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AFFIRMO - the interviews: Cheima Amrouch

Get to know Cheima Amrouch PhD student at Ghent University. Get to know the people behind the AFFIRMO project with the series "AFFIRMO - the Interviews". AFFIRMO has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 899871 Find out more on our website: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqa0ppNHNhYjFWSWJEaFdyQk1UVTY1OXBNUmV4UXxBQ3Jtc0tuVlFURmM4X3BUX2M1RjdFNEJORERzdjZuZHA2d1pSdmlhM1J1NVhFY3k4MW1FZDJJbEdrdl81X3lfTWxoak5fT1d6S1p5WFByaFBMOWRuNXZaLXB5Wk5wRGpPUUdhWVlsc1loTHpiZWlaXzJkdm5STQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Faffirmo.eu%2F&v=VkUIop4Zb7k" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">https://affirmo.eu/</a>

FIGURE 14. Phylogenetic relationships between 13 in Subspecies-level systematics and affinities of Cheimas Thieme - an endemic genus of the subparamo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

FIGURE 14. Phylogenetic relationships between 13 species belonging to 9 genera of the Pronophila clade of the subtribe Pronophilina, including 3 subspecies of Cheimas opalinus, with Manerebia inderena Adams & Bernard as an outgroup, based on DNA sequences of COI. Posterior probabilities of nodes are given near the branches.

FIGURE 9 in Subspecies-level systematics and affinities of Cheimas Thieme - an endemic genus of the subparamo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

FIGURE 9. Cheimas male genitalia (lateral view, aedeagus extracted, in lateral and ventral view from its natural position) A. Cheimas opalinus opalinus, La Aguada (prep. genit. 404/21.08.2016)

FIGURE 10 in Subspecies-level systematics and affinities of Cheimas Thieme - an endemic genus of the subparamo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

FIGURE 10. Cheimas male genitalia (lateral view, aedeagus extracted, in lateral and ventral view from its natural position) A. Cheimas opalinus cristalinus, Páramo Cendé (prep. genit. 395/21.06.2016)

Figure 10 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Figure 10. Transition of upper cloud forests and paramo at 3400 m in El Baho (Cordillera de Mérida) with bamboo clumps growing more than 2 m high, the Cheimas opalinus larval host plant (in the left upper corner in the foreground) (photo: B. Benedek, 28 January 2009).

Figure 8 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Figure 8. Cheimas opalinus spectra showing reflectivity of hind wing dorsal wing surface in the discal area for various populations and individuals. (a) C. o. opalinus males (158–159, 180–181) and female (159) with blue-green patch; (b) C. o rosalinus males (162–163) and female (160) with bluegreen patch. (c) C. o. opalinus (165) and C. o. rosalinus (161) females without blue patch.

Figure 6 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Figure 6. Scaling of Cheimas opalinus. (a) C. opalinus opalinus female hind wing dorsal surface showing the edge of the structural colour patch; the folded apices of the colour-generating scales are well visible, as well as the flat ordinary scales with brown coloration; (b) female ventral hind wing surface discal area showing that there are no hairs; (c) male ventral hind wing discal area showing dense hairiness; (d) lateral view of the male wing membrane showing the short hairs more or less perpendicular to the ventral wing surface (upper surface) and the longer hairs of the wing dorsal surface (lower surface) (scale, 1 mm).

Figure 4 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Figure 4. Lasiophila lucuma Pyrcz in copula (Ampay, Peru) illustrating a typical mating posture of Satyrinae, with the female hind wings closed over the male's wings.

Figure 5 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Figure 5. Frequency of the categories of the patch fading and wing damaging indices in males and females of all examined Cheimas opalinus specimens. (a) Males; (b) females (index categories explained in the text; for data table see Online Supplemental Material).

Figure 3 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Figure 3. Different stages of blue patch fading and wing damaging in males and females of Cheimas opalinus: (a) young male of C. o. cristalinus (Pico Tonojo); (b) old male with signs of bird attack (Pico Tonojo); (c) another old male with signs of bird attack (Pico Tonojo); (d) young, virgin female of C. o. opalinus (El Potrero); (e) young, virgin female of C. o. rosalinus (Agua de Obispo); (f) young, mated female of C. o. dominici (El Baho) without patch.

Figure 9 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Figure 9. Mating simulation experiment in Cheimas opalinus dominici. (a) Female hind wing mounted; (b) male hind wing mounted on the female hind wing; (c) male hind wing artificial movement over the female hind wing; (d) faded female dorsal hind wing after removing the male wing at the end of the experiment.

Figure 7 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Figure 7. Scanning electron microscope photographs of Cheimas opalinus opalinus scales: (a) bluegreen (folded) and brown (flat) cover scales; (b) blue-green (folded) cover scales making up the hind wing dorsum structurally coloured patch; (c, d) microstructures of the blue-green colour-generating scale in two magnifications and different views, the periodicity of the cross ribs and the microribs on the side of the ridges are responsible; (e, f) female brown wing areas showing the scales of the hind wing dorsal surface (e) and the area of the blue patch after losing the blue colour-generating scales (f) (scale as indicated).

Figure 2 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Figure 2. Young females of various subspecies of Cheimas opalinus (left column: virgin, right column: mated): (a, b) C. o. dominici (El Baho); (c, d) C. o. opalinus (El Potrero); (e, f) C. o. rosalinus (Paramo El Rosal).

FIGURE 5 in Subspecies-level systematics and affinities of Cheimas Thieme - an endemic genus of the subparamo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

FIGURE 5. Cheimas adults (dorsum)

FIGURE 1 in Subspecies-level systematics and affinities of Cheimas Thieme - an endemic genus of the subparamo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

FIGURE 1. Cheimas adults (dorsum)

FIGURE 2 in Subspecies-level systematics and affinities of Cheimas Thieme - an endemic genus of the subparamo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

FIGURE 2. Cheimas adults (venter)

FIGURE 13 in Subspecies-level systematics and affinities of Cheimas Thieme - an endemic genus of the subparamo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

FIGURE 13. Distribution map of the subspecies of Cheimas opalinus

FIGURE 6 in Subspecies-level systematics and affinities of Cheimas Thieme - an endemic genus of the subparamo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

FIGURE 6. Cheimas adults (venter)

FIGURE 11 in Subspecies-level systematics and affinities of Cheimas Thieme - an endemic genus of the subparamo of the Venezuelan Cordillera de Mérida (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

FIGURE 11. Cheimas female genitalia (lateral view)