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Fig. 2. Male P in Protostrongylus caprae Zdzitowiecki et Boev, 1971 (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) - First record in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex Linnaeus, 1758) from Europe

Fig. 2. Male P. caprae from an Alpine ibex from Austria: a) Dorsolateral view of copulatory bursa: 1 — dorsal ray, 2 — exterodorsal ray, 3 — postero-lateral and medio-lateral rays, 4 — antero-lateral ray, 5 — ventral rays. b) Two symmetrical parts of copulatory bursa: 1 — dorsal ray, 2 — exterodorsal ray, 3 — postero-lateral and medio-lateral rays, 4 — anterolateral ray, 5 — ventral rays. (original pictures).

Fig. 1. Male P in Protostrongylus caprae Zdzitowiecki et Boev, 1971 (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) - First record in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex Linnaeus, 1758) from Europe

Fig. 1. Male P. caprae from an Alpine ibex from Austria: a) Ventral view: 1 — spicules, 2 —gubernaculum, 3 — copulatory bursa. b) Dorsal view: 1 — lateral alae, 2 — telamon. (original pictures).

Fig. 5. Male P in Protostrongylus caprae Zdzitowiecki et Boev, 1971 (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) - First record in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex Linnaeus, 1758) from Europe

Fig. 5. Male P. caprae from an Alpine ibex from Austria: a) Parts of gubernaculum: 1 — capitulum, 2 — proximal parts of corpus, 3 — distal parts of corpus, 4 — crura. b) Crura of gubernaculum. (original pictures).

Fig. 5 in Capra ibex (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

Fig. 5.—Two adult male Capra ibex in a low stretch position next to an adult female in Valnontey, Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy, December 1998. Photograph courtesy of Stefano Unterthiner.

Fig. 4 in Capra ibex (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

Fig. 4.—Two adult male Capra ibex fighting in Valnontey, Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy, December 1998. Photograph courtesy of Stefano Unterthiner.

Fig. 3 in Capra ibex (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

Fig. 3.—Distribution of Capra ibex in southern Europe: hatching represents current distribution and the cross-hatched area indicates the only surviving population in the 19th century (adapted from Shackleton 1997).

Fig. 2 in Capra ibex (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

Fig. 2.—Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of cranium and lateral view of mandible of an adult male Capra ibex (British Museum [Natural History] specimen 79.11.21.491). Occipitonasal length is 220 mm but a portion of the premaxilla is absent.

Fig. 1 in Capra ibex (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)

Fig. 1.—Adult male Capra ibex lip-curling at an adult female in Valnontey, Gran Paradiso National Park, Italy, December 1998. Photograph courtesy of Stefano Unterthiner.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

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Monitoring wildlife population trends with sample counts: A case study on the Alpine ibex (Capra ibex)

Monitoring population dynamics is of fundamental importance in conservation but assessing trends in abundance can be costly, especially in large and rough areas. Obtaining trend estimations from counts performed in only a portion of the total area (sample counts) can be a cost-effective method to improve the monitoring and conservation of species difficult to count. We tested the effectiveness of sample counts in monitoring population trends of wild animals, using as a model population the Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) in the Gran Paradiso National Park (Italy), both with computer simulations and using historical count data collected over the last 65 years. Despite sample counts failed to correctly estimate the true population abundance, sampling half of the target area could reliably monitor the trend of the target population. In case of strong changes in abundance, an even lower proportion of the total area could be sufficient to identify the direction of the population trend. However, when there is a high yearly trend variability, the required number of samples increases and even counting in the entire area can be ineffective to detect population trends. The effect of other parameters, such as which portion of the area is sampled and detectability, was lower, but these should be tested case by case. Sample counts could therefore constitute a viable alternative to assess population trends, allowing for important, cost-effective improvements in the monitoring of wild animals of conservation interest.

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Monitoring wildlife population trends with sample counts: A case study on the Alpine ibex (Capra ibex)

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publicOct 2023View details →

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Fig. 6. Female P in Protostrongylus caprae Zdzitowiecki et Boev, 1971 (Nematoda: Protostrongylidae) - First record in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex Linnaeus, 1758) from Europe

Fig. 6. Female P. caprae from an Alpine ibex from Austria: 1 — anus, 2 —provagina, 3 — vulva.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

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Identifying the environmental drivers of corridors and predicting connectivity between seasonal ranges in multiple populations of Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) as tools for conserving migration

# GPS locations of Alpine ibex This dataset contains migratory tracks of Alpine ibex identified using the application Migration Mapper (https://migrationinitiative.org/content/migration-mapper) and used in the work Identifying the environmental drivers of corridors and predicting connectivity between seasonal ranges in multiple populations of Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) as tools for conserving migration # Dataset structure Each row of the dataset represents a GPS location with its coordinates contained in the x (longitude) and y(latitude) columns. Coordinates are given in wgs84 (epsg 4326). The column t1_ informs on the date and time the location was recorded. The id and pop columns provide information about the identity of the animal and the population to which it belongs.

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Genetic evidence of a hybrid swarm between Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) and domestic goat (C. hircus)

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publicJul 2024View details →

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Heterozygosity-fitness correlation at the major histocompatibility complex despite low variation in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex)

Crucial for the long-term survival of wild populations is their ability to fight diseases. Disease outbreaks can lead to severe population size reductions, which makes endangered and reintroduced species especially vulnerable. In vertebrates, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) plays an important role in determining the immune response. Species which went through severe bottlenecks, often show very low levels of genetic diversity at the MHC. Due to the known link between the MHC and immune response, such species are expected to be at particular risk in case of disease outbreaks. However, so far, only few studies have shown that low MHC diversity is correlated with increased disease susceptibility in species after severe bottlenecks. We investigated genetic variation at the MHC and its correlations with disease resistance and other fitness related traits in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex), a wild goat species that underwent a strong bottleneck in the last century and that is known to have extremely low genetic variability, both genome-wide and at the MHC. We studied MHC variation in male ibex of Gran Paradiso National Park, the population used as source for all post-bottleneck reintroductions. We found that individual MHC heterozygosity (based on six microsatellites) was not correlated with genome-wide neutral heterozygosity. MHC heterozygosity, but not genome-wide heterozygosity, was positively correlated with resistance to infectious kerato-conjunctivitis and with body mass. Our results show that genetic variation at the MHC plays an important role in disease resistance and, hence, should be taken into account for successfully managing species conservation.

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On following pages: 180. Iberian Ibex (Capra pyrenaica); 181. Nubian Ibex (Capra nubiana); 182. Walia Ibex (Capra walie); 183. Alpine Ibex (Capra ibex); 184. Siberian Ibex (Capra sibirica); 185. Kuban Tur (Capra caucasica); 186. Daghestan Tur (Capra cylindricornis). in Bovidae

On following pages: 180. Iberian Ibex (Capra pyrenaica); 181. Nubian Ibex (Capra nubiana); 182. Walia Ibex (Capra walie); 183. Alpine Ibex (Capra ibex); 184. Siberian Ibex (Capra sibirica); 185. Kuban Tur (Capra caucasica); 186. Daghestan Tur (Capra cylindricornis).

opennotspecifiedAug 2011View details →

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Challenges of copro-parasitological surveys in wild Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) populations addressed through a combination of molecular and statistical tools

Copro-parasitological surveys in wildlife face challenges due to the secretive nature of many species and the unknown performance of the diagnostic tests employed. To overcome these issues, we used a combination of hierarchical models (site-occupancy and N-mixture models) applied to copro-parasitological data obtained from faecal samples assigned to the host species by molecular methods in the Iberian ibex in north-western Iberian Peninsula. The aims were to compare the performance of four diagnostic tests (Mini-FLOTAC, McMaster, Willis flotation, and natural sedimentation) and to use this methodological approach (molecular analysis with hierarchical models) to better estimate positivity proportion and shedding intensity in a wild ibex population. Pooled faecal samples were collected, and those confirmed by molecular analyses to be the host species in question were included in the study. Hierarchical models confirmed different performances of each diagnostic test, with Mini-FLOTAC showing higher sensitivity for eimeriid coccidia, Willis flotation (for proportion positive) and McMaster (for shedding intensity) in gastrointestinal Strongylida, and equal performance of MiniFlotac/Willis flotation (for proportion positive) and MiniFlotac/McMaster (for shedding intensity) in Moniezia spp. This study employed a combination of molecular and statistical methods that improved the estimates of prevalence and shedding intensity and allowed us to compare the performance of four diagnostic tests while assessing the effect of covariates. Such improvements are critical to enhancing inference in non-invasive wildlife copro-parasitological studies.

publicMay 2023View details →

Challenges of copro-parasitological surveys in wild Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica) populations addressed through a combination of molecular and statistical tools

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