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FIG. 4 in Nitella sonderi A.Braun (Charales, Charophyceae) - a new record for South America, and first record from outside Australia

FIG. 4. — ML phylogenetic tree inferred in PAUP with GTR + I + G nucleotide substitution model from 66 rbcL sequences of Nitella C.Agardh. Support (ML/BI, BP ≥ 50% and PP ≥ 0.95) are given above/below the branches. Branches with 100% BP, 1.00 PP and sequences obtained for this study are shown in boldface. The branch leading to the outgroup was reduced by three quarters in length. Clade designation is according to Sakayama (2008).

FIG. 5 in Nitella sonderi A.Braun (Charales, Charophyceae) - a new record for South America, and first record from outside Australia

FIG. 5. – ML phylogenetic tree inferred in PAUP with GTR + I + G nucleotide substitution model from 56 ITS sequences of Nitella C.Agardh. Support (ML/BI, BP ≥ 50% and PP ≥ 0.95) are given above/below the branches. Branches with 100% BP, 1.00 PP and sequences obtained for this study are shown in boldface. The branch leading to the outgroup was reduced by 50% in length. Clade designation is according to Sakayama (2008).

FIG. 2 in Nitella sonderi A.Braun (Charales, Charophyceae) - a new record for South America, and first record from outside Australia

FIG. 2. – Male plants of Nitella sonderi A.Braun from Argentina (LE): A, whorl of sterile branchlets; B, sterile branchlet; C, apex with whorls of fertile branchlets forming lax head; D, lax apical head consisting of fertile branchlets, embedded in mucilage 3-furcate "prolification" looking as a fertile branchlet without a central secondary ray from the lateral tertiary ray at the furcation of the central secondary ray (double arrowhead); E, last furcations of fertile branchlets with long straight dactyls; F, fertile branchlet with antheridia obviously unequal each other; G, mucilage cover of fertile branchlet (double arrowhead), mucilage cover of branchlet primary ray; H, antheridia at last furcations of branchlet surrounded with short dactyls, arcuate at their basal parts. Note: A-C, arrowheads represent central secondary ray; D, F, G, arrowheads represent surface of mucilage cover. Photos taken by R. Vidal-Russell. Scale bars: A, E, F, 2 mm; B-D, 5 mm; G, H, 1 mm.

FIG. 3 in Nitella sonderi A.Braun (Charales, Charophyceae) - a new record for South America, and first record from outside Australia

FIG. 3. – Male plants of Nitella sonderi A.Braun from Argentina (LE): A, B, cells extending from the node at the base of the lowest branchlet cell at different focus (arrowheads at A); C-E, shortly narrowing ends of bicellulate dactyls with discoloured tiny confluent end cells having thickened cell walls at the tip; F, end of dactyl after loss of end cell; G, H, triangular shields of antheridia. All photos taken by R. E. Romanov, but H by R. Vidal-Russell. Scale bars: 100 μm.

FIG. 1 in Nitella sonderi A.Braun (Charales, Charophyceae) - a new record for South America, and first record from outside Australia

FIG. 1. – Apical parts of Nitella sonderi A.Braun from Argentina with sterile and fertile whorls (LE). Note: arrowhead, sterile whorls; double arrowhead, fertile whorls of male plants. Photo taken by R. E. Romanov. Scale bar: 1 cm.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: First discovery of the charophycean green alga Lychnothamnus barbatus (Charophyceae) extant in the New World

Premise of the study: Although some species of Characeae, known as stoneworts, can be found on every continent except Antarctica, many species and some genera have limited geographic distributions. The genus Lychnothamnus, represented by a single extant species L. barbatus, was known only from scattered localities in Europe and Australasia until it was recently discovered in North America. Methods: Morphological identifications were made from specimens collected in Minnesota and Wisconsin, U.S.A. DNA sequences were obtained for three plastid-encoded genes (atpB, psbC, rbcL) from seven putative Lychnothamnus samples from two states in the U.S.A. Distribution and abundance were estimated in each lake using point intercept surveys where surveyors sampled aquatic vegetation. Key results: Fourteen lakes in Wisconsin and two lakes in Minnesota, U.S.A., were found to harbor Lychnothamnus barbatus. These represent the first report of this rare charophycean extant in the New World. The North American specimens matched the morphological description for L. barbatus and were compared directly with the neotype. Phylogenetic results using three plastid-encoded genes confirmed the identification placing New World samples with those from Europe and Australasia. Our phylogenetic analyses also confirmed the sister relationship between L. barbatus and Nitellopsis obtusa. Conclusions: Because this taxon is not known for aggressive invasiveness in its native range, it may have existed in heretofore-undiscovered native populations, although the possibility that it is a recent introduction cannot be eliminated. The potential for discovery of novel lineages of green algae in even well studied regions is apparently far from exhausted.

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Data from: First discovery of the charophycean green alga Lychnothamnus barbatus (Charophyceae) extant in the New World

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publicJun 2018View details →

FIGURE 48 in Tolypella mongolica (Charophyceae, Characeae): A new dioecious charophyte species from the center of Eurasia and implications for charophyte taxonomy, including the validation of T. porteri and the new combination for T. jwalae

FIGURE 48. Unrooted ML-tree of Tolypella (model TIM1+G) showing the position of the new species based on ITS rDNA sequence data (14 sequences, 875 aligned positions). Prepared by V.Yu. Nikulin. See Fig. 47 legend for details.

FIGURES 38–46 in Tolypella mongolica (Charophyceae, Characeae): A new dioecious charophyte species from the center of Eurasia and implications for charophyte taxonomy, including the validation of T. porteri and the new combination for T. jwalae

FIGURES 38–46. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Altai Mountains (LE), general appearance and sparsely coarsely tuberculate surface, scanning electron microscopy: 38–42—general appearance: 38, 41 & 42—lateral view of oospores with different degree of prominence of tubercles; 39 & 40—basal view; 43–46—sparsely coarsely tuberculate surface with different prominence of tubercles. Scale: 38–42—100 μm, 43—10 μm, 44–46—20 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov.

FIGURES 29–37 in Tolypella mongolica (Charophyceae, Characeae): A new dioecious charophyte species from the center of Eurasia and implications for charophyte taxonomy, including the validation of T. porteri and the new combination for T. jwalae

FIGURES 29–37. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE), different expression of surface sculpture, scanning electron microscopy: 29 & 30—densely coarsely tuberculate surface; 31—different expression of oospore surface at neighboring fossae, from sparsely weakly tuberculate to having complex tubercles at the middle of fossa; 32 & 33—isolated protrusions with acute forked ends; 34—tuberculate surface and tuberculate surface with forked acute protrusions at neighboring fossae; 35–37—surface resembling an aerial view of a mountain landscape. Scale: 29, 31 & 35—40 μm, 30, 32, 33, 34, 36 & 37—20 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov.

FIGURE 1 in Tolypella mongolica (Charophyceae, Characeae): A new dioecious charophyte species from the center of Eurasia and implications for charophyte taxonomy, including the validation of T. porteri and the new combination for T. jwalae

FIGURE 1. Holotype and isotypes of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA-6283). The upper bigger plant is a holotype. Scale: 2 cm. Photograph by R.E. Romanov.

FIGURES 23–28 in Tolypella mongolica (Charophyceae, Characeae): A new dioecious charophyte species from the center of Eurasia and implications for charophyte taxonomy, including the validation of T. porteri and the new combination for T. jwalae

FIGURES 23–28. Oospores of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE), general appearance with different expression of surface sculpture, scanning electron microscopy: 23–25—lateral view; 26—apical view; 27—basal view; 28—tangential view of basal pole. Scale: 100 μm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov.

FIGURES 2–22 in Tolypella mongolica (Charophyceae, Characeae): A new dioecious charophyte species from the center of Eurasia and implications for charophyte taxonomy, including the validation of T. porteri and the new combination for T. jwalae

FIGURES 2–22. Morphological traits of Tolypella mongolica sp. nov., Mongolia (UBA, LE, NHMM): 2–5—apical parts of plants with different numbers of more or less compacted branchlets; 6—whorl of most compacted branchlets; 7—lateral branch; 8–10—basal parts of whorls with well-developed branchlets, arrowhead indicates lateral ray with fructifying node; 11—first node (arrowhead) of richly branched plant; 12—close view of apical whorls of branchlets, arrowhead indicates richly fertile single node of main axis of branchlet; 13—apical whorl of branchlets having two-celled ends; 14—gradually tapering three-celled end of long branchlets; 15–20—basal parts of branchlet whorls and axial nodes with numerous oogonia, arrowheads indicate single richly fertile nodes of branchlets above basal branchlet internode having variable length; 21 & 22—richly fertile single nodes of main axes of branchlets: 21—arrowheads indicate lateral rays; 22—arrowheads indicate nodes of lateral rays. Scale: 2–11—5 mm, 12–18, 20–22—1 mm, 19—2 mm. Photographs by R.E. Romanov.

FIGURES 9–15. Chara foliolosa. 9. Habit. 10 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of Chara (Charophyceae, Characeae) from Brazil with emphasis on the midwest and southeast regions

FIGURES 9–15. Chara foliolosa. 9. Habit. 10. Monoecious plant with oogonium (red arrow) and antheridium (blue arrow) at the same branchlet. 11. Ecorticated basal segment of a branchlet. 12. Apical segment with one ecorticated cell and bract-cells around. 13. Granular aspect of the oospore wall under light microscope. 14. Overview of the oospore SEM. 15. Granular aspect of the oospore wall under SEM.

FIGURES 5–8. Chara braunii 5. Habit. 6 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of Chara (Charophyceae, Characeae) from Brazil with emphasis on the midwest and southeast regions

FIGURES 5–8. Chara braunii 5. Habit. 6. Gametangia conjoined. Oogonium (red arrow) and antheridium (blue arrow). 7. Thallus and branchlets ecorticated. The black arrow indicates stipulodes in one tier. 8. Apical segment of branchlet and two bract-cells around.

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of Chara (Charophyceae, Characeae) from Brazil with emphasis on the midwest and southeast regions

FIGURE 1. Map of Brazil with the location of sampling points. The area highlighted in gray corresponds to the study area.

FIGURE 3 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of Chara (Charophyceae, Characeae) from Brazil with emphasis on the midwest and southeast regions

FIGURE 3. ML Phylogenetic tree based on ITS2 sequences. The numbers associated with the nodes indicate the bootstrap values (BS) for maximum likelihood and posterior probability (PP) for Bayesian analysis; nodes without values indicate BS <70% and PP <0.70. Sequences in bold are the new sequences generated. The clades formed are: 1—C. braunii, 2—C. rusbyana, 3—C. haitensis, 4—C. guairensis, 5—C. foliolosa, 6—C. hydropitys.

FIGURE 2 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of Chara (Charophyceae, Characeae) from Brazil with emphasis on the midwest and southeast regions

FIGURE 2. ML Phylogenetic tree based on rbcL sequences. The numbers associated with the nodes indicate the bootstrap values (BS) for maximum likelihood and posterior probability (PP) for Bayesian analysis; nodes without values indicate BS <70% and PP <0.70. Sequences in bold are the new sequences generated. The clades formed are: 2—C. rusbyana, 3—C. haitensis, 4—C. guairensis, 5—C. foliolosa, 6—C. hydropitys.

FIGURE 4 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of Chara (Charophyceae, Characeae) from Brazil with emphasis on the midwest and southeast regions

FIGURE 4. ML Phylogenetic tree based on matK sequences. The numbers associated with the nodes indicate the bootstrap values (BS) for maximum likelihood and posterior probability (PP) for Bayesian analysis; nodes without values indicate BS <70% and PP <0.70. Sequences in bold are the new sequences generated. The clades formed are: 1—C. braunii, 2—C. rusbyana, 3—C. haitensis, 4—C. guairensis, 5—C. foliolosa, 6—C. hydropitys.

FIGURES 16–22. Chara guairensis. 16. Habit. 17 in Taxonomy and phylogeny of Chara (Charophyceae, Characeae) from Brazil with emphasis on the midwest and southeast regions

FIGURES 16–22. Chara guairensis. 16. Habit. 17. Monoecious plant with sejoined gametangia, with oogonium (red arrow) and antheridium (blue arrow) at the same branchlet. 18. Two ecorticated apical segments. 19. Basal segment of a branchlet and a oogonia. 20. Granular aspect of the osospore wall under light microscope. 21. Overview of the oospore under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). 22. Granular aspect of the oospore wall under SEM.