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FIGURE 11 in A review of the taxonomic status of the New Caledonia Wattled Bat Chalinolobus neocaledonicus Revilliod, 1914 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and Chalinolobus gouldii venatoris Thomas, 1908 from northern Australia

FIGURE 11. Variation in forearm length (FA) of adult Australian and Tasmanian C. gouldii with A, latitude °S; and B, longitude °E. Adapted from fig. 3 of Tidemann (1986). Open symbols are individuals from sites north of latitude 22°S. Localities: 1, Wave Hill, Northern Territory; 2, Mount Isa, Queensland; 3, Alice Springs, Northern Territory and 4, Karonie, Western Australia.

FIGURE 12 in A review of the taxonomic status of the New Caledonia Wattled Bat Chalinolobus neocaledonicus Revilliod, 1914 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and Chalinolobus gouldii venatoris Thomas, 1908 from northern Australia

FIGURE 12. Variation in forearm length (FA) of adult Australian and Tasmanian C. gouldii with A, latitude °S; and B, longitude °E. Adapted from fig. 3 of Tidemann (1986) with additional specimens: solid circles, Tidemann's measurements; diamonds, type series of C. gouldii venatoris Thomas, 1908; open circles, additional field measurements: 1, Douglas River, Northern Territory (Johnson 1964); 2, Cape Cleveland, Northern Territory (n = 6); 3, Georgetown, Queensland (n = 6); 4, Gregory River Downs, Queensland (n = 1); 5, Tom Price, Pilbara, Western Australia (n = 20); 6, Marillana Station, Pilbara, Western Australia (n = 19); 7, Windbar, inland New South Wales (n = 57); 8, Dryandra Woodlands, Western Australia (n = 5) and 9, Otway Ranges, Victoria (n = 56).

FIGURE 8 in A review of the taxonomic status of the New Caledonia Wattled Bat Chalinolobus neocaledonicus Revilliod, 1914 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and Chalinolobus gouldii venatoris Thomas, 1908 from northern Australia

FIGURE 8. Plot of specimen scores on the first two axes of a PCA using a correlation matrix of A, eight cranial measurements; B, the same eight characters and FA. Symbols are: the type series of C. gouldii venatoris (squares), C. neocaledonicus (circles), holotype female of C. g. venatoris (V) and holotype male of C. neocaledonicus (C). Open symbols are males, solid symbols are females.

FIGURE 9 in A review of the taxonomic status of the New Caledonia Wattled Bat Chalinolobus neocaledonicus Revilliod, 1914 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and Chalinolobus gouldii venatoris Thomas, 1908 from northern Australia

FIGURE 9. Species separation on plots of FA (forearm length) vs. A, CON (condylo-basal skull length) and B, canine-posterior molar length (CM3); and C, CON vs. post-orbital constriction (POC). Symbols are: the type series of C. g. venatoris (squares), C. neocaledonicus (circles) and C. nigrogriseus (triangles). V = holotype female of C. g. venatoris, and C = holotype male of C. neocaledonicus (CON not available for incomplete holotype skull of C. nigrogriseus). Open symbols are males, solid symbols are females.

FIGURE 10 in A review of the taxonomic status of the New Caledonia Wattled Bat Chalinolobus neocaledonicus Revilliod, 1914 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and Chalinolobus gouldii venatoris Thomas, 1908 from northern Australia

FIGURE 10. Plot of specimen scores on the first two axes of a PCA using a correlation matrix of A, six cranial measurements; B, the same six characters and FA. Symbols are C. neocaledonicus (circles, C is holotype) and C. nigrogriseus (triangles). Open symbols are males, solid symbols are females.

FIGURE 7 in A review of the taxonomic status of the New Caledonia Wattled Bat Chalinolobus neocaledonicus Revilliod, 1914 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and Chalinolobus gouldii venatoris Thomas, 1908 from northern Australia

FIGURE 7. Plot of forearm length (FA) vs. length of first phalanx of third digit (D3p1) showing separation of type series of C. g. venatoris (squares), C. neocaledonicus (circles), and C. nigrogriseus (triangles). Holotypes are: V, C. g. venatoris female; C, C. neocaledonicus male, and N, C. nigrogriseus indeterminate sex. Open symbols are males, solid symbols are females.

FIGURE 4 in A review of the taxonomic status of the New Caledonia Wattled Bat Chalinolobus neocaledonicus Revilliod, 1914 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and Chalinolobus gouldii venatoris Thomas, 1908 from northern Australia

FIGURE 4. Differences in the relative breadth of the mesopterygoid fossa (pf) in skulls of A, C. gouldii venatoris (NHML 1906.3.9.4, holotype female; image: GH); B, C. neocaledonicus (NHML 1919.10.8.22, female; image: AD). Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 2 in A review of the taxonomic status of the New Caledonia Wattled Bat Chalinolobus neocaledonicus Revilliod, 1914 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and Chalinolobus gouldii venatoris Thomas, 1908 from northern Australia

FIGURE 2. Alcohol-preserved body of NMB 1751, holotype male of C. neocaledonicus: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view (images: AD).

FIGURE 3 in A review of the taxonomic status of the New Caledonia Wattled Bat Chalinolobus neocaledonicus Revilliod, 1914 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and Chalinolobus gouldii venatoris Thomas, 1908 from northern Australia

FIGURE 3. Dorsal and ventral pelage colour in holotype of C. gouldii venatoris A, dorsal view; and B, ventral view; C. neocaledonicus (NHML 1919.10.8.20, female) from Tiare; C, dorsal view; and D, ventral view (images: AD); E and F, adult female C. neocaledonicus from Tendo (image: GH). Scale bar = 4 mm.

FIGURE 6 in A review of the taxonomic status of the New Caledonia Wattled Bat Chalinolobus neocaledonicus Revilliod, 1914 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) and Chalinolobus gouldii venatoris Thomas, 1908 from northern Australia

FIGURE 6. Mean greatest skull length (GL) vs. mean bulla length showing smaller mean bulla length of C. neocaledonicus compared with sample means of C. gouldii (squares) from Tidemann (1986): Tasmania (n = 10), Melbourne, Victoria (n = 9), Norfolk Island (n = 4) and Wave Hill, Northern Territory (n = 9), plus measurements for the holotypes of C. gouldii venatoris (open square) and C. neocaledonicus (open circle).

FIGURE 12 in A new species of lobe-lipped bat (Chalinolobus: Vespertilionidae) from southern Papua New Guinea

FIGURE 12. Locality records of Chalinolobus from the island of New Guinea showing amalgamations of Paijmans vegetation categories: savannah (yellow); mosaics with savannah (orange); woodland (pale green) and mosaics containing woodland (dark green). Elevations above 150 m are in dark red. Six localities from Port Moresby environs (map inset) are: 1, Waigani Sewerage works, 2, PNG Museum & Art Gallery roof, 3, Gordon, 4, Saraga, 5, Champion House and 6, Paga Hill. Second inset shows environs of Kupiano. Vegetation map modified from figure 1 of Joseph et al. (2019) using a vegetation shape file kindly provided by Christopher Wilson, CSIRO Canberra.

FIGURE 11 in A new species of lobe-lipped bat (Chalinolobus: Vespertilionidae) from southern Papua New Guinea

FIGURE 11. Localities of PNG Chalinolobus with vegetation categories of Paijmans (1975), showing 5 km radius circle around locations. a), Bandaber, b), Serki, c), Port Moresby and d), Kupiano. Based on vegetation shape file of Joseph et al. (2019). Abbreviations for vegetation classes are: Sa, savannah; W, woodland, Wsm, swamp woodland; G, grassland, Ga, current and abandoned gardens and plantations, Gsw, swamp grassland; Hsw, herbaceous swamp vegetation; Ma, mangrove; Sc, scrub; FB, littoral forest; Fd, dry evergreen forest; Fsw, swamp forest; FHs, small-crowned lowland hill forest; FHm, medium-crowned lowland hill forest; FPo, open forest on plains; FPs, small crowned forest on plains; FPI, large to medium-crowned forest on plains.

FIGURE 10 in A new species of lobe-lipped bat (Chalinolobus: Vespertilionidae) from southern Papua New Guinea

FIGURE 10. Pelage colour of a), dorsal, and b), ventral surface of paratype of C. orarius sp. nov., AM M.10385 adult female study skin from Port Moresby, PNG, compared to variation in northern C. gouldii from the Gulf of Carpentaria, Qld: c), AM M.8515 adult female, and d), AM M.8516 adult male. (Photos: Harry Leung, AM).

FIGURE 8 in A new species of lobe-lipped bat (Chalinolobus: Vespertilionidae) from southern Papua New Guinea

FIGURE 8. Similarity of the enlarged lobe (white arrow) formed by the downwardly directed, lower ear margin near the angle of the mouth of a) and b), AM M.49709 (PNGM 28231), adult female from Serki, Western Province PNG, paratype of C. orarius sp. nov.; and c), southern Australian C. gouldii, AM M.16073, adult male, Barakula State Forest, NW of Chincilla, Qld. Not to scale. (Photos: a and b, Steve Hamilton; c, Ron Lovatt, AM Digivols).

FIGURE 7 in A new species of lobe-lipped bat (Chalinolobus: Vespertilionidae) from southern Papua New Guinea

FIGURE 7. Plot of specimen scores for the first three axes of a PCA based on a correlation matrix of FA and six skull and dental measurements of 29 Chalinolobus skulls: a) PC 1 vs. PC 2, and b), PC 1 vs. PC 3. Symbols are: C. orarius sp. nov. (rectangles), Australian C. nigrogriseus (circles), Chalinolobus from PNG of indeterminate species previous referred to C. nigrogriseus (inverted triangles), and C. gouldii from northern Australia (triangles) including the type series of C. gouldii venatoris (diamonds). Solid symbols are male, open symbols female. 1, C. sp. indet. (AMNH 193793 female) from Port Moresby, PNG.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of lobe-lipped bat (Chalinolobus: Vespertilionidae) from southern Papua New Guinea

FIGURE 6. Plot of specimen scores for the first three axes of a PCA based on a correlation matrix of four skull and dental measurements of 47 Chalinolobus skulls: a) PC 1 vs. PC 2, and b), PC 1 vs. PC 3. Symbols are: C. orarius sp. nov. (rectangles), Australian C. nigrogriseus (circles), Chalinolobus from PNG of indeterminate species previous referred to C. nigrogriseus (inverted triangles), and C. gouldii from southern Australia (hexagons) and northern Australia (triangles), including the type series of C. gouldii venatoris (diamonds). Solid symbols are male, open symbols female. 1, holotype of C. nigrogriseus, 2, holotype of C. orarius sp. nov. and 3, holotype of C. gouldii venatoris.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of lobe-lipped bat (Chalinolobus: Vespertilionidae) from southern Papua New Guinea

FIGURE 5. Trends of a relatively broader rear palate of C. sp. compared to: a), northern C. gouldii as seen in a plot of maximum breadth from left M3 to right M3 (M3–M3) vs. Outer breadth across upper canines (C1–C1); and b), C. nigrogriseus, from a plot of maxillary tooth row length (CM3) vs. M3–M3.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of lobe-lipped bat (Chalinolobus: Vespertilionidae) from southern Papua New Guinea

FIGURE 4. Trends in differing skull proportions of C. sp.: a), least intertemporal breadth (INT) vs. condylobasal length (CON), showing relatively broader INT than northern C. gouldii; b), CON vs. mastoid breadth (MASB) showing relatively broader MASB than northern C. gouldii and C. nigrogriseus; c), CON vs. zygomatic breadth (ZYG) showing relatively broader ZYG than northern C. gouldii and C. nigrogriseus.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of lobe-lipped bat (Chalinolobus: Vespertilionidae) from southern Papua New Guinea

FIGURE 3. Intermediate body size of C. sp. (rectangles) between C. nigrogriseus and C. gouldii exemplified by: a), Forearm length (FA) vs. Outside breadth across upper canines (C1–C1) for adult males (solid symbols) and females (open symbols). Type specimens are: 1, C. orarius sp. nov. holotype; 2, C. nigrogriseus holotype, sex unknown; 3, C. gouldii venatoris holotype, and 4, C. gouldii lectotype, sex unknown; and b), field forearm length (FA) vs. field body weight (WT) for adult females. Symbols are: Australian C. nigrogriseus (circles), C. sp. indet. PNG (inverted triangles); C. gouldii from southern Australia (hexagons), and northern Australia (triangles) including the type series of C. gouldii venatoris (diamonds). Additional symbols for Fig. 3b are: C. nigrogriseus from WA, NT and Gulf of Carpentaria (dotted circles); C. gouldii northern from Cape Cleveland, NT (crosses, n = 5, Glenn Hoye pers. comm.), and an adult female from Port Essington, NT from Calaby & Keith (1974), solid inverted triangle.

FIGURE 9 in A new species of lobe-lipped bat (Chalinolobus: Vespertilionidae) from southern Papua New Guinea

FIGURE 9. Holotype of C. orarius sp. nov., AM M.15114 adult male from Port Moresby, PNG. (Photo: Ron Lovatt, AM Digivols).