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21 results for “Cardinalidae”
Cardinalis cardinalis (Cardinalidae) - whole organism
Image of Cardinalis cardinalis (Cardinalidae) - whole organism
Cardinalis cardinalis (Cardinalidae) - whole organism
Image of Cardinalis cardinalis (Cardinalidae) - whole organism
Data for Evolution of the preformative molt in Cardinalidae
<p><span>We explored adaptive factors affecting the preformative molt in the passerine family Cardinalidae, and concluded that the ancestor inhabited forest habitats and underwent a partial preformative molt that included wing coverts but not primaries. Later radiations within the family appeared to be characterized by transitions from forests toward more open habitats, and such transitions also correlated positively with increased preformative molt investment, plumage signaling, and flight. While previous studies had highlighted the role of time and energy constraints in the evolution of the preformative molt in passerines, we conclude that adaptation to the physical environment has had a greater influence than constraints on the evolution of this molt in Cardinalidae. Using molt data from 430 individuals from 41 of the 51 Cardinalidae species, we tested whether social and environmental factors (delayed plumage maturation and habitat openness), as well as that of physiological and time constraints (body mass, migration distance and breeding latitude) have influenced the evolution of the preformative molt in this family. We predicted that these five factors could relate to the extent of the preformative molt in terms of energy investment, plumage signaling and flight. We also examined whether or not the presence of an auxiliary preformative molt correlated to the extent of the preformative molt. We found a strong phylogenetic signal for the preformative molt in Cardinalidae due to shared ancestry, with habitat openness correlating significantly with increased molt extent. We also found a very strong relationship with the auxiliary preformative molt, indicating that both episodes form part of the early life molt strategy in this family. E</span>volutionary histories and the environments to which each taxonomic group has adapted can diverge across passerines, and we expect that future studies will further discover the nature and strength of the evolutionary drivers of preformative molt.</p>
Data for Evolution of the preformative molt in Cardinalidae
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FIGURES 5–9. Myrsidea larvatae. 5 in Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) from buntings, cardinals and tanagers (Passeriformes: Emberizidae, Cardinalidae, Thraupidae) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of two new species of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae)
FIGURES 5–9. Myrsidea larvatae. 5, Female dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen. 6, Male genital sac sclerite. 7–9. M. mitrospingi. 7, Male. 8, Male genitalia. 9, Male genitalia sac sclerite.
FIGURES 1–4. Myrsidea poliogasteri. 1 in Chewing lice (Phthiraptera) from buntings, cardinals and tanagers (Passeriformes: Emberizidae, Cardinalidae, Thraupidae) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of two new species of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae)
FIGURES 1–4. Myrsidea poliogasteri. 1, Female dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen. 2, Male. 3, Male genitalia. 4, Male genital sac sclerite.
FIGURE 14 in Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from saltators and grosbeaks (Passeriformes: Cardinalidae)
FIGURE 14. Phylogeny of various Myrsidea species derived from maximum likelihood analyses of 379 bp of the mitochondrial COI gene. Searches involved 10 random addition replicates using a GTR + I + G model. Numbers above branches are support from 100 likelihood bootstrap replicates. Branches are proportional to substitutions per site (scale indicated). Tree rooted on Dennyus hirundinis (Linnaeus, 1761) (not shown). M. = Myrsidea.
FIGURES 10–13. 10–11. Myrsidea sychrai. 10. Male dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen. 11. Female dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen. 12–13. M. pittendrighi. 12. Female dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen. 13 in Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from saltators and grosbeaks (Passeriformes: Cardinalidae)
FIGURES 10–13. 10–11. Myrsidea sychrai. 10. Male dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen. 11. Female dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen. 12–13. M. pittendrighi. 12. Female dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen. 13. Male dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen.
FIGURES 7–9. 7 in Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from saltators and grosbeaks (Passeriformes: Cardinalidae)
FIGURES 7–9. 7. Myrsidea johnklickai, male dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen. 8–9. M. markhafneri. 8. Male dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen. 9. Female dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen.
FIGURES 1–6. 1–4. Myrsidea lightae. 1. Female dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen. 2. Male genitalia. 3. Male genital sac sclerite. 4. Male dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen. 5–6. M. johnklickai. 5. Female dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen. 6 in Five new species of Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from saltators and grosbeaks (Passeriformes: Cardinalidae)
FIGURES 1–6. 1–4. Myrsidea lightae. 1. Female dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen. 2. Male genitalia. 3. Male genital sac sclerite. 4. Male dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen. 5–6. M. johnklickai. 5. Female dorsoventral metathorax and abdomen. 6. Male genital sac sclerite.
FIGURES 7–12. 7–9 in Chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from the Cardinalidae, Emberizidae, Fringillidae and Thraupidae (Aves: Passeriformes) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species
FIGURES 7–12. 7–9. Myrsidea roubalovae sp. nov. 7, Female (dorsal side on the left, ventral side on the right). 8, Male sternite II. 9, Male genital sac sclerite. 10–12. Myrsidea rubica sp. nov. 10, Female (dorsal side on the left, ventral side on the right). 11, Male sternite II. 12, Male genital sac sclerite. Scales 0.50 mm (Figs. 7, 10), 0.10 mm (Figs. 8, 11), 0.05 mm (Figs. 9, 12).
FIGURES 1–6. 1–3 in Chewing lice of the genus Myrsidea (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from the Cardinalidae, Emberizidae, Fringillidae and Thraupidae (Aves: Passeriformes) from Costa Rica, with descriptions of four new species
FIGURES 1–6. 1–3. Myrsidea bidentata sp. nov. 1, Female (dorsal side on the left, ventral side on the right). 2, Male sternite II. 3, Male genital sac sclerite. 4–6. Myrsidea dolejskae sp. nov. 4, Female (dorsal side on the left, ventral side on the right). 5, Male sternite II. 6, Male genital sac sclerite. Scales 0.50 mm (Figs. 1, 4), 0.10 mm (Figs. 2, 5), 0.05 mm (Figs. 3, 6).
FIGURE 2 in On the validity of Caryothraustes canadensis frontalis (Hellmayr, 1905) (Aves: Cardinalidae)
FIGURE 2. Geographic variation in forehead coloration of the Caryothraustes canadensis complex. From left to right: C. c. frontalis from Alagoas (MZUSP 39307, 37728), C. c. brasiliensis from Bahia and Minas Gerais (MZUSP 91568, 25280) and C. c. canadensis from Pará (MZUSP 46050, 46048), Brazil. Note the black forehead of C. c. frontalis, the yellow forehead of C. c. brasiliensis and the green forehead of C. c. canadensis.
FIGURE 1 in On the validity of Caryothraustes canadensis frontalis (Hellmayr, 1905) (Aves: Cardinalidae)
FIGURE 1. Known distribution of Caryothraustes canadensis canadensis and C. c. simulans (green), C. c. frontalis (red) and C. c. brasiliensis (yellow). Ranges modified from BirdLife International (2020) and Tonetti et al. (2017). The illustrated river is the São Francisco River.
Figure 3 in A new species of Proctophyllodes Robin, 1868 (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from two tanagers of the genus Piranga Vieillot (Passeriformes: Cardinalidae) from North America
Figure 3. Proctophyllodes pirangae sp. nov.: (a–d) legs I–IV of male, (e) tarsus IV of female, (f) ventral view of male opisthosoma, (g) female spermatheca.
Figure 4 in A new species of Proctophyllodes Robin, 1868 (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from two tanagers of the genus Piranga Vieillot (Passeriformes: Cardinalidae) from North America
Figure 4. Proctophyllodes pirangae sp. nov. low temperature scanning microscope (LTSEM) pictures of: (a–c) female, (d) male, (e) tritonymph, (f–g) male attached to tritonymph in precopulatory guarding.
Data from: Multilocus phylogeny and biogeography of the New World Pheucticus grosbeaks (Aves: Cardinalidae)
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Data from: Diversification across the New World within the ‘blue’ cardinalids (Aves: Cardinalidae)
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Figure 2 in A new species of Proctophyllodes Robin, 1868 (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from two tanagers of the genus Piranga Vieillot (Passeriformes: Cardinalidae) from North America
Figure 2. Proctophyllodes pirangae sp. nov., female. (a) Dorsal view, (b) ventral view.
Figure 1 in A new species of Proctophyllodes Robin, 1868 (Acari: Proctophyllodidae) from two tanagers of the genus Piranga Vieillot (Passeriformes: Cardinalidae) from North America
Figure 1. Proctophyllodes pirangae sp. nov., male. (a) Dorsal view, (b) ventral view.
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