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10 results for “Carcharhinus leucas”
Figure 2 in Diet of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, and the tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, in the eastern Pacific Ocean
Figure 2. Trophic spectrum of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, and tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, in Ecuadorian waters.
Figure 1 in Diet of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, and the tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, in the eastern Pacific Ocean
Figure 1. Landing port of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, and tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, caught in Ecuadorian waters.
Figure 2 in First inland record of Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle, 1839) (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) in Celebes, Indonesia
Figure 2. The side view of C.leucas caught on the Pangkajene River, Pangkajene District, South Celebes Province, Indonesia. Photo Q. A. Mubaraq.
Figure 1 in First inland record of Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle, 1839) (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) in Celebes, Indonesia
Figure 1. Location of known C. leucas collected in inland Indonesia. Green, blue, and yellow shows the previous record from Sumatra, Borneo, and Papua respectively; and red show recent record from Celebes.
Figure 3 in First inland record of Bull shark Carcharhinus leucas (Müller & Henle, 1839) (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) in Celebes, Indonesia
Figure 3. The dorsal view of C.leucas caught on the Pangkajene River, Pangkajene District, South Celebes Province, Indonesia. Photo Q. A. Mubaraq.
Data from: Population structure, connectivity and demographic history of an apex marine predator, the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas
Knowledge of population structure, connectivity and effective population size remains limited for many marine apex predators, including the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas. This large-bodied coastal shark is distributed worldwide in warm temperate and tropical waters, and uses estuaries and rivers as nurseries. As an apex predator, the bull shark likely plays a vital ecological role within marine food webs, but is at risk due to inshore habitat degradation and various fishing pressures. We investigated the bull shark's global population structure and demographic history by analysing the genetic diversity of 370 individuals from 11 different locations using 25 microsatellite loci and three mitochondrial genes (CR, nd4, cytb). Both types of markers revealed clustering between sharks from the Western Atlantic and those from the Western Pacific and the Western Indian Ocean, with no contemporary gene flow. Microsatellite data suggested low differentiation between the Western Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific, but substantial differentiation was found using mitochondrial DN A. Integrating information from both types of markers and using Bayesian computation with a random forest procedure (ABC-RF), this discordance was found to be due to a complete lack of contemporary gene flow. High genetic connectivity was found both within the Western Indian Ocean and within the Western Pacific. In conclusion, these results suggest important structuring of bull shark populations globally with important gene flow occurring along coastlines , highlighting the need for management and conservation plans on regional scales rather than oceanic basin scale.
Data from: Population structure, connectivity and demographic history of an apex marine predator, the bull shark Carcharhinus leucas
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SNP data: Population genetic structure in bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas)
<p><span>The bull shark (<em>Carcharhinus leucas</em>) is a large, mobile, circumglobally distributed high trophic level predator that inhabits a variety of remote islands and continental coastal habitats, including freshwater environments. </span>Here, we hypothesise that the barriers to dispersal created by large oceanic expanses and deep-water trenches result in a heterogeneous distribution of the neutral genetic diversity between island bull shark populations compared to populations sampled in continental locations connected through continuous coastlines of continental shelves. <span>We analysed 1,494 high-quality neutral Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers in 215 individual bull sharks from widespread locations across the Indian and Pacific Oceans (South Africa, Indonesia, Western Australia, Papua New Guinea, eastern Australia, New Caledonia and Fiji). Genomic analyses revealed partitioning between remote insular and continental populations, with the Fiji population being genetically different from all other locations sampled (<i>F</i><sub>ST</sub> 0.034-0.044, <i>P </i>< 0.001), and </span>New Caledonia showing marginal isolation (<i>F</i><sub>ST</sub> 0.016-0.024, <i>P </i>< 0.001; albeit based on a small sample size) from most sampled sites<span>.</span> Discriminant Analysis of Principal Components (DAPC) identified samples from Fiji as a distinct cluster with all other sites as one large cluster. Genetic structure analyses (Admixture, STRUCTURE & AssignPOP) further supported the genetic isolation of bull sharks from Fiji, with the analyses in agreement. The observed differentiation in bull sharks from Fiji makes this site of special interest, as it indicates a lack of migration through dispersal across deep-water trenches and large ocean expanses.</p>
Ontogenetic changes in the tooth morphology of bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas)
<p>Teeth are an integral component of feeding ecology with a clear link between tooth morphology and diet, as without suitable dentition prey cannot be captured nor broken down for consumption. Bull sharks <em>Carcharhinus leucas</em> undergo an ontogenetic niche shift from freshwater to marine habitats, which raises the question: does tooth morphology change with ontogeny? Tooth shape, surface area and thickness were measured using both traditional morphometrics and an Elliptic Fourier Analysis, to determine if morphology varied with position in the jaw and if there was an ontogenetic change concordant with this niche shift. Significant ontogenetic differences in tooth morphology as a function of position in the jaw and shark total length were found, with upper and lower jaws of bull sharks presenting two different tooth morphologies. Tooth shape and thickness fell into two groupings, anterior and posterior, in both the upper and lower jaws. Tooth surface area, however, indicated three groupings, mesial, intermediate and distal, in both the upper and lower jaws. While tooth morphology changed significantly with size, showing an inflexion at sharks of 135 cm total length, each morphological aspect retained the same tooth groupings throughout. These ontogenetic differences in tooth morphologies reflect tooth strength, prey handling and heterodonty.</p>
SNP data: Population genetic structure in bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas)
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