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FIGURE 5. A in A new species of Cephalodasys (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from the Caribbean Sea with a determination key to species of the genus

FIGURE 5. A) Cephalodasys interinsularis n. sp. Light microscopic image (DIC, ventral view) of a subadult specimen, assembled from two images. The depicted animal is a paratype specimen that is no longer existent. B) An undetermined specimen of Cephalodasys. It represents a very large subadult or post-reproductive animal that had only four instead of five pairs of ventrolateral adhesive tubes. in, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; ph, pharynx; TbA, anterior adhesive tubes; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes.

FIGURE 4. Cephalodasys interinsularis n in A new species of Cephalodasys (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from the Caribbean Sea with a determination key to species of the genus

FIGURE 4. Cephalodasys interinsularis n. sp. Light microscopic images (DIC) of the holotype specimen. A) - C) Head region at different focal planes (dorsal to ventral). Note the paired array of vesicles dorsal to the pharynx (asterisks in B). D) Detail of the posterior trunk region showing the frontal organ. The roundish structure to the left of the frontal organ is the terminal section of the intestine. E) Ventral view of the mid trunk with adhesive tubes and the male gonopore. Note also the finely granular epidermis. F) Posterior adhesive tubes. Note the short associated sensory cilia (arrowheads). G) Mid trunk with paired testes. an, anus; fop, pore of frontal organ; in, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; me, mature egg; mgp, male genital pore; sc, spermatocytes; sd, sperm ducts; sg, spermatogonia; sp, foreign spermatozoa (allosperm) within the frontal organ; TbA, anterior adhesive tubes; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes.

FIGURE 3. Cephalodasys interinsularis n in A new species of Cephalodasys (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from the Caribbean Sea with a determination key to species of the genus

FIGURE 3. Cephalodasys interinsularis n. sp. Light microscopic images (differential interference contrast, DIC) of the holotype specimen, assembled from two images, respectively. A) Ventral view showing the adhesive tubes and locomotory cilia. B) Horizontal focal plane showing internal organs. fo, frontal organ; in, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; me, mature egg; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pores; TbA, anterior adhesive tubes; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis.

FIGURE 6. Cephalodasys interinsularis n in A new species of Cephalodasys (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from the Caribbean Sea with a determination key to species of the genus

FIGURE 6. Cephalodasys interinsularis n. sp. Scanning electron microscopic images of the second paratype specimen (USNM 1274540). A) Habitus, seen from ventral to ventrolateral (animal twisted and damaged). B) Pharyngeal region, lateral view. C) Head region, ventral view. D) Close-up of the anterior adhesive tubes. Note the longitudinal furrow and two apical pores on each tube. E) Close-up of the ventral male genital pore. F) External pore of the frontal organ on the left side. lc, locomotory cilia; mgp, male genital pore; mo, mouth; pp, pharyngeal pores; sc, sensory cilia; TbA, anterior adhesive tubes; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes.

FIGURE 2. Cephalodasys interinsularis n in A new species of Cephalodasys (Gastrotricha, Macrodasyida) from the Caribbean Sea with a determination key to species of the genus

FIGURE 2. Cephalodasys interinsularis n. sp. Schematic drawings of the holotype specimen. Left: Ventral view. Right: Combined dorsal and internal view. an, anus; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ pore; lc, locomotory cilia; me, mature egg; mgp, male genital pore; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pores; sc, sensory cilia; TbA, anterior adhesive tubes; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis.

FIGURE 10 in A description of a new species of Cephalodasys (Macrodasyida: Gastrotricha) from Florida, USA using an integrative morphological approach

FIGURE 10. Schematic drawing of all Cephalodays species showing diagnostic characters of external and internal morphology. Colored organs: caudal organ, dark purple; eggs and oocytes, white with purple contour; frontal organ, pink; TbA, green; TbD, black; TbP, bright orange; TbV; yellow; TbVL, light blue; testes, faded orange.

FIGURE 6 in A description of a new species of Cephalodasys (Macrodasyida: Gastrotricha) from Florida, USA using an integrative morphological approach

FIGURE 6. DIC photomicrographs of juvenile Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Internal view; B: Ventral view of the anterior body; C: Ventral view of the posterior body end. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; i, intestine; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes.

FIGURE 2 in A description of a new species of Cephalodasys (Macrodasyida: Gastrotricha) from Florida, USA using an integrative morphological approach

FIGURE 2. DIC photomicrographs of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Slightly ventral view; B: Internal to dorsal view; C: Ventral view. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ opening; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis.

FIGURE 1 in A description of a new species of Cephalodasys (Macrodasyida: Gastrotricha) from Florida, USA using an integrative morphological approach

FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal body; B: Internal body; C: Ventral body. Abbreviations: an, anus; bc, buccal capsule; co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; fop, frontal organ external opening; i, intestine; lc, locomotory cilia; m, mouth; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ph, pharynx; pp, pharyngeal pore; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sb, sensory bristle; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tubes; TbV, ventral adhesive tube; TbVL, ventrolateral adhesive tubes; te, testis.

FIGURE 9 in A description of a new species of Cephalodasys (Macrodasyida: Gastrotricha) from Florida, USA using an integrative morphological approach

FIGURE 9. CSLM micrographs of the muscles of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. paratype. A–B: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin and DAPI stained photography, muscles in grey and nuclei in cyan. A: Dorsal view; B: Ventral view. C: Dorsal view of the maximum intensity projection (MIP) of the whole specimen, dashed lines indicating the correspondent position of transversal sections of the body. D–K: CLSM virtual transverse section of various parts of the specimen indicated on C. L: Imaris-rendered CLSM image of the connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Asterisk indicates dorsal longitudinal muscles, white arrowhead indicates central ventral longitudinal muscles, yellow arrowhead indicates ventral longitudinal muscles and white arrow indicates connector branch of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle.

FIGURE 8 in A description of a new species of Cephalodasys (Macrodasyida: Gastrotricha) from Florida, USA using an integrative morphological approach

FIGURE 8. False coloring Imaris-rendered CLSM image of a phalloidin-stained photography. A: Dorsal view of the pharynx region; B: Ventral view of the pharynx region, close-up showing the anterior semicircular muscle and the semicircular muscle connector of lm1; C: Dorsal view of the intestine region; D: Ventral intestine region. Abbreviations: an, anal opening; cmi, circular muscles of intestine region; cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening; cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle; dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle; dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle; fop, frontal organ external opening hm, helicoidal muscle; lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1; lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1; lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2; pc, circular muscle of the pharynx; plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle; scm, somatic circular muscles branch; vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle; vm, ventral longitudinal muscle.

FIGURE 7 in A description of a new species of Cephalodasys (Macrodasyida: Gastrotricha) from Florida, USA using an integrative morphological approach

FIGURE 7. Schematic drawing of the muscular architecture of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A: Dorsal muscles; B: Ventral muscles; 1–5: transversal sections of the body, number refers to the body section's position. Abbreviations: an, anal opening (black circle); ascm, anterior semicircular muscle (dark blue); cb, branch connector of somatic and splanchnic circular muscles (green); cmi, circular muscles of intestine region(green); cppo, circular muscles of pharyngeal pore opening (pink); cvm, central ventral longitudinal muscle (yellow); dm, dorsal longitudinal muscle (dark blue); dscm, dorsal semicircular muscle (light orange); hm, helicoidal muscle (light green); lm1, lateral longitudinal muscle 1 (blue); lm1b, anterior branch of lm1; lm1c, semicircular muscle connector of lm1(blue); lm2, lateral longitudinal muscle 2 (light blue); pc, circular muscle of the pharynx (pink); plm, pharyngeal longitudinal muscle (light grey); scm, somatic circular muscles branch (fade green); vlm, ventrolateral longitudinal muscle (red); vm, ventral longitudinal muscle (orange).

FIGURE 4 in A description of a new species of Cephalodasys (Macrodasyida: Gastrotricha) from Florida, USA using an integrative morphological approach

FIGURE 4. DIC photomicrographs of TbV and TbVL of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. A–C: Different focal planes of ventral and ventrolateral surfaces of live paratype. A: TbVL; B: TbV; C: A and B overlayed showing TbV and TbVL in the same image. D–E: Different focal planes of ventral and ventrolateral surfaces of a fixed whole mount specimen. D: TbV; E: TbVL. White arrowhead indicates TbV and black arrowhead indicates TbVL.

FIGURE 5 in A description of a new species of Cephalodasys (Macrodasyida: Gastrotricha) from Florida, USA using an integrative morphological approach

FIGURE 5. DIC photomicrographs of reproductive apparatus of Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Dorsal view of the middle body; B: Close-up of the frontal organ, delimited with a white dashed line; C: Frontal organ opening; D: Caudal organ. Abbreviations: co, caudal organ; fo, frontal organ; foiop, frontal organ internal opening; fop, frontal organ external opening; gp, granular patches; i, intestine; mgp, male gonopore; oo, oocyte; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; te, testis.

FIGURE 3 in A description of a new species of Cephalodasys (Macrodasyida: Gastrotricha) from Florida, USA using an integrative morphological approach

FIGURE 3. DIC photomicrographs Cephalodasys mariannae sp. nov. holotype. A: Ventral view of the head; B: Ventral view of the posterior end; C: PhIJ region; D: Sperm close-up. Abbreviations: ac, acrosome; an, anus; ph, pharynx; ppo, pharyngeal pore opening; sp, sperm; TbA, anterior adhesive tube; TbP, posterior adhesive tube; te, testis.