi Pomel, 1893 from the Pleistocene type-locality Tighennif (Algeria). Comparisons with modern Camelus
FIG. 10. — Bivariate plot of the widths of the cuboid facet vs navicular facet of the astragalus of Camelus bactrianus Linnaeus, 1758, C. dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758 and C. thomasi Pomel, 1893 (Ta15 vs Ta14 of Martini et al. 2017).
FIG. 7 in Camelus thomasi Pomel, 1893 from the Pleistocene type-locality Tighennif (Algeria). Comparisons with modern Camelus
FIG. 7. — Bivariate plot of depth vs thickness of the mandibular corpus of Camelus bactrianus Linnaeus, 1758, C. dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758 and C. thomasi Pomel, 1893 (M20 vs M15 of Martini et al. 2017).
FIG. 6 in Camelus thomasi Pomel, 1893 from the Pleistocene type-locality Tighennif (Algeria). Comparisons with modern Camelus
FIG. 6. — Bivariate plot of mesial vs distal widths of M2 of Camelus bactrianus Linnaeus, 1758, C. dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758 and C. thomasi Pomel, 1893 (Ds24 vs Ds25 of Martini et al. 2017).
FIG. 5 in Camelus thomasi Pomel, 1893 from the Pleistocene type-locality Tighennif (Algeria). Comparisons with modern Camelus
FIG. 5. — Bivariate plot of M2 mesial width vs length of molar row of Camelus bactrianus Linnaeus, 1758, C. dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758 and C. thomasi Pomel, 1893 (C34 vs Ds24 of Martini et al. 2017).
FIG. 3 in Camelus thomasi Pomel, 1893 from the Pleistocene type-locality Tighennif (Algeria). Comparisons with modern Camelus
FIG. 3. — Bivariate plot of cranial measurements of Camelus bactrianus Linnaeus, 1758, C. dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758 and C. thomasi Pomel, 1893 showing the position of the orbit (C24 vs C14 of Martini et al. 2017).
FIG. 2 in Camelus thomasi Pomel, 1893 from the Pleistocene type-locality Tighennif (Algeria). Comparisons with modern Camelus
FIG. 2. — Camelus thomasi Pomel, 1893, Tighennif (Algeria): A, maxilla MNHN.F.TER1816, occlusal view; B, maxilla with M1-M2 and tentatively associated M3, holotype no. 7236001; B1, right lateral view; B2, occlusal view; C, partial mandible 1900-27, dorsal view; D, partial mandible TER1688, dorsal view; E, partial mandible TER1686, dorsal view; F, mandible TER1683; F1, dorsal view; F2, lateral view; G, mandible TER1685; G1, dorsal view; G2, medial view. Holotype no. 7236001 (B) is housed in the Musée de Géologie (Algier); all others specimens are housed in the MNHN. Scale bar: F2, G2, 40 cm; 20 cm for all others.
FIG. 1 in Camelus thomasi Pomel, 1893 from the Pleistocene type-locality Tighennif (Algeria). Comparisons with modern Camelus
FIG. 1. — Camelus thomasi Pomel, 1893, Tighennif (Algeria), cranium, MNHN.F.TER1689: A, left lateral view; B, ventral view of the cranial basis (stereo); C, ventral view; D, dorsal view. Scale bar: 40 cm.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan of the Brain of a Ostrich (Struthio camelus)
<p>Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan of the Brain of a Ostrich (<i>Struthio camelus</i>) from http://braincatalogue.org/Ostrich</p>
Fossil and occurrence points of Rhinocerotidae, Elephantidae, Equus, and Camelus in China from the Pleistocene to the present
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Anatomy, ontogeny, and evolution of the archosaurian respiratory system: a case study on Alligator mississippiensis and Struthio camelus
<p>The avian lung is highly specialized and is both functionally and morphologically distinct from that of their closest extant relatives, the crocodilians. It is highly partitioned, with a unidirectionally ventilated and immobilized gas-exchanging lung, and fully decoupled, compliant, poorly vascularized ventilatory air-sacs. To understand the evolutionary history of the archosaurian (birds, crocodilians and their common ancestors) respiratory system, it is essential to determine which anatomical characteristics are shared between birds and crocodilians and the role these shared traits play in their respective respiratory biology. To begin to address this larger question, we examined the anatomy of the lung and bronchial tree of ten American alligators (<i>Alligator mississippiensis</i>) and eleven ostriches (<i>Struthio camelus</i>) across an ontogenetic series using traditional and micro-computed tomography (µCT), three-dimensional (3D) digital models, and morphometry. Intraspecific variation and left to right asymmetry were present in certain aspects of the bronchial tree of both taxa but was particularly evident in the cardiac (medial) region of the lungs of alligators and the caudal aspect of the bronchial tree in both species. The cross-sectional area of the primary bronchus at the level of the major secondary airways and cross-sectional area of ostia scaled either isometrically or negatively allometrically in alligators and isometrically or positively allometrically in ostriches with respect to body mass. Of fifteen lung metrics, five were significantly different between the alligator and ostrich, suggesting that these aspects of the lung are more interspecifically plastic in archosaurs. One metric, the distances between the carina and each of the major secondary airways, had minimal intraspecific or ontogenetic variation in both alligators and ostriches, and thus may be a conserved trait in both taxa. In contrast to previous descriptions, the 3D digital models and CT scan data demonstrate that the pulmonary diverticula pneumatize the axial skeleton of the ostrich directly from the gas-exchanging pulmonary tissues instead of the air sacs. Global and specific comparisons between the bronchial topography of the alligator and ostrich reveal multiple possible homologies, suggesting that certain structural aspects of the bronchial tree are likely conserved across Archosauria, and may have been present in the ancestral archosaurian lung.</p>
FIGURES 16. Diplodinium cameli f. cameli, f. monospinatum f. n. and f. bispinatum f. n in Forestomach ciliate Protozoa in Egyptian dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius)
FIGURES 16. Diplodinium cameli f. cameli, f. monospinatum f. n. and f. bispinatum f. n. Bar = 50 m. 1. Diplodinium cameli f. cameli from the right side. 2. Diplodinium cameli f. monospinatum f. n. from the left side. Note the very small spine approximately 5/6th of the distance from the anterior end. 3. Diplodinium cameli f. monospinatum f. n. from the left side. 46. Diplodinium cameli f. bispinatum f. n. All from the right side, showing variation in size of the ventral spine and shape of the cell.
FIGURES 4A–D. Adult male Cyphomella camelus. A. Wing, B in First records of three genera, Cyphomella Saether, 1977, Olecryptotendipes Zorina, 2007 and Robackia Saether, 1977 of the Harnischia complex from India with description of O. extentus sp. n., O. obtunsus sp. n. and R. aequilongia sp. n. (Diptera: Chironomidae)
FIGURES 4A–D. Adult male Cyphomella camelus. A. Wing, B. Hypopygium (dorsal), C. Hypopygium, scale 0.01 mm, D. Hypopygium (ventral).
On following pages 2 Llama (Lama glama). 3 Vıcuña (Vicugna vlcuana), 4 Alpaca (Vicugna paces') 5 Bacman Camel (Camelus bactnanus), 6 Dromodary Camel (Camelus dromedanus) in Camelidae
On following pages 2 Llama (Lama glama). 3 Vıcuña (Vicugna vlcuana), 4 Alpaca (Vicugna paces') 5 Bacman Camel (Camelus bactnanus), 6 Dromodary Camel (Camelus dromedanus)
FIGURES 9–11 in Ciliated Protozoan Fauna in the Forestomach of Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Libya
FIGURES 9–11. Photomicrographs of (9) E. simulans m. dubardi from the left side, (10) D. rangiferi from the right side, (11) E. ecaudatum m. ecaudatum from the left side, in MFS. CS: Caudal Spine, CP: Cytoproct, CV: Contractile Vacuole, MA: Macronucleus, MI: Micronucleus.
FIGURES 5–8 in Ciliated Protozoan Fauna in the Forestomach of Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Libya
FIGURES 5–8. SEM images of (5) Entodinium simulans m. dubardi, (6)–(7) Diplodinium cameli m. cameli, (8) D. cameli m. cameli in binary fission (arrowheads). ACZ: Adoral Ciliary Zone, AL: Adoral Lip, CP: Cytoproct, DCZ: Dorsal Ciliary Zone, DL: Dorsal Lip, O: Operculum, P: Pore of contractile vacuole.
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