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FIGURE 7 in Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon 'pumilus' complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar

FIGURE 7. View of the ventrum of three individuals of Chaerephon atsinanana sp. nov. captured the same day and from the same colony at Andasibe, showing the range of variation in ventrum coloration (left to right): Male (FMNH 184504, RHF 068), female (FMNH 184506, RHF 070), and female (FMNH 184508, RHF 072).

FIGURE 6 in Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon 'pumilus' complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar

FIGURE 6. Lateral view of central portion of external right ear and antitragus of different Chaerephon spp.: A – C. atsinanana sp. nov. (FMNH 188144) from Madagascar: Province de Toamasina, Commune Anjiro, Marozevo; B – C. leucogaster (FMNH 188644) from Madagascar: Province d'Antsiranana, Nosy Komba, Ampangorinana; C – C. pumilus sensu stricto (BMNH 19.7.7.334) from Massawa, Eritrea, the type locality of this taxon.

FIGURE 3 in Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon 'pumilus' complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar

FIGURE 3. Different views of skull and mandible of an adult female C. 'pumilus' (eastern Madagascar, described herein as Chaerephon atsinanana sp. nov.) (left set - FMNH 185259, holotype, GSL = 17.0 mm) obtained at Farafangana; adult female C. pumilus sensu stricto (middle set - USNM 38032, GSL = 15.9 mm) collected at Massawa, Eritrea, which is the type locality of this species; and adult female C. leucogaster (right set - FMNH 185228, GSL = 15.4 mm) obtained from Manakara: upper row, dorsal and ventral views of crania and lower row pair, lateral view of crania and mandibles. Arrows indicate differences between the three taxa in the M3 hypoconal flange. (Photograph taken by John Weinstein, FMNH image.)

FIGURE 2 in Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon 'pumilus' complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar

FIGURE 2. Dendrogram based on analyses of 206 nucleotides of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene illustrating relationships between Chaerephon pumilus from the type locality of Massawa, Eritrea, and other Chaerephon clades: C. pumilus sensu lato (Tanzania), C. pumilus sensu stricto (Yemen), C. leucogaster (western Madagascar), C. pusillus (Aldabra), and C. 'pumilus' (eastern Madagascar, described herein as C. atsinanana sp. nov.). All sequenced individuals belonging to the above-mentioned taxa clustered into monophlyletic groups. Chaerephon chapini from mainland Africa, Mops leucostigma, and M. midas are used as outgroups. Nodal support is indicated according to the following analyses: Bayesian posterior probability in standard font (top), bootstrap value (1000 pseudo-replicates) for maximum parsimony analysis in bold font (middle), and neighbor-joining analysis underlined (bottom). Bootstrap values of less than 50% and posterior probabilities of less than 0.7 are not indicated.

FIGURE 1 in Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon 'pumilus' complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar

FIGURE 1. Distribution of Chaerephon 'pumilus' (described herein as C. atsinanana sp. nov.). Map to the left is of the eastern portion of Africa, the Comoros Archipelago, Aldabra, and Madagascar. The larger map to the right of Madagascar illustrates known collection localities of specimens of C. atsinanana (eastern Madagascar) and C. leucogaster. The two species occur in sympatry at Manakara.

FIGURE 5 in Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon 'pumilus' complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar

FIGURE 5. Tree based on analyses of 332 nucleotides of the mitochondrial D-loop illustrating relationships between 40 haplotypes of Chaerephon spp. with respect to the outgroup M. midas from Madagascar (haplotype 41). Nodal support is indicated according to the following analyses used: Bayesian posterior probability in standard font (top), bootstrap value (1000 pseudo-replicates) for maximum parsimony analysis in bold font (middle), and neighbor-joining analysis underlined (bottom). Bootstrap values of less than 50% and posterior probabilities of less than 0.7 are not indicated. Clade designations A, B, C2a, and C2b match those in Fig. 6. Chaerephon 'pumilus' from eastern Madagascar is described herein as C. atsinanana sp. nov.

FIGURE 4 in Patterns of morphological and genetic variation in western Indian Ocean members of the Chaerephon 'pumilus' complex (Chiroptera: Molossidae), with the description of a new species from Madagascar

FIGURE 4. Tree based on analyses of 1031 nucleotides of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene illustrating relationships between 20 haplotypes of Chaerephon spp. with respect to the outgroups Mops leucostigma from Madagascar (haplotypes 22 and 23), M. midas from Madagascar (haplotype 21), and Otomops martiensseni from Kenya (haplotype 24). Nodal support is indicated according to the following analyses used: Bayesian posterior probability in standard font (top), bootstrap value (1000 pseudo-replicates) for maximum parsimony analysis in bold font (middle), and neighbor-joining analysis underlined (bottom). Bootstrap values of less than 50% and posterior probabilities of less than 0.7 are not indicated. Chaerephon 'pumilus' from eastern Madagascar is described herein as C. atsinanana sp. nov.

FIG. 3 in The wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat (Chaerephon plicatus Buchannan, 1800) feeds mainly on brown planthoppers in rice fields of central Thailand

FIG. 3. The average monthly number of male brown planthopper genitalia per pellet (0 ± SE) in the diet of C. plicatus at two caves: Khao Wongkot Cave (KWC) and Khao Chakan Cave (KCC) in central Thailand (2015–2016), as determined by fecal analysis. The yearly average number of genitalia per pellet was 2.16 ± 1.55 (0 ± SE) for KWC and 2.55 ± 1.68 for KCC

FIG. 1. A in The wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat (Chaerephon plicatus Buchannan, 1800) feeds mainly on brown planthoppers in rice fields of central Thailand

FIG. 1. A map of Thailand showing active rice fields and our two study caves housing C. plicatus bats at Khao Wongkot cave (KWC, 70% surrounding rice fields) and Khao Chakan cave (KCC, 22% surrounding rice fields) in central Thailand. The two circle insets show a 20-km radius (approximate bat foraging distance) around each cave [gray: newly planted rice, black: older rice and white: no rice; data from GISTDA, September 2016]

of central in) KCC (Cave Chakan Khao and) KWC ( Cave] Wongkot Acari and, Khao Dermaptera at 2016, September Isoptera, to 2015 Plecoptera, October Psocoptera during, traps Blattodae, suction Odonata in, collected Trichoptera insects, of Orthoptera mass include dry Percent Others [ .. 2. Thailand ABLE T in The wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat (Chaerephon plicatus Buchannan, 1800) feeds mainly on brown planthoppers in rice fields of central Thailand

of central in) KCC (Cave Chakan Khao and) KWC ( Cave] Wongkot Acari and, Khao Dermaptera at 2016, September Isoptera, to 2015 Plecoptera, October Psocoptera during, traps Blattodae, suction Odonata in, collected Trichoptera insects, of Orthoptera mass include dry Percent Others [ .. 2. Thailand ABLE T

FIG. 2 in The wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat (Chaerephon plicatus Buchannan, 1800) feeds mainly on brown planthoppers in rice fields of central Thailand

FIG. 2. Percent volume and percent frequency (0 ± SE) of insect orders found in fecal samples of C. plicatus collected monthly from October 2015 to September 2016 at Khao Wongkot cave (KWC, 70% surrounding rice fields)and Khao Chakan cave (KCC, 22% surrounding rice fields) in central Thailand. [Other: Orthoptera and Hymenoptera combined]

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Fig. 27. Distribution maps. A–B. Chaerephon russatus J.A. Allen, 1917. C–D in The bats of the Congo and of Rwanda and Burundi revisited (Mammalia: Chiroptera)

Fig. 27. Distribution maps. A–B. Chaerephon russatus J.A. Allen, 1917. C–D. Mops (Mops) condylurus (A. Smith, 1833). E–F. Mops (Mops) congicus J.A. Allen, 1917. A, C, E. Distribution in the CRB area. B, D, F. Pan-African distribution.

FIG. 4 in A new species of Chaerephon (Molossidae) from Madagascar with notes on other members of the family

FIG. 4. Different views of cranium of C. jobimena (holotype FMNH 169716). Top — dorsal, middle — ventral, and bottom — lateral. (Photograph taken by John Weinstein, image number Z94380_04d)

FIG. 2 in A new species of Chaerephon (Molossidae) from Madagascar with notes on other members of the family

FIG. 2. Ventral view of the holotype of C. jobimena (FMNH 169716) obtained on 23 January 2001 near Andrafiabe Cave in the Réserve Spéciale d'Ankarana. (Photograph taken by Harald Schütz)

FIG. 1 in A new species of Chaerephon (Molossidae) from Madagascar with notes on other members of the family

FIG. 1. Map showing sites at which Chaerephon sp. nov. has been collected as well as other localities mentioned in text

FIG. 5 in A new species of Chaerephon (Molossidae) from Madagascar with notes on other members of the family

FIG. 5. Canonical variates analysis axes scores for skull (A), body (B), and wing (C) measurements for specimensof Chaerephonansorgei (Δ), C. jobimena sp. nov. (), and C. pumilus (F). Missingvaluesfor some specimens required the separate analysis of skull, body, and wing measurements and the use of only select skull measures. Axes are scaled relative to their eigenvalues. Loading contribution of variables to each axis are shown in Table 4

FIG. 3 in A new species of Chaerephon (Molossidae) from Madagascar with notes on other members of the family

FIG. 3. Drawings of the head of C. jobimena. Upper: lateral view and lower: dorsal view. (Drawing made by Rebecca Kramer)