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FIGURE 8 in Carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from the deep South Pacific (New Caledonia) with the description of three new species of the genus Abyssocladia and remarks on genus Cercicladia

FIGURE 8. Abyssocladia mucronata sp. nov. A—Spicules, general view. B—Mucronate style and enlargement of its head and tip. C—Mucronate style of the attachment base. D—Anisotornote and enlargement of the two ends. E—Arcuate cleistochelae, face and dorsal views. F—Growing stages of arcuate cleistochelae.

FIGURE 6 in Carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from the deep South Pacific (New Caledonia) with the description of three new species of the genus Abyssocladia and remarks on genus Cercicladia

FIGURE 6. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Styles 1. B—Style 1, head and tip of a style 610 µm long. C—Styles 2. D—Styles or substrongyles 3. E—Microstrongyles. F—Arcuate cleistochelae. G—Abyssochelae. H—Arcuate isochelae, probably juvenile, of embryos. I—Sigmancistra and sigmas. J—Style of embryo. K—Microraphide of embryo.

FIGURE 5 in Carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from the deep South Pacific (New Caledonia) with the description of three new species of the genus Abyssocladia and remarks on genus Cercicladia

FIGURE 5. Abyssocladia microstrongylata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Paratype 3, fragments from Station CP4751. C—Fragment with bud of Paratype 3, with reproductive bodies. D—Thin section of a specimen with numerous substrongyles 3. E— Skeleton of a specimen with presumed spermiokystes. F—Spermiokystes in the central axis. G—Embryos in the central axis. H—Embryo in the central axis, with thin styles, isochelae and sigmas.

FIGURE 4 in Carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from the deep South Pacific (New Caledonia) with the description of three new species of the genus Abyssocladia and remarks on genus Cercicladia

FIGURE 4. Abyssocladia kanaconi sp. nov. A—Styles 1 of the axis. B—Style 2. C—Styles 3. D—Arcuate isochelae, profile and dorsal view. E—Abyssochelae 1, face and dorsal views. F—Abyssochelae 2, face and dorsal views. G—Sigmancistra. H—Sigma and sigmancistra.

FIGURE 5 in Cercicladia australis, a new carnivorous sponge with novel chelae from the Tasman Basin and the Argentine Patagonian Margin (Porifera, Cladorhizidae)

FIGURE 5. Patagonia Cercicladia australis gen. nov. sp. nov., spicules from paratype MNCN1.01/640: A. proximal and distal ends of a mycalostyle; B. acanthosubtylostyle (left), proximal and distal ends (right); C. microxea; D. cercichelae at various stages of development, from fully fused to separated teeth (lower right); E. toxa; F. sigmancistras.

FIGURE 2 in Cercicladia australis, a new carnivorous sponge with novel chelae from the Tasman Basin and the Argentine Patagonian Margin (Porifera, Cladorhizidae)

FIGURE 2. Macquarie Ridge Cercicladia australis gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. in situ DTIS image from RV Tangaroa Stn TAN0803/020, Macquarie Ridge, 1106–1209 m, blade width of sponge about 25 mm; B. in situ DTIS image from RV Tangaroa Stn TAN0803/032, Macquarie Ridge, 1091–1697 m, blade width of sponge about 30 mm; C. holotype NIWA 39599 (left), paratype NIWA 39631 (right); D. proximal and distal ends of a mycalostyle; E. microxeas; F. toxa; G. sigmancistras; H. cercichelae at various stages of development, from fully fused (upper) to separated teeth (lower right) (D–H SEM images from the holotype NIWA 39599).

FIGURE 3 in Cercicladia australis, a new carnivorous sponge with novel chelae from the Tasman Basin and the Argentine Patagonian Margin (Porifera, Cladorhizidae)

FIGURE 3. Patagonia Cercicladia australis gen. nov. sp. nov.: A–L ex situ images of paratypes and other specimens; A. paratype MNCN1.01/640, pedicle base (left), remainder of pedicle and blade (right); B. paratype MNHN DCL 4096; C. MNCN 1.01/642; D. MNCN 1.01/648; E. MNCN 1.01/645; F. MNCN 1.01/649; G. MNCN 1.01/643; H. MNCN 1.01/646; I. MNCN 1.01/641; J. MNCN 1.01/651; K. MNCN 1.01/644; L. MNCN 1.01/647; M-Q SEM images of histological details of the blade and filaments; M. showing locations of magnified views in O, N, Q, upper box indicating position of magnified view in O, middle box indicating position of magnified view in N, and lower box indicating position of magnified view in Q; N. primary and filament axes composed of longitudinally arranged, tightly packed, mycalostyles; O. cercichelae and sigmancistras in mesohyl connecting primary and lateral filaments; P. sigmancistras resting on megascleres; Q. sigmancistras in mesohyl connecting tracts within the primary axis (M–Q from MNCN 1.01/641).

FIGURE 1 in Cercicladia australis, a new carnivorous sponge with novel chelae from the Tasman Basin and the Argentine Patagonian Margin (Porifera, Cladorhizidae)

FIGURE 1. Study area showing collection stations for Cercicladia australis gen. nov. sp. nov.: A. Macquarie Ridge, New Zealand, SMT 1=Seamount 1, SMT 3=Seamount 3; B. continental shelf margin off the east coast of Patagonia, south Atlantic, listing collection stations BC5, DR15, DR4 and DR_4.

FIGURE 4 in Cercicladia australis, a new carnivorous sponge with novel chelae from the Tasman Basin and the Argentine Patagonian Margin (Porifera, Cladorhizidae)

FIGURE 4. Patagonia Cercicladia australis gen. nov. sp. nov., skeleton of paratype MNCN1.01/640: A. plan of overall morphology; B. external surface showing felted acanthosubtylostyles; C. detailed view of felted acanthosubtylostyles; D. acanthosubtylostyles; E. sigmancistras resting on mycalostyles of primary axis.

FIGURE 9. Cercicladia australis. A in Carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from the deep South Pacific (New Caledonia) with the description of three new species of the genus Abyssocladia and remarks on genus Cercicladia

FIGURE 9. Cercicladia australis. A—Specimen CP-4753. B—Style. C—Microxea. D—Toxa. E—Sigmancistras. F—Cercichelae. G—General view of the spicules.

FIGURE 7 in Carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from the deep South Pacific (New Caledonia) with the description of three new species of the genus Abyssocladia and remarks on genus Cercicladia

FIGURE 7. Abyssocladia mucronata sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Specimen freshly collected during KANADEEP 2. C—View in situ of specimen B (Lat. 23.07303040°, Long. 168.20463888°, depth 1005 m). D—View in situ of the population in the same place (Lat. 23.07308691, Long. 23.07308691°, depth 1010m). E—polished section of a branch, with numerous foreign bodies. F fixation base and stem.

FIGURE 3 in Carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from the deep South Pacific (New Caledonia) with the description of three new species of the genus Abyssocladia and remarks on genus Cercicladia

FIGURE 3. Abyssocladia kanaconi sp. nov. A—Holotype. B—Paratype 2, dry. C—Paratype 1. D—Thin section though Paratype 1. E—Thin section though Paratype 1; note the presence of a ridge of erected styles, partially cut in the section, in the middle of the main axis, corresponding to the line of conical spines: a, main axis; b, styles of the spines of the middle of the axis; c, anchoring of the filaments; d, feltwork of styles 2 near the base of filaments. F—Longitudinal section through a filament showing the Velcro-like coating of arcuate isochelae. G—Thin section through Paratype 1; note the Velcro-like coating of abyssochelae 1 on the main axis between the filaments. H—Thin section through an embryo with small isochelae, section through Holotype.

FIGURE 2 in Carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from the deep South Pacific (New Caledonia) with the description of three new species of the genus Abyssocladia and remarks on genus Cercicladia

FIGURE 2. Abyssocladia bruuni Lévi, 1964. Holotype. A—Side view and view from underneath. B—Style. C—Head and tip of a style. D—Abyssochelae, front and side views. E—Sigma.

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FIGURE 1 in Carnivorous sponges (Porifera, Cladorhizidae) from the deep South Pacific (New Caledonia) with the description of three new species of the genus Abyssocladia and remarks on genus Cercicladia

FIGURE 1. Distribution map