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3 results for “Centrifuge testing”
GEOLAB Project CTP-ISSR: monotonic and cyclic Centrifuge Tests on Piles in sand proving Innovative Solutions to enhance Structural Resilience
<p>The existing structures are facing continuous changes in the loading conditions during their life span. These changes can be caused by weather and geo-hazards events and affect the structural response which is often already weakened by aging.</p> <p>A clear understanding of the interaction between the superstructure, the foundation and the surrounding soil is one of the crucial aspects to deal with to adapt the design and maintenance to enhance the resilience of new and existing Critical Infrastructures (CI) often used way beyond their life expectancy. Besides the loading components already considered in engineering practice, CI endure loads having cyclic nature acting continuously during service life (e.g., wind) which are often disregarded in foundation design and may trigger collapse mechanisms. Indeed, they are usually modelled as equivalent-static actions thus neglecting the accumulation of generalized permanent displacements of piled foundations in terms of settlement, sliding and rotation. This lack in design approach can be attributed to very limited research contributions dealing with cyclic loads. </p> <p>The CTP-ISSR (monotonic and cyclic Centrifuge Tests on Piles in sand proving Innovative Solutions to enhance Structural Resilience) project aims at investigating via centrifuge tests the behaviour of piled foundations under different loading types. Two series of centrifuge experiments on annular shaped pile groups and isolated piles embedded in Hostun sand were carried out at an increased gravity of 50 g in the Turner Beam Centrifuge at Schofield Centre, University of Cambridge. </p> <p>To simulate prototype reinforced concrete piles, model piles, made up of cement and metal wires, were manufactured in laboratory by means of an ad-hoc mould and manual mortar pouring. Such modelling is necessary to replicate the strong dependency of pile cross-sectional moment capacity on the axial force. Piles were installed in an 850 mm steel tub filled with manually poured Hostun sand prepared with a low-to-medium relative density. </p> <p>The first test included 2 single piles ad 2 groups of 8 piles connected by a circular rigid cap clear from the soil. The model foundations were subjected to monotonic vertical loads or vertical eccentric cyclic loads of different amplitudes and frequencies. In a similar fashion, the second test included 3 single piles ad 2 pile groups. In this case, the model foundations were subjected to monotonic vertical or horizontal loads or to cyclic horizontal loads of different amplitudes and frequencies. The response of the foundation system, in terms of loads and displacements, was monitored through loads cells, Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDTs) and Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS). A miniaturized Cone Penetration Test (mini-CPT) was used to characterize the soil before the test execution. The experimental campaign was accomplished in 10 working days (including, among the others, model preparation, execution, data acquisition and dismantle). </p> <p>The results of the experiments will serve as benchmarks for the development of a non-linear macroelement for piled foundation. Adopting this innovative approach allows the strengthening of CI resilience by adapting the traditional design and maintenance to properly consider changing loading conditions in a simple yet reliable manner. </p> <p>Researchers and practitioners will be the beneficiaries of the outcome of this research, expecting the following advantages: <br> - Innovation in design, with the possibility to properly consider cyclic loading;<br> - Improvement in identifying possible failure mechanisms and the required maintenance to enhance reliability and resilience of existing CI.</p>
GEOLAB - RES FLUCTIS project: Assessing River Embankments Stability to FLoods through Unsaturated Centrifuge Testing In transient Seepage conditions
<p>River floods rank among the most significant natural hazard in Europe, causing substantial economic and human losses and are frequently due to severe damages endured by water retaining earthworks, under extreme weather events. Forecasting models suggest that climate change will be a determining factor in intensifying the hydrological cycle, with a far-reaching impacts on runoff regimes of streams and watercourses, thus significantly reducing the return times of droughts and flood events. This means that existing water retaining infrastructures, such as earthen river embankments, are expected to withstand extreme stresses, being subjected to hydraulic loading hardly experienced in the past, in terms of duration and intensity. </p> <p>In this framework, a reliable assessment of the existing river embankments safety conditions, represents a key aspect to enhance the resilience of these critical infrastructures (CI). A satisfactory solution to this problem cannot disregard the partially saturated state of the earthfill, neither the role of river stage fluctuations on the seepage process within the embankments. Nevertheless, in the current engineering practice, these aspects are frequently neglected, mainly due to the difficulties in estimating the actual suction distribution and shear strength, thus providing erroneous conclusions on the effective safety margins towards potential failure mechanisms.</p> <p>The <strong>RES FLUCTIS (<em>Assessing River Embankments Stability to FLoods through Unsaturated Centrifuge Testing In transient Seepage conditions</em>)</strong> project aims at contributing to a better understanding of the effect of time-dependent hydraulic loadings on the stability of a river embankment model, subjected to simulated high-water events, through a series of centrifuge tests.</p> <p>The experiments were carried out at the Schofield Centre of the University of Cambridge (UK), on the 150 g-ton Turner beam centrifuge, with a nominal radius of 4.125 m and a payload of 1000 kg. In the first centrifuge test, water level was gradually increased, up to three incremental elevations, and each of them was maintained until a steady-state flow regime was established within the embankment body.</p> <p>A sequence of hydrometric peaks and drawdowns of constant intensity and duration, was applied in the second test, with the aim of replicating wetting-drying cycles, which river embankments typically experience under site conditions.</p> <p>The small-scale physical model, tested under the enhanced gravity field of 50 g, was characterized by a compacted embankment, made of a natural silty sand, representative for a typical embankment section of the Alpine and Apennine riverbank systems of the main river Po (Northern Italy), which have recently experienced multiple overall collapses and breaches. The earth structure was founded on a fully saturated homogeneous Speswhite kaolin layer, 1D consolidated.</p> <p>To investigate the hydro-mechanical behaviour and the possible failure mechanisms of the CI model, induced by stationary and transient hydraulic boundary conditions, in-house built miniaturized tensiometers, pore pressure transducers, displacement sensors, high-resolution cameras and flow meters were installed.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Microfluidic Chip vs Density Gradient Centrifugation on the Euploidy Rate of Pre-implantation Genetic Testing
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06023472. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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