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26 results for “Canis familiaris”
Figure 1 in A 19th Century New Ireland Dog, Canis familiaris novaehiberniae Lesson, 1827 and the Status of Canis hallstromi Troughton, 1957
Figure 1. Map of New Guinea region showing colonial territories in the late 1800s and type localities of: (1) Canis familiaris novaehiberniae Lesson, 1827a, New Ireland; (2) C. f. papuensis Ramsay, 1879, unspecified, southeastern New Guinea; and (3) C. hallstromi Troughton, 1957, Lavani Valley, Southern Highlands District.
Data from: Audio-visual crossmodal correspondences in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris)
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Data from: Ecology of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) as a host for Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis) infection in Ethiopia
<p>The global programme for the eradication of Guinea worm disease, caused by the parasitic nematode <i>Dracunculus medinensis</i>, has been successful in driving down human cases, but infections in non-human animals, particularly domestic dogs (<i>Canis familiaris</i>), now present a major obstacle to further progress. Dog infections have mainly been found in Chad and, to a lesser extent in Mali and Ethiopia. While humans classically acquire infection by drinking water containing infected copepods, it has been hypothesised that dogs might additionally or alternatively acquire infection via a novel pathway, such as consumption of fish or frogs as possible transport or paratenic hosts. We characterised the ecology of free-ranging dogs living in three villages in Gog woreda, Gambella region, Ethiopia in April–May 2018. We analysed their exposure to potential sources of Guinea worm infection, and investigated risk factors associated with infection histories. The home ranges of 125 dogs and their activity around water sources were described using GPS tracking, and the diets of 119 dogs were described using stable isotope analysis. Unlike in Chad, where Guinea worm infection is most frequent, we found no ecological or behavioural correlates of infection history in dogs in Ethiopia. Unlike in Chad, there was no effect of variation among dogs in their consumption of aquatic vertebrates (fish or frogs) on their infection history, and we found no evidence to support hypotheses for this novel transmission pathway in Ethiopia. Dog owners had apparently increased the frequency of clean water provision to dogs in response to previous infections. Variations in dog ranging behaviour, owner behaviour and the characteristics of natural water bodies all influenced the exposure of dogs to potential sources of infection. This initial study suggests that the classical transmission pathway should be a focus of attention for Guinea worm control in non-human animals in Ethiopia.</p>
Spatial and temporal dynamics of space use by free-ranging domestic dogs Canis familiaris in rural Africa
<p>Variation in the spatial ecology of animals influences the transmission of infections and so understanding host behaviour can improve the control of diseases. Despite the global distribution of free-ranging domestic dogs <i>Canis familiaris</i> and their role as reservoirs for zoonotic diseases, little is known about the dynamics of their space use. We deployed GPS loggers on free-ranging dogs from six villages in rural Chad, and tracked the movements of 174 individuals in the dry season and 151 in the wet season. We calculated 95% and core home ranges using auto-correlated kernel density estimates (AKDE<sub>95</sub> and AKDE<sub>core</sub>), determined the degree to which their movements were predictable, and identified correlates of movement patterns. The median AKDE<sub>95 </sub>range in the dry season was 0.54km<sup>2</sup> and in the wet season was 0.31km<sup>2</sup>, while the median AKDE<sub>core </sub>range in the dry season was 0.08km<sup>2</sup> and in the wet season was 0.04km<sup>2</sup>. Seasonal variation was, in part, related to owner activities. Dogs from hunting households had ranges that were five times larger in the dry season. At least 70% of individuals were more predictably 'at home' (<50m from the household) throughout the day in the dry season. 80% of dogs demonstrated periodicity in activity levels (speed) and just over half the dogs exhibited periodicity in location (repeated space use). In the wet season, dogs mostly exhibited 24-hour cycles in activity and location, with peaks at midday. In the dry season, dogs exhibited both 12 and 24-hour cycles, with either a single peak at midday, or one peak between 6am and 12 noon and a second between 6 and 10pm. Strategies to control canine-mediated zoonoses can be improved by tailoring operations to the local spatial ecology of free-ranging dogs. Interventions using a door-to-door strategy in rural Chad would best conduct operations during the dry season, when access to dogs around their household more reliably exceeds 70% throughout the day. Given the importance of use in hunting for explaining variation in dog space-use, targeting approaches to disease control at the household level on the basis of owner activities offers potential to improve access to dogs.</p>
Ecology of domestic dogs Canis familiaris as an emerging reservoir of Guinea worm Dracunculus medinensis infection
<p>Global eradication of human Guinea worm<i> </i>disease (dracunculiasis) has been set back by the emergence of infections in animals, particularly domestic dogs <i>Canis familiaris</i>. The ecology and epidemiology of this reservoir is unknown. We tracked dogs using GPS, inferred diets using stable isotope analysis and analysed correlates of infection in Chad, where numbers of Guinea worm infections are greatest. Dogs had small ranges that varied markedly among villages. Diets consisted largely of human staples and human faeces. A minority of ponds, mostly <200 m from dog-owning households, accounted for most dog exposure to potentially unsafe water. The risk of a dog having had Guinea worm was reduced in dogs living in households providing water for animals but increased with increasing fish consumption by dogs. Provision of safe water might reduce dog exposure to unsafe water, while prioritisation of proactive temephos (Abate®) application to the small number of ponds to which dogs have most access is recommended. Fish might have an additional role as transport hosts for Guinea worm, by concentrating copepods infected with worm larvae.</p>
Data from: Functionally analogous body- and animacy-responsive areas in the dog (Canis familiaris) and human occipito-temporal lobe
<p>Comparing the neural correlates of socio-cognitive skills across species provides insights into the evolution of the social brain and has revealed face- and body-sensitive regions in the primate temporal lobe. Although from a different lineage, dogs share convergent visuo-cognitive skills with humans and a temporal lobe which evolved independently in carnivores. We investigated the neural correlates of face and body perception in dogs (<em>N </em>= 15) and humans (<em>N</em> = 40) using functional MRI. Combining univariate and multivariate analysis approaches, we found functionally analogous occipito-temporal regions involved in the perception of animate entities and bodies in both species and face-sensitive regions in humans. Though unpredicted, we also observed neural representations of faces compared to inanimate objects, and dog compared to human bodies in dog olfactory regions. These findings shed light on the evolutionary foundations of human and dog social cognition and the predominant role of the temporal lobe.</p> <p>This data set contains:</p> <ul> <li>raw functional neuroimaging data of <em>N</em> = 15 dogs</li> <li>structural scans of the same dogs incl. brain masks & skull-stripped versions</li> <li>files containing the condition names, onsets and durations for each dog and task run</li> <li>files containing the motion regressors incl. motion scrubbing for each dog and task run</li> </ul> <p>Data of the comparative human neuroimaging sample will be made available by the first author upon reasonable request.</p> <p>Please also visit our Open Science Framework project site for detailed sample descriptives and group-level imaging data of both species (<a href="https://osf.io/kzcs2/">https://osf.io/kzcs2/</a>).</p>
Data for: Representation of rewards differing in their hedonic valence in the caudate nucleus correlates with the performance in a problem-solving task in dogs (Canis familiaris)
<p>Abstract</p> <p>We have investigated dogs’ (<em>Canis familiaris</em>) abilities in associating different sounds with food rewards of different incentive value. The establishment of the association was tested in a problem-solving behavioural paradigm, as well as in an fMRI study on the same subjects (N=20). The aim was to show behavioural, as well as parallel neural effects of the association formation between the two sounds and two different associated food rewards.<br> The latency of solving the problem was considered as an indicator of motivational state. In our behaviour study we found that dogs were quicker in solving a problem upon hearing the sound associated with food higher in reward value, suggesting that they have successfully associated the sounds with the corresponding food value. In the fMRI study, the cerebral response to the two sounds was compared both before and after the associative training. Two bilateral regions of interest were explored: the caudate nucleus and the amygdala. After the associative training the response in the caudate nucleus was higher to the sound related to a higher reward value food than to the sound related to a lower reward value food, which difference was not present before the associative training. We found an increase in the amygdala response to both sounds after the training. In a whole-brain representational similarity analysis, we found that cerebral patterns in the caudate nucleus to the two sounds were different only after the training. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between the dissimilarity index in the caudate nucleus for activation responses to the two sounds and the difference in latencies to solve the behavioural task: the quicker the dog solved the behavioural task the greater the difference in the neural representation of the two sounds was. In summary, family dogs’ brain activation patterns reflected their expectations based on what they learned about the relationship between two sounds and their associated rewards.</p> <p>This dataset contains</p> <ul> <li>Raw data (four functional runs n = 20)</li> <li>Dog brain template</li> <li>ROI results (Caudate nucleus and amygdala percentage of BOLD signal change and caudate nucleus response to sounds during the two post-training runs adding or not the Inter-scan interval as a covariate in the GLM model n = 20,)</li> <li>RSA results ( Dissimilarity change between sounds (post-training > pre-training) and dissimilarity index per participant n = 20)</li> </ul>
Diets of the introduced domestic cat (Felis catus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and dingo (Canis familiaris) in Australia
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Spatial and temporal dynamics of space use by free-ranging domestic dogs Canis familiaris in rural Africa
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Data from: Ecology of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) as a host for Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis) infection in Ethiopia
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Domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) recognise meaningful content in monotonous streams of read speech
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Ecology of domestic dogs Canis familiaris as an emerging reservoir of Guinea worm Dracunculus medinensis infection
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Data from: Social facilitation can impact the responses of free-ranging dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) towards physical cognitive tasks
<p><span>Dogs are known to persist less in problem-solving tasks independently. While most of the studies so far have reported results based on experiments in pet dogs, conclusive evidence from free-ranging subpopulations is lacking. Free-ranging dogs are primarily scavengers and require problem-solving abilities to survive. We provided dogs with a familiar or an unfamiliar task in the presence of conspecifics. Both the tasks provided a single food-reward upon solving. We coded success, latency, and the duration of active engagement of the dogs in this study. We compared them with an earlier published dataset where individual dogs were tested in identical experimental set-ups. Our findings show that dogs have higher success rates in both the familiar and unfamiliar tasks when tested in the presence of conspecifics than when alone, suggesting a role of social facilitation. Furthermore, the presence of conspecifics facilitated dogs to approach faster and engage longer in the unfamiliar task than when tested alone. We provide the first evidence that social facilitation may play a crucial role in free-ranging dogs, especially in the context of problem-solving. </span></p>
Data from: High-resolution contact networks of free-ranging domestic dogs Canis familiaris and implications for transmission of infection
Contact patterns strongly influence the dynamics of disease transmission in both human and non-human animal populations. Domestic dogs Canis familiaris are a social species and are a reservoir for several zoonotic infections, yet few studies have empirically determined contact patterns within dog populations. Using high-resolution proximity logging technology, we characterised the contact networks of free-ranging domestic dogs from two settlements (n = 108 dogs, covering >80% of the population in each settlement) in rural Chad. We used these data to simulate the transmission of an infection comparable to rabies and investigated the effects of including observed contact heterogeneities on epidemic outcomes. We found that dog contact networks displayed considerable heterogeneity, particularly in the duration of contacts and that the network had communities that were highly correlated with household membership. Simulations using observed contact networks had smaller epidemic sizes than those that assumed random mixing, demonstrating the unsuitability of homogenous mixing models in predicting epidemic outcomes. When contact heterogeneities were included in simulations, the network position of the individual initially infected had an important effect on epidemic outcomes. The risk of an epidemic occurring was best predicted by the initially infected individual's ranked degree, while epidemic size was best predicted by the individual's ranked eigenvector centrality. For dogs in one settlement, we found that ranked eigenvector centrality was correlated with range size. Our results demonstrate that observed heterogeneities in contacts are important for the prediction of epidemiological outcomes in free-ranging domestic dogs. We show that individuals presenting a higher risk for disease transmission can be identified by their network position and provide evidence that observable traits hold potential for informing targeted disease management strategies.
A catalog of genes, genomes and species of the dog (Canis lupus familiaris) intestinal microbiota
<p></p><h1>Data sources</h1><br>This dataset was constructed using metagenomic sequencing data from the bioproject PRJEB20308 from Coelho et al. 2018 (129 samples)<br><h1>Metagenomic assembly</h1><br>First, sequencing adapters removal and read trimming was performed with fastp. Reads mapped on the host genome (ROS_Cfam_1.0 GCF_014441545.1) with bowtie2 were removed with samtools. Finally, Metagenomic assembly was performed with metaSPAdes. Contigs of less than 1500 bp were removed.<br><h1>MAGs recovery</h1><br>MAGs were generated with COMEBin (multi-coverage mode) and MAGs quality was assessed with CheckM2. MAGs with completeness < 70% or contamination > 5% or N50 < 5Kb were discarded. Pairwise Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) was computed for all recovered MAGs with fastANI and dereplication at species level (ANI cutoff = 95%).<br><h1>Non-redundant gene catalog</h1><br>Genes were predicted on all contigs from metagenomic assemblies with Prodigal (parameters : -m -p meta). Genes were pooled and clustered with cd-hit-est (parameters -c 0.95 -aS 0.90 -G 0 -d 0 -M 0 -T 0) by choosing those from the longest contigs as representatives.<br><h1>MSPs recovery</h1><br>Reads were aligned against the non-redundant gene catalog with the Meteor software suite to produce a raw gene abundance table (1,0M genes quantified in 129 samples). Then, co-abundant genes were binned in 234 Metagenomic Species Pan-genomes (MSPs, i.e. gene clusters that likely belong to the same microbial species) using MSPminer.<br><h1>MAGs and MSPs taxonomic annotation</h1><br>Dereplicated MAGs were annotated with GTDB-Tk based on GTDB r220. Then, MAGs taxonomic annotation was propagated to the corresponding MSPs.<br><h1>Construction of the phylogenetic tree</h1><br>39 universal phylogenetic markers genes were extracted from the dereplicated MAGs with fetchMGs. Then, the markers were separately aligned with MUSCLE. The 40 alignments were merged and trimmed with trimAl (parameters: -automated1). Finally, the phylogenetic tree was computed with FastTreeMP (parameters: -gamma -pseudo -spr -mlacc 3 -slownni).<h1>Mapping rate distribution across public cohorts</h1>We generated mapping rate distribution plots using Meteor2 (default parameters), comparing performance between: PRJEB20308 (cohort used in catalogue assembly) and PRNJNA714112 (independent cohort not used in assembly).<p></p>
A promising novel judgment bias test to evaluate affective states in dogs (Canis familiaris)
<p>Datasets generated and analysed during the current study.</p>
Data from: High-resolution contact networks of free-ranging domestic dogs Canis familiaris and implications for transmission of infection
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Data from: Social facilitation can impact the responses of free-ranging dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) towards physical cognitive tasks
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Detection histories for Lycalopex griseus, Lycalopex culpaeus, Leopardus guigna, and Canis familiaris and habitat destruction covariate data for Los Lagos Chile (2019)
<p>In an increasingly anthropogenic world, species face multiple interacting threats. Habitat fragmentation and domestic dogs are two perturbations threatening terrestrial mammals globally. Our aim was to determine if (1) the spatial use of domestic dogs increases with habitat destruction and (2) whether domestic dogs and habitat destruction drive the spatial use of native carnivores in a heavily degraded agricultural landscape in the central valley/Andean foothills transition of Los Lagos, Chile.</p> <p>We implemented a camera trap survey in a fragmented landscape comprised of native forest patches amidst a matrix of pastureland. We used single-species occupancy models to assess the impact of domestic dogs and habitat destruction on three mesocarnivores – the foxes, culpeo (<i>Lycalopex culpaeus</i>) and chilla (<i>Lycalopex griseus</i>) and the wild cat güiña (<i>Leopardus guigna</i>). Additionally, we compared temporal overlap of all study species (including domestic dogs).</p> <p>Detection rates for both the foxes increased with domestic dog occupancy, while factors driving occupancy differed for each of the native species. We found that a 12% projected increase in domestic dog occupancy negatively impacted the spatial use of the culpeo. Habitat loss and fragmentation were positive drivers for chilla and domestic dog occupancy. The güiña did not respond to fragmentation and other habitat covariates or domestic dog occupancy. All native carnivore species were primarily nocturnal, while the domestic dog was almost entirely diurnal.</p>
Detection histories for Lycalopex griseus, Lycalopex culpaeus, Leopardus guigna, and Canis familiaris and habitat destruction covariate data for Los Lagos Chile (2019)
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