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119 results for “Chemical composition”
Raw data mzXML and MATLAB code for Variation in chemical composition of dissolved organic matter during the winter to spring transition in the northern Barents Sea
<p>MATLAB code and raw data mzXML for Variation in chemical composition of dissolved organic matter during the winter to spring transition in the northern Barents Sea.</p> <p>Seawater samples were collected during three distinct periods: early winter (December 2019), late winter (March 2021), and spring (May 2021). The sampling transect extended from the northern Barents Sea into the Nansen Basin (76°N – 83°N) as part of <em>The Nansen Legacy</em> project (Research Council of Norway, RCN #276730). The molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) was analyzed using an Orbitrap mass spectrometer.</p>
Regional Estimates of Chemical Composition of Fine Particulate Matter Using a Combined Geoscience-Statistical Method with Information from Satellites, Models, and Monitors: V4.NA.02.MAPLE
<p>We estimate ground-level fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) total and compositional mass concentrations over North America by combining Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrievals from the NASA MODIS, MISR, and SeaWIFS instruments with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model, and subsequently calibrated to regional ground-based observations of both total and compositional mass using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) as detailed in the provided reference for V4.NA.02. V4.NA.02.MAPLE further modified the V4.NA.02 GWR method with additional developments as part of the MAPLE (Mortality–Air Pollution Associations in Low-Exposure Environments) project. This adjustment was of particular value over low concentrations. The GWR method of individual components remains unchanged from V4.NA.02, but are provided are percentages to ensure mass closure and recommended to be applied to the V4.NA.02.MAPLE total PM<sub>2.5</sub>.</p> <p>Annual datasets are provided in NetCDF [.nc]. Gridded files use the WGS84 projection. Compositional estimates are provided for sulfate (SO4), nitrate (NO3), ammonium (NH4), organic matter (OM), black carbon (BC), mineral dust (DUST), and sea-salt (SS). Percentages are denoted with a ‘p’ after component identifiers within filenames. A slight change in file name has been included for 2017, corresponding to minor internal changes compared to earlier years. Overall, however, the dataset is consistent throughout its entire time period and can be appropriately used for trend analysis.</p> <p><strong>Reference:</strong><br> van Donkelaar, A., R. V. Martin, et al. (2019). <strong>Regional Estimates of Chemical Composition of Fine Particulate Matter using a Combined Geoscience-Statistical Method with Information from Satellites, Models, and Monitors.</strong> Environmental Science & Technology, 2019, doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b06392.</p>
Chemical composition, soil water content and 16S rRNA and ITS gene copy numbers of soil aggregates and bulk soil samples
<p>This repository contains all data to reproduce the analyses presented in "Distinct microbial communities are linked to organic matter properties in millimetre-sized soil aggregates", Simon et al 2024, <em>The ISME Journal </em>(DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae156).</p>
Crossing Treeline: Bacterioplankton community composition in alpine and subalpine lakes of the Rocky Mountain southern ecoregion and associated physical and chemical characteristics
This dataset includes lake water samples collected in the summer of 2016 from 16 different mountain lakes in the Rocky mountains in both Rocky Mountain National Park and the Snowy Range of southern Wyoming. Each lake was sampled twice: once in the early summer when hydrologic connections with the surrounding terrestrial environment were high and again in the late summer when hydrologic connections were low. The main goal of the study was to compare communities of bacterioplankton in alpine and subalpine lakes to determine if communities differed across treeline as soil microbes in the surrounding terrestrial environment were. To do so, we collected water samples from the deepest point of each lake, mixed it with a surface water sample and characterized bacterioplankton communities with 16S sequencing technology. Additionally, we wanted to identify abiotic factors that may correlate with community dissimilarity and characterized a suite of chemical attributes for each lake. Lake characteristics reported included surface temperature, soluble reactive phosphorous (SRP), ammonia (NH3+), pH, total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), and total dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and chlorophyll a (chl-a).
Emission factors and chemical composition of particulate matter from residential biomass combustion
<p>Emission factors and chemical composition of particulate matter from residential biomass combustion.</p>
40Ar/39Ar dating of the East Tenda Shear Zone: Chemical composition of white mica and ages data
<p>In order to clarify the link between <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar record in white mica and deformation, we performed <em>in situ</em> and bulkwise <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar dating over the East Tenda Shear Zone (Tenda massif, alpine Corsica). White micas from 11 samples were selected and extensively analyzed using <em>in situ</em> techniques across nested scales of strain-intensity gradients developed at the expense of a Late-Variscan protolith. <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar systematics are unaffected by inherited Ar and directly linked to deformation with little or no Ar lattice (volume) diffusion. Extensive sampling allows constraining the end of deformation related to burial and exhumation respectively at ~34 and ~22 Ma, bracketing the duration of regional extensional shear to ~12 Myr. Results also highlight a regional strain localization toward the upper contact of the unit with smaller-scale localization in specific lithologies, notably meta-aplites.</p> <p> Second-order complications exist, such as local ill-defined correlations between ages and finite-strain microstructures. Thus, the use of a strain gradient as a proxy for strain localization in time is regionally valid but sometimes locally too complex to track or resolve strain partitioning/localization trends at the meter (outcrop) scale and below. Age mixing and incomplete isotopic homogenization by dissolution/precipitation are identified as the main causes of local discrepancies that complicate the link between age and microstructure and the derivation of strain localization rates. Tracking temporal trends in shear distribution across regional-scale deformation gradients in such settings is possible but requires a multi-scale approach as implemented here to reveal younging patterns associated to strain localization.</p>
Species and sex specific chemical composition in a concealed gland from an internal gland-like tissue of an African frog family
<p><span>Intraspecific chemical communication in frogs is understudied and the few published cases are limited to externally visible and male-specific breeding glands. Frogs of the family Odontobatrachidae, a West African endemic complex of five morphologically cryptic species, have large, fatty gland-like strands along their lower mandible. We investigated the general anatomy of this strand and analyzed its chemical composition. We found the strand to be present in males and females of all species. The strand varies in markedness, with well-developed strands usually found in reproductively active individuals. Although the strands are situated under the skin, they are connected to particular skin sections, the vocal sac in male frogs and a respective area in females. Gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry and multivariate analysis revealed, that the strands contain sex- and species-specific chemical profiles, which are consistent across geographically distant populations. The profiles varied between reproductive and non-reproductive individuals. Our results indicate that the gland-like strand in the Odontobatrachidae comprise a so far overlooked type of breeding related organ, potentially a gland, that most likely plays a role in the mating and/or breeding behavior of the five Odontobatrachus species. Our results highlight the relevance of multimodal signaling in anurans, and indicate that chemical signaling may not be restricted to sexually dimorphic, apparent skin glands.</span></p>
Chemical composition and sources of organic aerosol on the Adriatic coast in Croatia
<p>Air pollution studies are still scarce in some areas in Europe like around the Adriatic Sea. Source apportionment of the fine particulate (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) organic aerosol (OA) was conducted near Rogoznica, a small touristic settlement on the Eastern Adriatic coast of Croatia, near Lake Rogoznica (43.53° N, 15.95° E). Filter-based offline analyses of PM by a high resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and an extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF) were used to apportion OA to its sources. We quantified the contributions of fresh biomass burning OA (BBOA) and three oxygenated OA (OOA), denoted as background OOA (bkgOOA), summer OOA (SOOA), and sulfur-containing OOA (SC-OOA). The bkgOOA component correlates with anthropogenically influenced secondary inorganic aerosol constituents (e.g. sulfate) and dominates OA both during the warm and cold seasons (44%). It exhibits characteristics of regional SOA and there are indications that during the warm season SOA from wildfires could be substantial contributors. EESI-TOF measurements of the levoglucosan related ion showed a high correlation with the BBOA factor. Secondary OA has a similar molecular composition during the cold and warm seasons – in line with the large contribution of bkgOOA throughout the investigated seasons. SOOA comprises 19% of total OA and increases exponentially with the local temperature, consistent with SOA production by oxidation of biogenic emissions. In addition to biogenic precursors, other precursors (alkanes and aromatic) plausibly also contribute to the SOOA enhancement during the warm season. SC-OOA is a minor contributor to OA (6%) and is most likely linked to emissions from a close-by marine lake.</p>
Multi-year dataset for groundwater level, temperature, and chemical and isotopic compositions of different water bodies in an alpine catchment on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China
<p>Here we provide the multi-year dataset for groundwater level, temperature, and chemical and isotopic compositions of different water bodies in an alpine catchment on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. The first file contains monitoring data, including groundwater levels and ground temperatures. The second file includes the results of the sample analyses as well as the numbers and locations of the sampling sites.</p>
Dataset for Influence of Aerosol Chemical Composition on Condensation Sink Efficiency and New Particle Formation in Beijing
<p>This dataset includes one year long measurements of particle number size distributions, chemical composition of PM2.5, gaseous precursors, and meteorological parameters in urban Beijing, China, from March 1, 2018, to March 1, 2019. It is the supplementary data for "Influence of Aerosol Chemical Composition on Condensation Sink Efficiency and New Particle Formation in Beijing", which is published by Environmental Science & Technology Letter. Please cite: Wei Du, Jing Cai, Feixue Zheng, Chao Yan, Ying Zhou, Yishuo Guo, Biwu Chu, Lei Yao, Liine M. Heikkinen, Xiaolong Fan, Yonghong Wang, Runlong Cai, Simo Hakala, Tommy Chan, Jenni Kontkanen, Santeri Tuovinen, Tuukka Petäjä, Juha Kangasluoma, Federico Bianchi, Pauli Paasonen, Yele Sun, Veli-Matti Kerminen, Yongchun Liu, Kaspar R. Daellenbach, Lubna Dada, and Markku Kulmala Environmental Science & Technology Letters Article ASAP DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00159</p>
Data from: Composition of a chemical signalling trait varies with phylogeny and precipitation across an Australian lizard radiation
<p>The environment presents challenges to the transmission and detection of animal signalling systems, resulting in selective pressures that can drive signal divergence among populations in disparate environments. For chemical signals, climate is a potentially important selective force because factors such as temperature and moisture influence the persistence and detection of chemicals. We investigated an Australian lizard radiation (<em>Heteronotia</em>) to explore relationships between a sexually dimorphic chemical signalling trait (epidermal pore secretions) and two key climate variables: temperature and precipitation. We reconstructed the phylogeny of <em>Heteronotia</em> with exon capture phylogenomics, estimated phylogenetic signal in among-lineage chemical variation, and assessed how chemical composition relates to temperature and precipitation using multivariate phylogenetic regressions. High estimates of phylogenetic signal indicate that the composition of epidermal pore secretions varies among lineages in a manner consistent with Brownian motion; although there are deviations to this, with stark divergences coinciding with two phylogenetic splits. Accounting for phylogenetic non-independence, we found that among-lineage chemical variation is associated with geographic variation in precipitation but not temperature. This contrasts somewhat with previous lizard studies, which have generally found an association between temperature and chemical composition. Our results suggest that geographic variation in precipitation can affect the evolution of chemical signalling traits, possibly influencing patterns of divergence among lineages and species.</p> <p> </p>
FIGURE 15 in X-ray Microanalysis and the Chemical Elemental Composition of Gorgonian and Pennatulacean Axial Structures (Anthozoa, Octocorallia)
FIGURE 15. Line chart of the between-taxa elemental weight percentage comparison of both gorgonians and sea pens
FIGURE 12 in X-ray Microanalysis and the Chemical Elemental Composition of Gorgonian and Pennatulacean Axial Structures (Anthozoa, Octocorallia)
FIGURE 12. Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) linescan dataset. (A) EDS linescan site of interest BSE image in a cross-sectional view of a sea pen Stylatula sp. axial skeleton acquired by INCA Energy software using same region as Figure 11, horizontal linescan through the middle of the axis was applied for EDS analysis to examine the distribution of elements along the line. Scale bar = 900 μm. (B) Element linescan result displaying grouped linescans as colored: carbon (red), oxygen (orange), fluorine (yellow), sodium (green), magnesium (light green), aluminum (bright green), silicon (aqua), sulfur (light blue), calcium (blue), strontium (pink), ytterbium (purple), iron (hot pink).
FIGURE 10 in X-ray Microanalysis and the Chemical Elemental Composition of Gorgonian and Pennatulacean Axial Structures (Anthozoa, Octocorallia)
FIGURE 10. Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) linescan dataset. (A) EDS linescan site of interest BSE image in a cross-sectional view of a sea pen Virgularia sp. axial skeleton acquired by INCA Energy software using same region as Figure 9, horizontal linescan through the middle of the axis was applied for EDS analysis to examine the distribution of elements along the line. (B) Element linescan result displaying grouped linescans as colored: carbon (purple), oxygen (bright green), fluorine (pink), sodium (blue), magnesium (green), sulfur (teal), chlorine (red), calcium (light green), ytterbium (gold). (C) Sum spectrum of the linescan. Scale bar = 1 mm. (D) Bar chart of the quantitative results from the sum spectrum.
FIGURE 9 in X-ray Microanalysis and the Chemical Elemental Composition of Gorgonian and Pennatulacean Axial Structures (Anthozoa, Octocorallia)
FIGURE 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of a cross-sectional view of a sea pen Virgularia sp. axial skeleton. (A) In this secondary electron (SE) image a great degree of the radiating patterns well-arranged across the whole axial surface can be observed, such character is also used in the morphological phylogenetic studies of the calcaxonian gorgonians and sea pens. Scale bar = 200 μm. (B) Back-scattered electron (BSE) image. There seemed to be some chemical composition contrast appearing darker in the central portion of the axis, though several between-site area scans were performed, yet no differences in chemical composition can be found (data not shown); however, the between-site changes on weight percentage value of some elements can be detected as shown in the next Figure 10B. Scale bar = 200 μm.
FIGURE 5 in X-ray Microanalysis and the Chemical Elemental Composition of Gorgonian and Pennatulacean Axial Structures (Anthozoa, Octocorallia)
FIGURE 5. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs of a cross-sectional view of a gorgonian Ellisella sp. axial skeleton. (A) Secondary electron (SE) image. The axis of Ellisella sp. is featured by the concentric growth rings resembling that in trees, also by the slightly radiating patterns on the surface. These characters are useful for comparative morphology studies on calcaxonian gorgonians and sea pens. Scale bar = 200 μm. (B) Back-scattered electron (BSE) image. The compositional change is minute since again no detectable contrast is observed in the image though the topographical contrast is apparent like that in the SE image. Scale bar = 200 μm.
FIGURE 2 in X-ray Microanalysis and the Chemical Elemental Composition of Gorgonian and Pennatulacean Axial Structures (Anthozoa, Octocorallia)
FIGURE 2. Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) area scan dataset. (A) EDS site of interest BSE image in a cross-sectional view of a gorgonian Isis hippuris axial skeleton acquired by INCA Energy software using the same region as Figure 1, where spectrum 1 was collected across the full span of the maximum horizontal length of the axial surface and spectrum 2 was collected across the full span of the maximum vertical length of the axial surface. Scale bar = 100 μm. (B) Bar chart of the quantitative results from (C) spectrum 1 for reference in that the analytical results of the two sites are fairly similar as presented in Table 1.
Figure 1 in Interaction between biological aspects of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and some chemical composition in two colored Acalypha wilkesiana Müll. Arg. (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) leaves
Figure 1. Graph of Pearson's correlation analysis among the different studied leaf parameters including the chemical analysis of Acalypha leaves and the T. urticae female characteristics. The colors represent variations in the obtained data. * indicates the significant at P-value <0.05.
Raw data for "Benchmarking the in vitro toxicity and chemical composition of plastic consumer products"
<p>These files are associated with the publication "Benchmarking the in vitro toxicity and chemical composition of plastic consumer products" published in Environmental Science & Technology at <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02293">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02293</a>.</p> <p>Raw data files for the non-target chemical analysis performed on consumer plastics using GC-QTOF-MS (Agilent .D format).</p> <p>FTIR spectra of the plastic products (pdf format).</p>
Figure 6 in Chemical composition and phytotoxicity of essential oils of Croton doctoris S. Moore (Euphorbiaceae)
Figure 6. Effects of different concentrations of essential oils (EO) from stem and leaves of C. doctoris on peroxidase (A), catalase (B) and superoxide dismutase (C) in lettuce and onion seedlings. Letters above the bars that are different from the letter above the control group indicate statistical difference between them (Dunnet test, p <0.05).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.