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21 results for “Carcinus maenas”
Trends in early larval traits of a global invader at home across a latitudinal gradient: The European shore crab <em>Carcinus maenas</em>
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Data from: Genomic evidence of hybridization between two independent invasions of European green crab (Carcinus maenas) in the Northwest Atlantic
Invasive species have been associated with significant negative impacts in their introduced range often outcompeting native species, yet the long-term evolutionary dynamics of biological invasions are not well understood. Hybridization, either among waves of invasion or between native and introduced populations, could alter the ecological and evolutionary impacts of invasions yet has rarely been studied in marine invasive species. The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) invaded eastern North America twice from northern and southern locations in its native range. Here we examine the frequency of hybridization among these two distinct invasions at locations from New Jersey, USA to Newfoundland, Canada using restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq), microsatellite loci, and COI mtDNA sequences. We used Bayesian clustering and hybrid assignment analyses to investigate hybridization between the northern and southern populations. Of the samples analyzed, six locations contained at least one hybrid individual, while two locations were characterized by extensive hybridization, with 95% of individuals collected from Placentia Bay, Newfoundland being hybrids (mostly F2), and 90% of individuals from Kejimkujik, Nova Scotia being classified as hybrids, mostly backcrosses to the northern ecotype. The presence of both F2 hybrids and backcrossed individuals suggests that these hybrids are viable and introgression is occurring between invasions. Our results provide insight into the demographic and evolutionary consequences of hybridization between independent invasions, and will inform the management of green crabs in eastern North America.
Data from: Genome-wide evidence of environmentally mediated secondary contact of European green crab (Carcinus maenas) lineages in eastern North America
Genetic-environment associations are increasingly revealed through population genomic data and can occur through a number of processes, including secondary contact, divergent natural selection, or isolation-by-distance. Here we investigate the influence of the environment, including seasonal temperature and salinity, on the population structure of the invasive European green crab (Carcinus maenas) in eastern North America. Green crab populations in eastern North America are associated with two independent invasions, previously shown to consist of distinct northern and southern ecotypes, with a contact zone in southern Nova Scotia, Canada. Using a RAD-seq panel of 9137 genome-wide SNPs, we detected 41 SNPs (0.49%) whose allele frequencies were highly correlated with environmental data. A principal components analysis of 25 environmental variables differentiated populations into northern, southern, and admixed sites in concordance with the observed genomic spatial structure. Furthermore, a spatial principal components analysis conducted on genomic and geographic data revealed a high degree of global structure (p<0.0001) partitioning a northern and southern ecotype. Redundancy and partial redundancy analyses revealed that among the environmental variables tested, winter sea surface temperature had the strongest association with spatial structuring, suggesting that it is an important factor defining range and expansion limits of each ecotype. Understanding environmental thresholds associated with intraspecific diversity will facilitate the ability to manage current and predict future distributions of this aquatic invasive species.
Data from: RAD sequencing reveals genomewide divergence between independent invasions of the European green crab (Carcinus maenas) in the Northwest Atlantic
Genomic studies of invasive species can reveal both invasive pathways and functional differences underpinning patterns of colonization success. The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) was initially introduced to eastern North America nearly 200 years ago where it expanded northwards to eastern Nova Scotia. A subsequent invasion to Nova Scotia from a northern European source allowed further range expansion, providing a unique opportunity to study the invasion genomics of a species with multiple invasions. Here, we use restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing-derived SNPs to explore fine-scale genomewide differentiation between these two invasions. We identified 9137 loci from green crab sampled from 11 locations along eastern North America and compared spatial variation to mitochondrial COI sequence variation used previously to characterize these invasions. Overall spatial divergence among invasions was high (pairwise FST ~0.001 to 0.15) and spread across many loci, with a mean FST ~0.052 and 52% of loci examined characterized by FST values >0.05. The majority of the most divergent loci (i.e., outliers, ~1.2%) displayed latitudinal clines in allele frequency highlighting extensive genomic divergence among the invasions. Discriminant analysis of principal components (both neutral and outlier loci) clearly resolved the two invasions spatially and was highly correlated with mitochondrial divergence. Our results reveal extensive cryptic intraspecific genomic diversity associated with differing patterns of colonization success and demonstrates clear utility for genomic approaches to delineating the distribution and colonization success of aquatic invasive species.
Figure 7 in Predator-prey-scavenging interactions between Nucella lapillus, Carcinus maenas and Eulalia viridis all exploiting Mytilus galloprovincialis on a rocky shore recovering from tributyl-tin (TBT) pollution
Figure 7. The numbers of Eulalia viridis recorded from the eastern side of the Mewsbrook Groyne (and the western side in September 2010) on the occasions when they were observed to be moving over the rock surfaces.
Figure 6 in Predator-prey-scavenging interactions between Nucella lapillus, Carcinus maenas and Eulalia viridis all exploiting Mytilus galloprovincialis on a rocky shore recovering from tributyl-tin (TBT) pollution
Figure 6. An experimentally derived plot of the relationship between Carcinus maenas carapace widths and the shell lengths of their chosen Mytilus galloprovincialis prey items attacked by marginal chipping. Open circles represent failed attempts; closed circles represent successful attacks.
Figure 8. A in Predator-prey-scavenging interactions between Nucella lapillus, Carcinus maenas and Eulalia viridis all exploiting Mytilus galloprovincialis on a rocky shore recovering from tributyl-tin (TBT) pollution
Figure 8. A diagrammatic outline of the shell of Mytilus galloprovincialis divided into the four quadrants identified by Morton (2010) and showing the positions of the 17 series of chip marks (♦) and 18 drill holes (open circles represent successful attacks; closed circles represent failed attempts) made by experimentally held individuals of Carcinus maenas and Nucella lapillus, respectively.
Figure 5 in Predator-prey-scavenging interactions between Nucella lapillus, Carcinus maenas and Eulalia viridis all exploiting Mytilus galloprovincialis on a rocky shore recovering from tributyl-tin (TBT) pollution
Figure 5. Scanning electrom micrographs of the posterior margins of Mytilus galloprovincialis shells that have been accessed by Carcinus maenas in an experimental situation by (A) Chelal insertion and breaking and by (B) mandibular chipping.
Figure 4 in Predator-prey-scavenging interactions between Nucella lapillus, Carcinus maenas and Eulalia viridis all exploiting Mytilus galloprovincialis on a rocky shore recovering from tributyl-tin (TBT) pollution
Figure 4. An experimentally derived three-dimensional regression plot of the relationship between Nucella lapillus shell height (y-axis), the shell lengths of their chosen Mytilus galloprovincialis prey (z-axis) and the time spent atop each prey item (x-axis).
Figure 3 in Predator-prey-scavenging interactions between Nucella lapillus, Carcinus maenas and Eulalia viridis all exploiting Mytilus galloprovincialis on a rocky shore recovering from tributyl-tin (TBT) pollution
Figure 3. The relationship between the time Nucella lapillus spent atop its Mytilus galloprovincialis prey in laboratory experiments.
Figure 9 in Predator-prey-scavenging interactions between Nucella lapillus, Carcinus maenas and Eulalia viridis all exploiting Mytilus galloprovincialis on a rocky shore recovering from tributyl-tin (TBT) pollution
Figure 9. The relationship between the log-transformed numbers of Nucella lapillus recorded from the eastern side of the Mewsbrook Groyne (and the western side in September 2010) and the similarly log-transformed numbers of Eulalia viridis recorded on the occasions when they were observed to be moving over the rock surfaces
Figure 10 in Predator-prey-scavenging interactions between Nucella lapillus, Carcinus maenas and Eulalia viridis all exploiting Mytilus galloprovincialis on a rocky shore recovering from tributyl-tin (TBT) pollution
Figure 10. Plots showing, as a proportion of 100%, all the causes of death of individuals of Mytilus galloprovincialis collected from the Mewsbrook Groyne over the course of the 25-month period from September 2006 until September 2008.
Figure 1 in Predator-prey-scavenging interactions between Nucella lapillus, Carcinus maenas and Eulalia viridis all exploiting Mytilus galloprovincialis on a rocky shore recovering from tributyl-tin (TBT) pollution
Figure 1. The numbers of Nucella lapillus recorded from the Mewsbrook Groyne over the period from May 2004 to late August 2010. The first and last three open histograms represent counts from both sides of the groyne in May 2004 (25 individuals) and September 2009 (551 individuals), March 2010 (458 individuals) and late August 2010 (1241 individuals), the closed histograms represent numbers from the east side only.
Figure 2 in Predator-prey-scavenging interactions between Nucella lapillus, Carcinus maenas and Eulalia viridis all exploiting Mytilus galloprovincialis on a rocky shore recovering from tributyl-tin (TBT) pollution
Figure 2. The relationship between the shell heights of Nucella lapillus and the shell lengths of its Mytilus galloprovincialis prey on the Mewsbrook Groyne from May 2004 to August 2008.
Data from: Temporal dynamics of the genetic clines of invasive European green crab (Carcinus maenas) in eastern North America
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: RAD sequencing reveals genomewide divergence between independent invasions of the European green crab (Carcinus maenas) in the Northwest Atlantic
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Genome-wide evidence of environmentally mediated secondary contact of European green crab (Carcinus maenas) lineages in eastern North America
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Mitochondrial genotype influences the response to cold stress in the European green crab Carcinus maenas
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Data from: Genomic evidence of hybridization between two independent invasions of European green crab (Carcinus maenas) in the Northwest Atlantic
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: A novel pathway of nutrient absorption in crustaceans: branchial amino acid uptake in the green shore crab (Carcinus maenas)
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