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FIGURE 4. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B in Morphological assessment of the North Eurasian interspecific hybrid forms of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Cercopagididae)

FIGURE 4. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B. cederströmii, females (A–G, Iriklinskoe Reservoir; H–O—Lake Saimaa, Finland). A–F, H, L–O, postabdominal and caudal claws. G, I–K, bend of caudal process.

FIGURE 3. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B in Morphological assessment of the North Eurasian interspecific hybrid forms of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Cercopagididae)

FIGURE 3. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B. cederströmii, females (A–F, Gor'kovskoe Reservoir; F–J— Verhnekamskoe Reservoir; K, L—the Gulf of Finland). A, brood pouch with resting eggs. B–L, postabdominal and caudal claws.

FIGURE 1. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B in Morphological assessment of the North Eurasian interspecific hybrid forms of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Cercopagididae)

FIGURE 1. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B. cederströmii, females (Rybinskoe Reservoir, Central European Russia). A, general lateral view. B, dorsal seta on proximal part of antennal basipodite. C, setae of distal end of first endopodital segment of tl I. D, E, the same of second endopodital segment of tl I. F, distal part of protopodites of tl II and tl III, outer view. G, apical setae of caudal process. H–R, caudal process and postabdominal and caudal claws. S, caudal process with highly sclerotized parts.

FIGURE 6. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B in Morphological assessment of the North Eurasian interspecific hybrid forms of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Cercopagididae)

FIGURE 6. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B. cederströmii, females (A–G). Bythotrephes sp. x B. cederströmii, females (H–M). (A–F, Lake Gusinoe; G, Lake Zaysan; H–M, Lake Borzu-Khol'). A–E, J, K, postabdominal and caudal claws. F, L, M, bend of caudal process. G, I, setae of distal end of second endopodital segment of tl I. H, the same of first endopodital segment of tl I.

FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic resolution of the North American invasive species of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Cercopagididae)

FIGURE 2. Bythotrephes cederströmii, females and males (Canada: A—Lake Eagle; B—Lac La Croix; C–I—Lake Prairie Bee). Female: A, general lateral view. B, thoracic limb of first pair (tl I). F–H—claws of postabdomen and caudal process. I—bend of caudal process. Male: C, thoracic limb of first pair (tl I). D, inner proximal part of third segment of tl I with clasping hook. E, thoracic limb of forth pair (tl IV) and copulatory appendage.

FIGURE 5 in Unexpected high species richness of Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Cercopagididae) in subalpine Austrian lakes, with the description of new taxa

FIGURE 5. Bythotrephes cf. brevimanus Lilljeborg, 1901, females, Lake Halstättersee (A–C, G– I). Bythotrephes sp., females, Lake Wolfgangsee (D–F, J, K). A, D, setae of distal part of first endopodital segment of tl I. B, C, E, F, setae of distal part of second endopodital segment of tl I. G–K, claws of postabdomen and caudal process.

FIGURE 4 in Unexpected high species richness of Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Cercopagididae) in subalpine Austrian lakes, with the description of new taxa

FIGURE 4. Bythotrephes longimanus austriacus ssp. nov., females: Lake Irrsee (A–C), Lake Erlaufsee (D–F), Lake Wolfgangsee (G, H). A–H, claws of postabdomen and caudal process.

FIGURE 1 in Unexpected high species richness of Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Cercopagididae) in subalpine Austrian lakes, with the description of new taxa

FIGURE 1. Bythotrephes inexpectatus sp. nov., females (A–H) and males (I–K): Lake Toplitzsee (A, B, E, F, I–K) and Lake Altaussee (C, D, G, H). A, general lateral view. B, antennule. C, I, endopodite of thoracic limb of first pair (tl I). D, setae of distal part of first endopodital segment of tl I. E, setae of distal part of second endopodital segment of tl I. F, apical end of distal segment of upper antennal branch (exopodite). G, postabdomen and proximal part of caudal process. H, apical rudimentary setae of caudal process. J, proximal part of distal segment of tl I with clasping hook. K, copulatory appendage.

FIGURE 3 in Unexpected high species richness of Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Cercopagididae) in subalpine Austrian lakes, with the description of new taxa

FIGURE 3. Bythotrephes longimanus austriacus ssp. nov., females: Lake Irrsee (A, F–I, K, L), Lake Erlaufsee (C, D, J, M, N), Lake Wolfgangsee (E, O–R). A, endopodite of thoracic limb of first pair (tl I). B–E, setae of distal part of first endopodital segment of tl I. F–R, setae of distal part of second endopodital segment of tl I.

FIGURE 2 in Unexpected high species richness of Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Cercopagididae) in subalpine Austrian lakes, with the description of new taxa

FIGURE 2. Bythotrephes inexpectatus sp. nov., females, Lake Toplitzsee (A–C, D, F, I) and Lake Altaussee (E, G, H). A–C, thoracic limbs of second (tl II), third (tl III), and fourth (tl IV) pairs, respectively. D–I, claws of postabdomen and caudal process.

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FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic resolution of the North American invasive species of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Cercopagididae)

FIGURE 1. Map of the area of the sampled lakes.

FIGURE 5. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B in Morphological assessment of the North Eurasian interspecific hybrid forms of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Cercopagididae)

FIGURE 5. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B. cederströmii, females (A, B, Lake Onega; C, D, the River Shosha; E, F, Lake Kumichevo; G–L, Lake Chany). A–C, E–L, postabdominal and caudal claws. D, traces of bend of caudal process (enlarged denticles are arrowed).

FIGURE 2. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B in Morphological assessment of the North Eurasian interspecific hybrid forms of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Cercopagididae)

FIGURE 2. Hybrid form Bythotrephes brevimanus x B. cederströmii (the River Volga reservoirs, Central European Russia: A– G—Rybinskoe Reservoir, H–L—Ivan'kovskoe Reservoir, M–R—Uglicheskoe Reservoir; S–U—Mullsjön, Sweden). Female: A–C, M, N, S, bend of caudal process (traces of bend are arrowed); I, J, setae of distal end of second endopodital segment of tl I; K, L, O–R, T, U, postabdominal and caudal claws. Male: D, proximal part of third segment of tl I; E, clasping hook and nearest area, inner view; F, clasping hook, lateral view; G, copulatory appendage.

FIGURE 7 in Morphological assessment of the North Eurasian interspecific hybrid forms of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Cercopagididae)

FIGURE 7. Geographical distribution of Bythotrephes hybrid forms. Bythotrephes brevimanus x B. cederströmii (rhombuses – literature data, black circles – original data). B. arcticus x B. cederströmii (asterisk). Bythotrephes sp. x B. cederströmii (cross).

FIGURE 3 in Taxonomic resolution of the North American invasive species of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Cercopagididae)

FIGURE 3. Bythotrephes cederströmii, females (Canada: A–D—Lake Prairie Bee; E–G—Lake Ellen; H—Lake Long; I–K— Lake Dotty; L, M—Lake Biscotasi; N—Lake Cummings). A, G, N, claws of postabdomen and caudal process. I, proximal part of caudal process. B–F, H, K–M, bend of caudal process. I, J, distal setae of second endopodital segment of thoracic limbs of first pair (tl I).

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomic resolution of the North American invasive species of the genus Bythotrephes Leydig, 1860 (Crustacea: Cladocera: Cercopagididae)

FIGURE 4. Bythotrephes cederströmii, females (Canada: A—Lake Aubrey; B, C—Lake Kagawong; D—Lac La Croix; E–J— Lake Winnipeg). A, B, I, J, claws of postabdomen and caudal process. C, damaged postabdominal claw. H, postabdominal claws of juvenile females. D–G—bend of caudal process.