Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0May 2020View details →

ds-uct-001: Cast Iron GGG40: X-Ray micro-CT of a nodular cast iron sample class GGG40.

Summary: .X-Ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) of a nodular cast iron sample class GGG40, including both raw projection data and the final reconstructions, for three different resolutions (voxel sizes of 1 μm, 3 μm and 11 μm). .The 3D image was generated with an X-Ray micro-CT Scanner version Xradia Versa 510 from Zeiss performed by A Pereira at the UFF micro-CT Facility. .For use of these data, please remember to cite the DOI of the Zenodo repository and relevant papers. Details: .Tomo1 (1024) - Voxel size: 1 μm; Sample-source: 26 mm; Sample-detector: 150 mm; Optical magnification: 4.0X; Filter: HE#6; Beam energy: 160 kV; Power: 10 W; Exposure time: 60.0 sec; Projections: 1600. .Tomo2 (1024) - Voxel size: 3 μm; Sample-source: 28 mm; Sample-detector: 35 mm; Optical magnification: 4.0X; Filter: HE#4; Beam energy: 160 kV; Power: 10 W; Exposure time: 10.0 sec; Projections: 3200. .Tomo3 (1024) - Voxel size: 11 μm; Sample-source: 30 mm; Sample-detector: 158 mm; Optical magnification: 0.4X; Filter: HE#4; Beam energy: 160 kV; Power: 10 W; Exposure time: 3.0 sec; Projections: 3200. Contents: ._info_ds-uct-001.txt .ds-uct-001_cast_iron_ggg40_01um_8bits.zip .ds-uct-001_cast_iron_ggg40_03um_8bits.zip .ds-uct-001_cast_iron_ggg40_11um_8bits.zip .ds-uct-001_cast_iron_ggg40_01um_1600p.txrm .ds-uct-001_cast_iron_ggg40_01um_1600p_Drift.txrm .ds-uct-001_cast_iron_ggg40_01um_1600p_recon.txm .ds-uct-001_cast_iron_ggg40_03um_3200p.txrm .ds-uct-001_cast_iron_ggg40_03um_3200p_Drift.txrm .ds-uct-001_cast_iron_ggg40_03um_3200p_recon.txm .ds-uct-001_cast_iron_ggg40_11um_3200p.txrm .ds-uct-001_cast_iron_ggg40_11um_3200p_Drift.txrm .ds-uct-001_cast_iron_ggg40_11um_3200p_recon.txm

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2017View details →

Sri Ksetra, Bago, Myanmar. Iron nail casting waster.

Sri Ksetra, Bago, Myanmar. Iron nail casting waster. Collection of the National Museum of Myanmar, Yangon.

opencc-by-4.0May 2017View details →

Sri Ksetra, Bago, Myanmar. Female figure cast in iron.

Sri Ksetra, Bago, Myanmar. Female figure cast in iron, possibly a mother goddess, now in the National Museum, Yangon. Perhaps 4th century.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

Spoke11WP3_CASTING_MOST_MaterialsDataBase

Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Data on the material characterization of cast and additively manufactured IN939 subjected to room-temperature low-cycle fatigue load

The original data to the research paper termed "Room-temperature low-cycle fatigue behaviour of cast and additively manufactured IN939 superalloy" are enclosed. Two specimen orientations of L-PBF IN939 - horizontal and vertical, and two thermodynamical states - without subsequent heat treatment (non-treated) and standard aged according to Delargy et al., 1986, were investigated. The paper concerns the low-cycle fatigue performance of cast and additively manufactured IN939 superalloy. It brings a comprehensive account on the damage and deformation behaviour of the tested alloy, combining the test analyses with high-resolution SEM and TEM observations.

edi44/100

Parameters from discrete bottle samples on a hydrographic CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) cast during CCE LTER process cruises in the CCE region, 2006 - 2019 (ongoing).

Hydrographic CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) measurements from discrete water samples are taken on individual CTD rosette casts, deployed on CCE Process cruises (since 2006, ongoing) in the Southern California region. Seawater is collected in up to 24 Niskin bottles at specific depths (up to 1000m), determined by the chlorophyll maximum and mixed layer depth as the instrument is lowered through the water column. The samples are filtered and analyzed at sea and used to assess the CTD sensor data quality. Measurements include depth, temperature, salinity, density (sigma theta), oxygen, O2 saturation, PAR (radiation, surface radiation and irradiance), fluorescence and transmission. Salinity checks are performed with a salinometer back at the lab.

openCC0Dec 2022View details →

opencc-by-4.0May 2020View details →

Sealing in terracotta impressed with a cast of a Yaudheya coin; coarse granular on the reverse

Sealing in terracotta impressed with a cast of a Yaudheya coin; coarse granular on the reverse. British Museum 1892,1014.50.b.

opencc-by-4.0May 2020View details →

Sealing in terracotta impressed with a cast of a Yaudheya coin; smooth on the reverse.

Sealing in terracotta impressed with a cast of a Yaudheya coin; smooth on the reverse. British Museum 1892,1014.50.e.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

I-BiDaaS - CRF - Aluminium die-casting Synthetic Dataset

The dataset has been generated after receiving unstructured sets of a large amount of heterogeneous data from several sources and levels from the production line. CRF analysed all information and selected seventeen parameters (e.g. piston speed in the first and second phase, piston stroke, intensification pressures) of the production of the engine block by die-casting. The synthetic dataset was generated in order to analyse the provided parameters and try to cluster them by identifying those that are most representative of each cluster. The clusterization is useful to identify the behaviour of parameters and help to understand those that affect the quality of the process and products.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2021View details →

Process map for casting a long-term experimental campaign on RC shrinkage cracking.

This dataset presents the process map that was developed for the casting of a long-term experimental campaign on reinforced concrete (RC) slabs subjected to the combined effect of restrained shrinkage and vertical loads. This experimental campaign was performed in the scope of the FCT project "IntegraCrete: A comprehensive multi-physics and multi-scale approach to the combined effects of applied loads and thermal/shrinkage deformations in reinforced concrete structures''. The results from this experimental campaign are presented in Gomes et al (2020), while the conceptualization, planning and experimental procedures are described in detail in Gomes et al (2021). The latter is supported by this process map to describe the micromanagement plan that was devised for the casting day. 14 people were involved in the casting of 3 slabs and 2 complementary specimens inside a highly instrumented climatic chamber, as well as 38 specimens for concrete characterization at different ages and 12 load blocks to use as vertical loads. This process map was developed with the standard Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN).

dryad40/100

Toward greater realism in inclusive fitness models: the case of caste fate conflict in insect societies

In the field of social evolution, inclusive fitness theory has been successful in making a wide range of qualitative predictions on expected patterns of cooperation and conflict. Nevertheless, outside of sex ratio theory, inclusive fitness models that make accurate quantitative predictions remain relatively rare. Past models dealing with caste fate conflict in insect societies, for example, successfully predicted that if female larvae can control their own caste fate, an excess should opt to selfishly develop as queens. Available models, however, were unable to accurately predict levels of queen production observed in Melipona bees – a genus of stingless bees where caste is self-determined – as empirically observed levels of queen production are ca. two times lower than the theoretically predicted ones. Here, we show that this discrepancy can be resolved by explicitly deriving the colony-level cost of queen overproduction from a dynamic model of colony growth, requiring incorporation of parameters of colony growth and demography, such as the per-capita rate at which new brood cells are built and provisioned, the percentage of the queen's eggs that are female, costs linked with worker reproduction and worker mortality. Our revised model predicts queen overproduction to more severely impact colony productivity, resulting in an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) that is ca. half that of the original model, and is shown to accurately predict actual levels of queen overproduction observed in different Melipona species. Altogether, this shows how inclusive fitness models can provide accurate quantitative predictions, provided that costs and benefits are modelled in sufficient detail and are measured precisely.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

Data archive for 7-GridPix 'Septemboard' detector taken at CAST (2017/18)

<h1>Data archive for 7-GridPix 'Septemboard' CAST detector</h1> This data archive contains datasets related to the 7-GridPix 'Septemboard' detector used at the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) experiment in 2017/18. This archive assumes familiarity with the operation of the Septemboard detector at CAST and the PhD thesis it was used in. Once the thesis is published, I will update the Zenodo meta data to include a link to the thesis. For the time being see <a href="https://phd.vindaar.de" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://phd.vindaar.de</a> The archive is split into three different files. For each file an explanation follows below. - <code>raw_data_gridpix_CAST_2017_18.tar</code> :: A single TAR ball of the entire raw   data recorded at CAST (and related). - <code>reco_data_gridpix_CAST_2017_18.tar</code> :: A single TAR ball of the   entire reconstructed data computed from the raw data. - <code>miscResourcesArchive.tar.gz</code> :: A single gzipped TAR ball of a large   number of miscellaneous files.  As the latter two archives contain a large number of files, a <code>*_list_of_files.txt</code> file is provided, which contains a <code>tree</code> view of the entire TAR ball. <h2><code>raw_data_gridpix_CAST_2017_18.tar</code> - Raw data archive</h2> This file contains all raw data recorded with the aforementioned detector. Raw data means it is the data produced by the <a href="https://github.com/Vindaar/TOS" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Timepix Operating Software (TOS).</a> The archive is a single TAR ball, which contains multiple directories. They are split by the date in which they were taken and their purpose. The directory structure is as follows: <code>├── 2017</code> <code>│   ├── CalibrationRuns</code> <code>│   ├── DataRuns</code> <code>│   ├── XrayFingerRuns</code> <code>│   └── development</code> <code>├── 2018</code> <code>│   ├── CalibrationRuns</code> <code>│   ├── DataRuns</code> <code>│   ├── FADC_100ns_50ns_comparisons</code> <code>│   │   ├── 100ns</code> <code>│   │   └── 50ns</code> <code>│   └── XrayFingerRuns</code> <code>├── 2018_2</code> <code>│   ├── BadRuns</code> <code>│   ├── CalibrationRuns</code> <code>│   └── DataRuns</code> <code>└── CDL_2019</code> <code>- 2017 :: Contains 'Run-2' data taken in 2017.</code> <code>  - CalibrationRuns: 55Fe runs from CAST</code> <code>  - DataRuns: Background runs from CAST (contains solar tracking data)</code> <code>  - XrayFingerRuns: Single X-ray finger run from before data taking,</code> <code>    not directly useful.</code> <code>  - development: Contains runs from development in 2017, in particular</code> <code>    the two runs showing excessive sparking from before the water</code> <code>    cooling was installed.</code> <code>- 2018 :: Contains 'Run-2' data taken in 2018 (up to Apr 2018).</code> <code>  - CalibrationRuns: 55Fe runs from CAST</code> <code>  - DataRuns: Background runs from CAST (contains solar tracking data)</code> <code>  - XrayFingerRuns: Single X-ray finger run, taken after Run-2 data taking.</code> <code>    Useful.</code> <code>  - FADC: Contains laboratory runs with the detector mounted</code> <code>    pointing towards the zenith. Multiple runs with an FADC</code> <code>    integration time of 50ns and multiple with 100ns.</code> <code>- 2018_2 :: Contains all 'Run-3' data taken in 2018.</code> <code>  - CalibrationRuns: 55Fe runs from CAST</code> <code>  - DataRuns: Background runs from CAST (contains solar tracking data)</code> <code>  - BadRuns: A single run to be ignored. Faulty.</code> <code>- CDL_2019 :: Data taken in the CAST detector lab (CDL) behind an</code> <code>  X-ray tube.</code> <h2><code>reco_data_gridpix_CAST_2017_18.tar</code> - Reconstructed  data archive</h2> This data archive contains all reconstructed data of the dataset taken with the 'Septemboard' detector at CAST in 2017/18. The reconstruction of the data is done via the tools part of <a href="https://github.com/Vindaar/TimepixAnalysis" target="_blank" rel="noopener">TimepixAnalysis.</a> It is a single TAR ball, which contains multiple directories. They are split by the type of data mainly. The main data files are those named <code>Calibration/DataRuns_2017/8_Raw/Reco.h5</code> as well as the similarly named <code>CDL</code> files. The naming follows that of the raw data archive. See below the directory structure for more details. The directory structure is as follows: <code>├── CDL_2019</code> <code>│   ├── CDL_2019_Raw.h5</code> <code>│   ├── CDL_2019_Reco.h5</code> <code>│   └── calibration-cdl-2018.h5</code> <code>├── CalibrationRuns2017_Raw.h5</code> <code>├── CalibrationRuns2017_Reco.h5</code> <code>├── CalibrationRuns2018_Raw.h5</code> <code>├── CalibrationRuns2018_Reco.h5</code> <code>├── DataRuns2017_Raw.h5</code> <code>├── DataRuns2017_Reco.h5</code> <code>├── DataRuns2018_Raw.h5</code> <code>├── DataRuns2018_Reco.h5</code> <code>├── FakeData</code> <code>│   ├── fakeData_500k_0_to_3keV_decrease.h5</code> <code>│   └── fakeData_500k_uniform_energy_0_10_keV.h5</code> <code>├── lhoodOutput</code> <code>│   ├── lhood_lnL_17_11_23_septem_fixed</code> <code>│   │   ├── lhood_c18_R2_crAll_sEff_0.7_lnL.h5</code> <code>│   │   ├── lhood_c18_R2_crAll_sEff_0.7_lnL.log</code> <code>│   │   ├── .... similar other files</code> <code>│   └── lhood_mlp_17_11_23_adam_tanh30_sigmoid_mse_82k</code> <code>│       ├── lhood_c18_R2_crAll_sEff_0.85_mlp_mlp_tanh_sigmoid_MSE_Adam_30_2checkpoint_epoch_82000_loss_0.0249_acc_0.9662.h5</code> <code>│       ├── lhood_c18_R2_crAll_sEff_0.85_mlp_mlp_tanh_sigmoid_MSE_Adam_30_2checkpoint_epoch_82000_loss_0.0249_acc_0.9662.log</code> <code>│       ├── .... similar other files</code> <code>├── limitOutput</code> <code>│   ├── lhood_limits_21_11_23</code> <code>│   │   ├── lhood_c18_R2_crAll_sEff_0.85_scinti_fadc_line_mlp_mlp_tanh_sigmoid_MSE_Adam_30_2checkpoint_epoch_82000_loss_0.0249_acc_0.9662_vQ_0.99</code> <code>│   │   │   ├── mc_limit_lkMCMC_skInterpBackground_nmc_15000_uncertainty_ukUncertain_σs_0.0281_σb_0.0028_posUncertain_puUncertain_σp_0.0500.csv</code> <code>│   │   │   ├── .... similar other files</code> <code>│   │   ├── lhood_c18_R2_crAll_sEff_0.85_scinti_fadc_septem_line_mlp_mlp_tanh_sigmoid_MSE_Adam_30_2checkpoint_epoch_82000_loss_0.0249_acc_0.9662_vQ_0.99</code> <code>│   │   │   ├── mc_limit_lkMCMC_skInterpBackground_nmc_2500_uncertainty_ukUncertain_σs_0.0281_σb_0.0028_posUncertain_puUncertain_σp_0.0500.csv</code> <code>│   │   │   ├── .... similar other files</code> <code>│   │   ├── lhood_c18_R2_crAll_sEff_0.85_scinti_fadc_septem_mlp_mlp_tanh_sigmoid_MSE_Adam_30_2checkpoint_epoch_82000_loss_0.0249_acc_0.9662_vQ_0.99</code> <code>│   │   │   ├── .... more files</code> <code>│   │   ├── Similar directories</code> <code>│   ├── lhood_limits_axion_photon_11_01_24</code> <code>│   │   │   ├── .... more files</code> <code>│   └── lhood_limits_chameleon_12_01_24</code> <code>│   │   │   ├── .... more files</code> <code>28 directories, 249 files</code> <code>- Root of the archive ::</code> <code>  - ~CalibrationRuns2017/18_Raw~: Raw data files of the 55Fe calibration</code> <code>    runs taken during the CAST data taking.</code> <code>  - ~CalibrationRuns2017/18_Reco~: Fully reconstructed data of the</code> <code>    same.</code> <code>  - ~Data*~: Same schema for the actual CAST data, containing both</code> <code>    background and solar tracking data.</code> <code>- ~FakeData~ :: A directory of two HDF5 files containing synthetic X-ray</code> <code>  data used for the training of MLPs as classifiers.</code> <code>- ~lhoodOutput~ :: A directory containing a large number of files</code> <code>  containing the output files of the ~likelihood~ program part of</code> <code>  ~TimepixAnalysis~. That is, files containing clusters passing cuts</code> <code>  of different setups of classifiers and vetoes. These are the files</code> <code>  needed as inputs for background rate and limit calculations.</code> <code>- ~limitOutput~ :: A directory of output results from limit</code> <code>  calculations.</code> See the file <code>reco_data_gridpix_CAST_2017_18_list_of_files.txt </code>for a list of all files contained. <h2><code>miscResourcesArchive.tar.gz</code> - Miscellaneous files</h2> This data archive contains a large amount of miscellaneous data related to the 2017/18 data taking campaign of the 7-GridPix 'Septemboard' detector at CAST. In particular, to understand the context of the files stored in this TAR ball, it is mandatory to read the extended version of the PhD thesis as well as the additional notes (<code>StatusAndProgress</code> as well as the <code>journal</code> linked under the URL linked at the top). Note that the vast majority of these files is likely not of significant interest, unless someone wishes to understand certain studies that were done. If however, someone reads one of these files and wishes to look into any of the referenced data files, I prefer to make them available. One particular set of interesting data is contained in the <code>MLP_snapshots</code> directory. It contains all snapshots of every MLP I ever trained during the work on my thesis. This includes the best performing MLP I eventually used for the results in my thesis. The other two directories contained are <code>phdResources</code> and <code>orgResources</code>. They are named such as they represent a <code>resources</code> directory part of my <code>phd</code> git repository and my <code>org</code> git repository (the latter is a repository for miscellaneous notes and things).  See the file <code>miscDataArchive_list_of_files.txt</code> for a list of all files contained.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

Cast Away in the Adriatic: Low Degree of Parallel Genetic Differentiation in Three-Spined Sticklebacks

This repository incorporates data and scripts associated with the paper "Cast Away in the Adriatic: Low Degree of Parallel Genetic Divergence in Three-Spined Sticklebacks". Included in the repository are the following compressed folders:  <ul> <li>Moments_models&data.zip: two-population demographic models and SFS to run in moments.</li> <li>Stairwayplot.zip: blueprint files for multiple mutation rates and results for StairwayPlots.</li> <li>TreeMix.zip: pipeline to infer population splits and mixture events from allele frequency data using TreeMix, including input files.</li> <li>VCF.zip: a filtered VCF file for all three-spined stickleback samples.</li> </ul> The scripts for TreeMix and demographic analyses in moments are also available on <a href="https://github.com/carolindahms">GitHub</a>.

Text-fig. 10. Langtonia bisulcata REID et CHANDLER. a, b, e–g: Holotype, V. 22984, from micro-CT data. a: Dorsiventral view surface rendering. b: Dorsiventral view translucent volume rendering showing outline of locule cast. c: Equatorial transverse fracture showing paired dorsal infolds and locules with shape of a ε in cross section, reflected light, V. 22993. d: Digital transverse section from micro-CT data, of fruit with two well developed ε-shaped locules, V. 22985. e–g: Successive digital transverse sections with one well developed ε-shaped locule and infolds of the abortive locule visible in (g) (arrows). h–j: Physical transverse thin sections of specimen from middle Eocene Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA with well-preserved mesocarp including longitudinal canals in (j) (arrows), USNM 424875; Scale bars 0.5 cm in (a, b), 2.5 mm in (c–g), 5 mm in (h), 2 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j); (a, b) share same scale bar; (c, d) share same scale bar; (e, f, g) share same scale bar. in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 10. Langtonia bisulcata REID et CHANDLER. a, b, e–g: Holotype, V. 22984, from micro-CT data. a: Dorsiventral view surface rendering. b: Dorsiventral view translucent volume rendering showing outline of locule cast. c: Equatorial transverse fracture showing paired dorsal infolds and locules with shape of a ε in cross section, reflected light, V. 22993. d: Digital transverse section from micro-CT data, of fruit with two well developed ε-shaped locules, V. 22985. e–g: Successive digital transverse sections with one well developed ε-shaped locule and infolds of the abortive locule visible in (g) (arrows). h–j: Physical transverse thin sections of specimen from middle Eocene Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA with well-preserved mesocarp including longitudinal canals in (j) (arrows), USNM 424875; Scale bars 0.5 cm in (a, b), 2.5 mm in (c–g), 5 mm in (h), 2 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j); (a, b) share same scale bar; (c, d) share same scale bar; (e, f, g) share same scale bar.

Text-fig. 9. Portnallia. a–j: P. bognorensis M.CHANDLER. a–g: Holotype, V. 30421. a: Oblique lateral view with dorsal surface of locule cast facing towards right side. b: Basal view (original illustration from pl. 28, fig. 40 of Chandler 1961). c–g: Micro CT data. c–f: Surface renderings. c: Lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. d: lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. e: Basal view. f: Apical view. g: Digital transverse section near equatorial position showing (c) to u-shaped locules. h: Apical view of tetralocular fruit, V. 30423 (original illustration from pl. 28, fig. 42 of Chandler 1961). i: Transverse section of specimen in (h), reflected light. j–o: P. sheppeyensis M.CHANDLER, Holotype V. 30428, here synomomized with P. bognorensis, from micro-CT data. j–m: Surface renderings. j: Lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. k: Lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. l: Basal view. m: Apical view. n: Digital equatorial transverse section showing the three preserved locules and extensive cracking due to pyrite decomposition. o: Translucent volume rendering, apical view showing (c) to u-shaped locules. Scale bars 2 mm, bar in (a) applies also to (b), bar in (e) applies to also to (c, d), bar in (g) applies also to (f), bar in (j) applies to applies also to (k–m). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 9. Portnallia. a–j: P. bognorensis M.CHANDLER. a–g: Holotype, V. 30421. a: Oblique lateral view with dorsal surface of locule cast facing towards right side. b: Basal view (original illustration from pl. 28, fig. 40 of Chandler 1961). c–g: Micro CT data. c–f: Surface renderings. c: Lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. d: lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. e: Basal view. f: Apical view. g: Digital transverse section near equatorial position showing (c) to u-shaped locules. h: Apical view of tetralocular fruit, V. 30423 (original illustration from pl. 28, fig. 42 of Chandler 1961). i: Transverse section of specimen in (h), reflected light. j–o: P. sheppeyensis M.CHANDLER, Holotype V. 30428, here synomomized with P. bognorensis, from micro-CT data. j–m: Surface renderings. j: Lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. k: Lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. l: Basal view. m: Apical view. n: Digital equatorial transverse section showing the three preserved locules and extensive cracking due to pyrite decomposition. o: Translucent volume rendering, apical view showing (c) to u-shaped locules. Scale bars 2 mm, bar in (a) applies also to (b), bar in (e) applies to also to (c, d), bar in (g) applies also to (f), bar in (j) applies to applies also to (k–m).

Text-fig. 8. Lanfrancia subglobosa E.REID et M.CHANDLER. a–c, e–g: Holotype V. 23014. a: reflected light. b, c: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. a, b: Lateral views with dorsal surface of locule facing forward and locule casts protruding in upper part. c: Apical view. d: Fruit showing two locule casts the dorsal surfaces of which face to the left and the right, V. 30417(1). e–g: Successive digital transverse sections showing four u to v to c-shaped locules from micro-CT data. h: Physical transverse section of specimen in (d). i–k: Physical transverse section, V. 30419 from Herne Bay, blue lines in K indicating limits of fibre layer lining the locule. l: Detail from (h), showing sclerenchyma composing the septa and central axis. m: Transverse section, enlargement from (i), showing anatomy of tissues adjacent to the dorsal infold. Blue lines indicate limits of the fibre layer lining the locule. n: Part of (m) recut, tangential section transecting the dorsal infold (central), both limbs of the locule cast, and peripheral parts of the pericarp on either side. o: Detail from (n), showing anatomy of the infold. Scale bars 5 mm in (a–h) (a–g share the same bar), 3 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j–m), 0.5 mm in (n), 0.2 mm in (o). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 8. Lanfrancia subglobosa E.REID et M.CHANDLER. a–c, e–g: Holotype V. 23014. a: reflected light. b, c: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. a, b: Lateral views with dorsal surface of locule facing forward and locule casts protruding in upper part. c: Apical view. d: Fruit showing two locule casts the dorsal surfaces of which face to the left and the right, V. 30417(1). e–g: Successive digital transverse sections showing four u to v to c-shaped locules from micro-CT data. h: Physical transverse section of specimen in (d). i–k: Physical transverse section, V. 30419 from Herne Bay, blue lines in K indicating limits of fibre layer lining the locule. l: Detail from (h), showing sclerenchyma composing the septa and central axis. m: Transverse section, enlargement from (i), showing anatomy of tissues adjacent to the dorsal infold. Blue lines indicate limits of the fibre layer lining the locule. n: Part of (m) recut, tangential section transecting the dorsal infold (central), both limbs of the locule cast, and peripheral parts of the pericarp on either side. o: Detail from (n), showing anatomy of the infold. Scale bars 5 mm in (a–h) (a–g share the same bar), 3 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j–m), 0.5 mm in (n), 0.2 mm in (o).

Text-fig. 6. Exbeckettia mastixioides (E.REID et M.CHANDLER) comb. nov. from the London Clay. a–f: Holotype, V. 23002, bilocular fruit. a–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. a: Apical view. b: Basal view. c: Lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. d: lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. e, f: Digital sections from micro-CT data. e: transverse equatorial showing U-shaped locules and distinct dark endocarp (arrows). f: Median longitudinal intercepting both locules. g: lateral view of bilocular fruit with interlocular septum facing forward. V. 23013(3). h: Apical view of bilocular fruit with two exposed locule casts, V. 23013(1). i–l: Fruits in physical transverse section showing U-shaped locules and distinct locule lining. i: Bilocular fruit shown in (g). j: Bilocular fruit, V. 23007. k: Fruit with one locule larger than the other, V. 23006. l: Tetralocular fruit, V. 22993. Scale bar 5 mm in (a–l), bar in (a) applies also to (b–d), bar in (e) applies also to (f), bar in (j) applies to (i–l). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 6. Exbeckettia mastixioides (E.REID et M.CHANDLER) comb. nov. from the London Clay. a–f: Holotype, V. 23002, bilocular fruit. a–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. a: Apical view. b: Basal view. c: Lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. d: lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. e, f: Digital sections from micro-CT data. e: transverse equatorial showing U-shaped locules and distinct dark endocarp (arrows). f: Median longitudinal intercepting both locules. g: lateral view of bilocular fruit with interlocular septum facing forward. V. 23013(3). h: Apical view of bilocular fruit with two exposed locule casts, V. 23013(1). i–l: Fruits in physical transverse section showing U-shaped locules and distinct locule lining. i: Bilocular fruit shown in (g). j: Bilocular fruit, V. 23007. k: Fruit with one locule larger than the other, V. 23006. l: Tetralocular fruit, V. 22993. Scale bar 5 mm in (a–l), bar in (a) applies also to (b–d), bar in (e) applies also to (f), bar in (j) applies to (i–l).

Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5 mm. in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5 mm.

Text-fig. 3. Juglandaceae. Carya (a–x). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–e: USNM PAL 772346. Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a, b: Lateral, c: apical, d: basal views. e: Virtual equatorial transverse section. f–n: USNM PAL 772347. f: Lateral view, reflected light, showing path of saw cut for transverse section of (i). g: Basal view, reflected light. h: Apical view, micro-CT surface rendering. i: Physical transverse section displaying locule and cellular preservation of parts of wall. j–n: Virtual sections from micro-CT scan data. j: Transverse section at apical 1/3 of nut. Note narrow lacunae (arrows). k: Longitudinal section parallel to primary septum, traversing one of the cotyledon lobes and showing secondary septum at base. l: Longitudinal section in plane at right angles to (k) in plane of primary septum, showing divergent placental bundles arising from base of nut (arrows). m: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of locule separated by primary septum. n: Transverse section near base of nut showing primary and secondary septa, creating four basal lobes of locule; note diverging placental bundles (arrows). o–x: USNM PAL 772351. o: Lateral view of broken nut with exposed locule cast, reflected light. p: Same orientation of nut, micro-CT surface rendering. q: Same specimen lateral view, rotated 90° from (p), micro-CT surface rendering. r: Apical view, reflected light. s–x: Virtual sections from micro-CT in The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U.S.A.

Text-fig. 3. Juglandaceae. Carya (a–x). Scale bars = 1 cm. a–e: USNM PAL 772346. Micro-CT scan surface rendering. a, b: Lateral, c: apical, d: basal views. e: Virtual equatorial transverse section. f–n: USNM PAL 772347. f: Lateral view, reflected light, showing path of saw cut for transverse section of (i). g: Basal view, reflected light. h: Apical view, micro-CT surface rendering. i: Physical transverse section displaying locule and cellular preservation of parts of wall. j–n: Virtual sections from micro-CT scan data. j: Transverse section at apical 1/3 of nut. Note narrow lacunae (arrows). k: Longitudinal section parallel to primary septum, traversing one of the cotyledon lobes and showing secondary septum at base. l: Longitudinal section in plane at right angles to (k) in plane of primary septum, showing divergent placental bundles arising from base of nut (arrows). m: Equatorial transverse section showing two lobes of locule separated by primary septum. n: Transverse section near base of nut showing primary and secondary septa, creating four basal lobes of locule; note diverging placental bundles (arrows). o–x: USNM PAL 772351. o: Lateral view of broken nut with exposed locule cast, reflected light. p: Same orientation of nut, micro-CT surface rendering. q: Same specimen lateral view, rotated 90° from (p), micro-CT surface rendering. r: Apical view, reflected light. s–x: Virtual sections from micro-CT