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435 results for “Carabids”
Distance functions of carabids in crop fields depend on functional traits, crop type and adjacent habitat: a synthesis
<p>Natural pest and weed regulation are essential for agricultural production, but the spatial distribution of natural enemies within crop fields and its drivers are mostly unknown. Using 28 datasets comprising 1,204 study sites across eight Western and Central European countries, we performed a quantitative synthesis of carabid richness, activity densities and functional traits in relation to field edges (i.e. distance functions). We show for the first time that distance functions of carabids strongly depend on carabid functional traits, crop type and, to a lesser extent, adjacent non-crop habitats. Richness of both predators and granivores and activity densities of small and granivorous species decreased towards field interiors, whereas the densities of large species increased. We found strong distance decays in maize and vegetables whereas richness and densities remained more stable in cereals, oilseed crops and legumes. We conclude that carabid assemblages in agricultural landscapes are driven by the complex interplay of crop types, adjacent non-crop habitats and further landscape parameters with great potential for targeted agroecological management. In particular, our synthesis indicates that a higher edge-interior ratio can counter the distance decay of carabid richness per field and thus likely benefits natural pest and weed regulation, hence contributing to agricultural sustainability.</p>
Data for: Specialist carabids in mixed montane forests are positively associated with biodiversity-oriented forestry and abundance of roe deer
<p>The ongoing transition within forest management towards more biodiversity-oriented practices, such as close-to-nature forestry and retention forestry, may benefit forest fauna such as forest-specialized ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae). However, it remains unclear how forest carabids are jointly affected by these practices in Central European montane forests, which host particularly sensitive, range-restricted carabid species, and where biodiversity-oriented forestry is widely applied. Moreover, roe deer (<em>Capreolus capreolus</em>), the most common large herbivore in these forests, is intensively managed to reduce browsing pressure, but it is yet unknown how this may affect carabids, alongside the effect of silviculture. On 66 1-ha plots in the Black Forest region of Germany, we sampled carabids with pitfall traps, measured roe deer abundances using camera trapping, and measured several structural variables directly related to close-to-nature and retention practices, as well as variables describing microclimate and landscape-level forest cover. We found that the carabid assemblage was dominated by forest specialists, with little influence from fragmentation of the surrounding forest. Higher broadleaf share (and canopy cover for montane specialists) was correlated with higher carabid activity-density. Increasing stand maturity (and lying deadwood volume for montane specialists), was correlated with higher species richness. Plots with higher roe deer abundances showed higher carabid richness and activity-density. Assemblage composition changed along the altitudinal gradient, and both richness and activity-density increased with elevation. Thus, carabid communities, including montane specialists and several species of conservation interest, stand to benefit from close-to-nature and retention practices, if applied throughout the altitude range of montane forests. Forest carabids may additionally profit from maintaining higher roe deer abundances, but further research is needed to understand this causal link, as well as to weigh the costs and benefits of deer culling for forest biodiversity.</p>
Fig. 3 in Role of urban forests as a source of diversity of carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in urbanised areas
Fig. 3. DCA ordination diagram of ecological groups of Carabidae (Eu – eurytopic species, Fo – forest-related sp., OA – open-area-related sp., Pb – peatbog-related sp., H – hygrophilic sp., Mh – mesohygrophilic sp., M – mesophilic sp., Mxe – mesoxerophilic sp., Xe – xerophilic sp., Ph – phytophages, Hz – hemizoophages, Lz – large zoophages, Mz – medium zoophages, Sz – small zoophages, Au – autumn breeders, Sp – spring breeders, ab – abundance, r – richness, "- trap in the site A, %- trap in the site B, %- trap in the site C).
Fig. 2 in Role of urban forests as a source of diversity of carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in urbanised areas
Fig. 2. RDA ordination diagram of the relationship between species dominance of Carabidae and environmental variables (presence of deciduous and coniferous trees, soil cover, anthropopressure, humidity)
Fig. 2 in Carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) diversity in agricultural and post-agricultural areas in relation to the surrounding habitats
Fig. 2. Ordination plot based on correspondence analysis (CA) of carabid species (triangles) and study sites (circles).
Fig. 2 in Carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) distribution in a rural landscape based on habitat diversity and habitat characteristics
Fig. 2. Cluster analysis of the results (individual years separated) based on Euclidian distance as distance measure and agglomeration according to Ward. Numbers indicate the percentage of replicates where each node is still supported (Hammer 2012)
Fig. 3 in Carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) distribution in a rural landscape based on habitat diversity and habitat characteristics
Fig. 3. Ordination plot based on correspondence analysis (CA) of the results (individual years separated) for study sites (open circles) and species (open triangles)
Fig. 5 in Carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) distribution in a rural landscape based on habitat diversity and habitat characteristics
Fig. 5. Ordination plot based on correspondence analysis (CA) of the results (years for the study sites pooled) for study sites (open circles) and species (open triangles)
Fig. 1 in Carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) distribution in a rural landscape based on habitat diversity and habitat characteristics
Fig. 1. Scheme of the research object "Krzywda" (a) and location of the study sites (1-6) (b) (After Bùaszkiewicz & Schwerk (2013), modified).
Fig. 4 in Carabid beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) distribution in a rural landscape based on habitat diversity and habitat characteristics
Fig. 4. Cluster analysis of the results (years for the study sites pooled) based on Euclidian distance as distance measure and agglomeration according to Ward. Numbers indicate the percentage of replicates where each node is still supported (Hammer 2012)
Fig. 3 in Effects Of Leaf-Litter Addition On Carabid Beetles In A Non-Native Norway Spruce Plantation
Fig. 3. Seasonal dynamics of the average number of individuals per trap for the two species (± S. E.)
Fig. 1 in Effects Of Leaf-Litter Addition On Carabid Beetles In A Non-Native Norway Spruce Plantation
Fig. 1. Ordination (NMDS) of the pitfall catches based on the Bray-Curtis similarity index. ¡: Traps of the control plots and l: Traps of the leaf-litter plots
Fig. 1 in Individual Movement Of Large Carabids As A Link For Activity Density Patterns In Various Forestry Treatments
Fig. 1. Mean activity density of Carabus scheidleri (a) and C. coriaceus (b) per sampling plot in different for- estry treatments (C = control, CC = clear-cutting, P = preparation cut- ting) between 2014 and 2018. Verti- cal lines represent a 95% confidence interval and capital letters above bars indicate significant differences based on Tukey's multiple compari- sons of means
Fig. 2 in Individual Movement Of Large Carabids As A Link For Activity Density Patterns In Various Forestry Treatments
Fig. 2. Movements of Carabus scheidleri (a) within and between forestry treatments (C = control, CC = clear-cutting, P = preparation cutting) based on CMR. The number next to the arrow corresponds with the number of recorded movements. Individual trajectories of radio-tracked C. coriaceus (b) in the experimental area, black dots represent the first release point for each trajectory
FIGURE 50 in Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Broscini (Coleoptera: Carabidae).
FIGURE 50. Chart illustrating the co-occurence (syntopy) of broscine species in samples from the same habitats and at the same sites in the Gaoligong Shan region. Incidents of syntopy marked in black represent confirmed co-occurrence, those marked in grey not confirmed by records but likely.
FIGURE 49 in Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Broscini (Coleoptera: Carabidae).
FIGURE 49. Chart illustrating the altitudinal ranges of broscine species represented in the Gaoligong Shan region. Green bars mark the elevational range recorded for each species.
FIGURE 48 in Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Broscini (Coleoptera: Carabidae).
FIGURE 48. Chart showing the representation of broscine species in project-designated Core Areas (see Fig. 3) in the Gaoligong Shan region.
FIGURE 47 in Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Broscini (Coleoptera: Carabidae).
FIGURE 47. Map showing approximate known overall geographical distributions of broscine species occurring in the Gaoligong Shan region as well as outside the study area. a. Broscus punctatus (Dejean); b. Eobroscus bhutanensis Morvan; c. Broscosoma ribbei Putzeys; d. Broscosoma holomarginatum sp. nov. Modified from Wikimedia Commons, World Atlas of the World, at URL: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/Whole_world_-_land_and_oceans_12000.jpg. Scale line = 500 k
FIGURE 46 in Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Broscini (Coleoptera: Carabidae).
FIGURE 46. Photographs of habitats for broscine species in the Gaoligong Shan region. a. Siran Wang, 0.2 km above confluence with Dulong Jiang, 1720 m, 28.013°/ E098.321º, Dulongjiang Township, Gongshan County, Yunnan (habitat for Broscosoma resbecqi sp. nov.); b. Nankang Yakou, 2130 m, 24.828°/98.767°, Longyang County, Yunnan (habitat for Broscosoma ribbei Putzeys and Broscus punctatus (Dejean). Photos by David H. Kavanaugh.
FIGURE 45 in Inventory of the Carabid Beetle Fauna of the Gaoligong Mountains, Western Yunnan Province, China: Species of the Tribe Broscini (Coleoptera: Carabidae).
FIGURE 45. Photographs of habitats for Broscosoma species in the Gaoligong Shan region. a. Snowmelt stream on north-facing slope above North Fork of Yamu He, 8.5 km W of Shibali, 3100-3200 m, 27.18315º/098.71921º, Lumadeng Township, Fugong County, Yunnan (habitat for Broscosoma parvum sp. nov.); b. 0.6 km N of Dizhengdang village on Dulongjiang, 1880 m, 28.084º/098.327º, Dulongjiang Township, Gongshan County, Yunnan (habitat for Broscosoma purpureum sp. nov.). Photos by David H. Kavanaugh
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