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Fig. 5 in Three New Infaunal Species of Taeniogyrus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae: Taeniogyrinae) from Southern Coast of Wakayama, Japan

Fig. 5. External and internal morphologies of Taeniogyrus flavus sp. nov. A, D, G–I: holotype (WMNH-INV-2016-135); B, E: paratype (WMNH-INV-2016-138); C, F: paratype (WMNH-INV-2016-137). A, B, Lateral views of preserved states of the holotype and paratype, respectively; C, F, Right internal views of preserved states of a paratype (WMNH-INV-2016-137); D, E, tentacles of left side (viewed from oral disc) of the holotype and paratype, respectively; G, H, microphotograph of anterior dorsal skin of the holotype containing ossicles; I, microphotograph of ciliated funnels of the holotype. Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; av, anterior ventral; CR, calcareous ring; fun: ciliated funnels; lm: longitudinal muscle; M, madreporite; pd, posterior dorsal; POL, Polian vesicle; pv, posterior ventral; SC, stone canal; te, tentacle.

Fig. 8 in Three New Infaunal Species of Taeniogyrus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae: Taeniogyrinae) from Southern Coast of Wakayama, Japan

Fig. 8. SEM image of calcareous ring parts and body ossicles of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–D: holotype (WMNH-INV-2019-299); E, F: paratype (WMNH-INV-2021-50). A, Right parts of calcareous ring (viewed from right side, dorsal upper); B–D, rod ossicles from a lateral tentacle (B), wheel ossicles from a wheel papilla of anterior dorsal skin (C), and sigmoid-hook ossicles from anterior dorsal skin (D); E, F, calcareous plates of medioventral RI (E) and mediodorsal IR5 (F) (anterior upper). Abbreviations: ro, rod ossicles; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicles; wh, wheel ossicles; wh', internal side of wheel ossicles.

Fig. 3 in Three New Infaunal Species of Taeniogyrus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae: Taeniogyrinae) from Southern Coast of Wakayama, Japan

Fig. 3. SEM images of ciliated funnels of holotypes of three new Taeniogyrus species. A, T. albulus sp. nov. (WMNH-INV- 2017-100); B, T. flavus sp. nov. (WMNH-INV-2016-135); C, T. rubrus sp. nov. (WMNH-INV-2019-299).

Fig. 2 in Three New Infaunal Species of Taeniogyrus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae: Taeniogyrinae) from Southern Coast of Wakayama, Japan

Fig. 2. External and internal morphologies of Taeniogyrus albulus sp. nov. A–G: holotype (WMNH-INV-2017-100); H: paratype (WMNH- INV-2018-23). A, B, Lateral views of preserved state and anaesthetized state, respectively; C, tentacles of left side (viewed from left side, dorsal upper); D, ciliated funnels along with lm RI (anterior left); E–G, microphotograph of anterior dorsal skin containing ossicles (E), anterior ventral skin containing ossicles (F), and ciliated funnels (G); H, left internal view of preserved states (anterior left). Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; av, anterior ventral; CR, calcareous ring; fun: ciliated funnels; lm: longitudinal muscle; M, madreporite; pd, posterior dorsal; POL, Polian vesicle; pv, posterior ventral; SC, stone canal; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicle; te, tentacle; wh, wheel ossicle.

Fig. 1. Map showing the Kii Peninsula. Blank circles and a in Three New Infaunal Species of Taeniogyrus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae: Taeniogyrinae) from Southern Coast of Wakayama, Japan

Fig. 1. Map showing the Kii Peninsula. Blank circles and a solid black circle denote the sampling sites, for the three new taeniogyrid species of the present study and the previous studies (Yamana and Tanaka 2017a; Yamana et al. 2017), respectively.

Fig. 7 in Three New Infaunal Species of Taeniogyrus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae: Taeniogyrinae) from Southern Coast of Wakayama, Japan

Fig. 7. External and internal morphologies of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–E: paratype (WMNH-INV-2020-33); F–I: paratype (WMNH- INV-2021-50). A, B, Dorsal views of preserved state with anaesthetization and active state without anaesthetization, respectively; C–E, microphotographs of tentacles of left side (viewed from oral disc) (C), ciliated funnels situated along with lm RII (D) (anterior left), and anterior dorsal skin containing ossicles (E); F–I, microphotographs of discharging phase of wheel-papillae (F), discharged wheel-papillae (G), ciliated funnels (H), right internal view of preserved states (I) (anterior right). Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; av, anterior ventral; CR: calcareous ring; fun: ciliated funnels; lm: longitudinal muscle; M: madreporite; pd, posterior dorsal; POL: Polian vesicle; pv, posterior ventral; SC: stone canal; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicle; te, tentacle.

Fig. 6 in Three New Infaunal Species of Taeniogyrus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae: Taeniogyrinae) from Southern Coast of Wakayama, Japan

Fig. 6. SEM image of calcareous ring parts and body ossicles of Taeniogyrus flavus sp. nov. A–D, F: holotype (WMNH-INV-2016-135); E: small-sized paratype (WMNH-INV-2016-140); G: middle sized paratype (WMNH-INV-2016-137). A, Right parts of calcareous ring (viewed from right side, dorsal upper); B–D, rod ossicles from a lateral tentacle (B), wheel ossicles from a wheel papilla of anterior dorsal (C), and sigmoid-hook ossicles from anterior dorsal skin (D); E–G, calcareous plate RI and IR5 of a small-sized paratype (E), RI of holotype (F), and IR5 of a middle-sized paratype (G) (anterior upper). Abbreviations: ro, rod ossicles; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicles; wh, wheel ossicles; wh', internal side of wheel ossicles.

Fig. 4 in Three New Infaunal Species of Taeniogyrus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae: Taeniogyrinae) from Southern Coast of Wakayama, Japan

Fig. 4. SEM images of calcareous ring parts and body ossicles of Taeniogyrus albulus sp. nov. A–E: holotype (WMNH-INV-2017-100); F: paratype (WMNH-INV-2017-101). A, Right parts of calcareous ring (viewed from right side, dorsal upper); B–D, wheel ossicles from a wheel papilla of anterior dorsal (B), curved rod ossicles (C) and sigmoid-hook ossicles (D) from anterior dorsal skin; E, rod ossicles from a lateral tentacle; F, calcareous plate IR5 of a paratype.

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Linked collectors and determiners for: Partial redescriptions of three holothurians with " hook papillae " (Apodida Chiridotidae): Taeniogyrus japonicus (Marenzeller, 1882), T. dendyi (Mortensen 1925), Scoliorhapis theelii (Heding, 1928).

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Partial redescriptions of three holothurians with " hook papillae " (Apodida Chiridotidae): Taeniogyrus japonicus (Marenzeller, 1882), T. dendyi (Mortensen 1925), Scoliorhapis theelii (Heding, 1928)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/653f12df-811e-4693-ac19-50f7b109d51a">https://bionomia.net/dataset/653f12df-811e-4693-ac19-50f7b109d51a</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/653f12df-811e-4693-ac19-50f7b109d51a">https://gbif.org/dataset/653f12df-811e-4693-ac19-50f7b109d51a</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

FIG. 13 in Partial redescriptions of three holothurians with "hook papillae" (Apodida Chiridotidae): Taeniogyrus japonicus (Marenzeller, 1882), T. dendyi (Mortensen 1925), Scoliorhapis theelii (Heding, 1928)

FIG. 13. Scoliodota theelii Heding, two syntypes of the Zoological Museum of University of Copenhagen (ZMUC). A–C, lateral views of the "♀" specimen of the ZMUC-HOL-220 (A); the "♂" specimen of the ZMUC-HOL-220 (B); enlarged photo of its anterior body surface (B') and calcareous ring of the "♂" specimen of the ZMUC-HOL-220 (C), anterior left, dorsal upper. D and E, microphotograph of skin containing ossicles in anterior dorsal side of the "♀" specimen of the ZMUC-HOL-220 (D); and the "♂" specimen of the ZMUC-HOL-220 (E). Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; ca, calcareous ring; po, Polian vesicle; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicle; te, tentacles.

FIG. 12 in Partial redescriptions of three holothurians with "hook papillae" (Apodida Chiridotidae): Taeniogyrus japonicus (Marenzeller, 1882), T. dendyi (Mortensen 1925), Scoliorhapis theelii (Heding, 1928)

FIG. 12. Scoliodota dendyi (Mortensen) comb. nov., two syntypes deposited in the Zoological Museum of University of Copenhagen (ZMUC). A, B, ossicles from anterior dorsal body wall of the smallest specimen of the ZMUC-HOL-57 (A); and ossicles from anterior dorsal body wall and tentacle of the largest specimen of the ZMUC-HOL-58 (B). Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; te, tentacle.

FIG. 14. Scoliodota theelii Heding, 1928 in Partial redescriptions of three holothurians with "hook papillae" (Apodida Chiridotidae): Taeniogyrus japonicus (Marenzeller, 1882), T. dendyi (Mortensen 1925), Scoliorhapis theelii (Heding, 1928)

FIG. 14. Scoliodota theelii Heding, 1928, two syntypes of the Zoological Museum of University of Copenhagen (ZMUC). A, B, ossicles from anterior dorsal body wall of the "♂" specimen of the ZMUC-HOL-220 (A); and ossicles from anterior dorsal body wall and tentacle of the "♀" specimen of the ZMUC-HOL-220 (B). Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; te, tentacle.

FIG. 9 in Partial redescriptions of three holothurians with "hook papillae" (Apodida Chiridotidae): Taeniogyrus japonicus (Marenzeller, 1882), T. dendyi (Mortensen 1925), Scoliorhapis theelii (Heding, 1928)

FIG. 9. SEM images of the Sado form specimens of adult (A–E) and young (F, G) Scoliodota japonica (Marenzeller). A–E, SEM images of WMNH-INV-2019-319. Calcareous ring of right side, viewed from right side, anterior right, dorsal upper (A); ossicles of anterior ventral body wall (B); posterior ventral body wall (C); anterior dorsal body wall (D); and posterior dorsal body wall (E). F, G, SEM images of WMNH-INV-2020-22; anterior dorsal body wall (F); and posterior dorsal body wall (G).

FIG. 10 in Partial redescriptions of three holothurians with "hook papillae" (Apodida Chiridotidae): Taeniogyrus japonicus (Marenzeller, 1882), T. dendyi (Mortensen 1925), Scoliorhapis theelii (Heding, 1928)

FIG. 10. Microphotograph of Scoliorhapis dianthus Solis-Marin et al. preserved skin. The microphotograph was prepared based on a tissue sample taken from dorsal/central body part of the holotype.

FIG. 11 in Partial redescriptions of three holothurians with "hook papillae" (Apodida Chiridotidae): Taeniogyrus japonicus (Marenzeller, 1882), T. dendyi (Mortensen 1925), Scoliorhapis theelii (Heding, 1928)

FIG. 11. Scoliodota dendyi (Mortensen) comb. nov., two syntypes of the Zoological Museum of University of Copenhagen (ZMUC), lateral views of largest specimen of the ZMUC-HOL-58 (A) and enlarged photo of it's anterior body surface (A'); smallest specimen of the ZMUC-HOL-57 (B); calcareous ring of of largest specimen of the ZMUC-HOL-58 (C), anterior left, dorsal upper. D and E, microphotograph of skin containing ossicles in anterior dorsal side of the largest specimen of the ZMUC- HOL-58 (D); and the smallest specimen of the ZMUC-HOL-57 (E). Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; ca, calcareous ring; go, gonad; po, Polian vesicle; ro, retractor organ (with cutting off by Mortensen or Heding); sh, sigmoid-hook ossicle; te, tentacles; wh, wheel ossicle.

FIG. 8. A–D in Partial redescriptions of three holothurians with "hook papillae" (Apodida Chiridotidae): Taeniogyrus japonicus (Marenzeller, 1882), T. dendyi (Mortensen 1925), Scoliorhapis theelii (Heding, 1928)

FIG. 8. A–D, microphotograph of preserved skin of the Sado form specimens of adult (A) and young (B–D) Scoliodota japonica (Marenzeller). Containing ossicles in anterior dorsal side of WMNH-INV-2019-319 (A); anterior dorsal side of WMNH-INV- 2018-79 (B); anterior dorsal side (C) and posterior dorsal side (D) of WMNH-INV-2020-22. Abbreviations: sh, sigmoid-hook ossicle; wh, wheel ossicle.

FIG. 6. A–D in Partial redescriptions of three holothurians with "hook papillae" (Apodida Chiridotidae): Taeniogyrus japonicus (Marenzeller, 1882), T. dendyi (Mortensen 1925), Scoliorhapis theelii (Heding, 1928)

FIG. 6. A–D, SEM images of the Iwami form specimens of young Scoliodota japonica (Marenzeller). WMNH-INV-2017-172, ossicles of anterior dorsal body wall (A); posterior dorsal body wall (B); anterior ventral body wall (C); and posterior ventral body wall (D).

FIG. 4. A–E in Partial redescriptions of three holothurians with "hook papillae" (Apodida Chiridotidae): Taeniogyrus japonicus (Marenzeller, 1882), T. dendyi (Mortensen 1925), Scoliorhapis theelii (Heding, 1928)

FIG. 4. A–E, SEM images of ossicles and parts of the calcareous ring of the Iwami form specimen of adult Scoliodota japonica (Marenzeller). WMNH-INV-2017-169, outer surface calcareous ring of right side, dorsal upper (A); ossicles of anterior ventral body wall (B); posterior ventral body wall (C); anterior dorsal body wall (D); and posterior dorsal body wall (E). Abbreviations: an, anterior notch; ap, anterior projection; pd, posterior depression.

FIG. 7. A–E in Partial redescriptions of three holothurians with "hook papillae" (Apodida Chiridotidae): Taeniogyrus japonicus (Marenzeller, 1882), T. dendyi (Mortensen 1925), Scoliorhapis theelii (Heding, 1928)

FIG. 7. A–E, lateral views of the Sado form specimens of Scoliodota japonica (Marenzeller). Living (A) and preserved (B) states of WMNH-INV-2019-320 (anterior left, dorsal under); preserved states of WMNH-INV-2019-319 (C, anterior left, dorsal upper), WMNH-INV-2019-324 (D, anterior left, dorsal upper), WMNH-INV-2020-22 (E, anterior left, dorsal upper). Tentacles from oral side (F) of WMNH-INV-2019-324. Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; av, anterior ventral; dd, distal digits; pd, posterior dorsal; pv, posterior ventral; RI, medioventral calcareous ring; ro, retractor organ; rte, removed tentacle; te, tentacle.

FIG. 3. A–D in Partial redescriptions of three holothurians with "hook papillae" (Apodida Chiridotidae): Taeniogyrus japonicus (Marenzeller, 1882), T. dendyi (Mortensen 1925), Scoliorhapis theelii (Heding, 1928)

FIG. 3. A–D, microphotograph of preserved skin of the anterior dorsal side Iwami form specimens of adult (A, B) and young (C, D) Scoliodota japonica (Marenzeller). Containing ossicles in skin of WMNH-INV-2017-169 (A); WMNH-INV-2017-170 (B); WMNH-INV-2017-171 (C); and WMNH-INV-2017-172 (D). Abbreviations: sh, sigmoid-hook ossicle; wh, wheel ossicle.