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15 results for “Chlorocebus”
Figure 2 in Forest monkeys and Pleistocene refugia: a phylogeographic window onto the disjunct distribution of the Chlorocebus lhoesti species group
Figure 2. All possible patterns of relationships among the lhoesti group species. A, topology consistent with a vicariant scenario in which the distribution of a widespread common ancestor fragments into three segments – nearly simultaneously – as the result of habitat deterioration associated with a Pleistocene glacial cycle. B, topology consistent with an alternative vicariant scenario, in which ancestral populations of Chlorocebus preussi and Chlorocebus solatus remain in contact for a short time after the divergence of Chlorocebus lhoesti, because the former two stocks range within the same Pleistocene refuge. C, tree consistent with a dispersal hypothesis in which early C. preussi populations (following divergence from C. solatus) migrate along the northern rim of the Congo Basin, and found a new lineage (C. lhoesti) in the Albertine region (see Fig. 1). D, tree consistent with a dispersal hypothesis in which early C. solatus populations (following divergence from C. preussi) conduct a similar transcontinental migration, but along the southern rim of the Congo Basin (see Fig. 1).
Savanna monkey (Chlorocebus spp.) population genetics/genomics pipeline
<p>In the last 300 thousand years, the genus <em>Chlorocebus</em> expanded from equatorial Africa into the southernmost latitudes of the continent, where colder climate was a likely driver of natural selection. We investigated population-level genetic variation in the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (<em>UCP1</em>) gene region—implicated in non-shivering thermogenesis (NST)— in 73 wild savanna monkeys from three taxa representing this southern expansion (<em>Chlorocebus</em> <em>pygerythrus</em> <em>hilgerti</em>, <em>Chlorocebus</em> <em>cynosuros</em> and <em>Chlorocebus</em> <em>pygerythrus</em> <em>pygerythrus</em>) ranging from Kenya to South Africa. We found 17 SNPs with extended haplotype homozygosity consistent with positive selective sweeps, 10 of which show no significant linkage disequilibrium with each other. Phylogenetic generalized least-squares modelling with ecological covariates suggests that most derived allele frequencies are significantly associated with solar irradiance and winter precipitation, rather than overall low temperatures. This selection and association with irradiance are demonstrated by a relatively isolated population in the southern coastal belt of South Africa. We suggest that sunbathing behaviours common to savanna monkeys, in combination with the strength of solar irradiance, may mediate adaptations to thermal stress via NST among savanna monkeys. The variants we discovered all lie in non-coding regions, some with previously documented regulatory functions, calling for further validation and research.</p>
Fig. 1 in Genetic characterization of Strongyloides fuelleborni infecting free-roaming African vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts
Fig. 1. Schematic of the Strongyloides genotyping scheme referenced here Graphical representation a Strongyloides sp. genotyping scheme after the description of Barratt et al. (Barratt et al., 2019a; Barratt and Sapp, 2020). This scheme was expanded here to include haplotypes XVI and XVII of 18S HVR-I (indicated by a star) identified here from feral vervet monkeys living on the island of St Kitts (GenBank accessions in Table 3). Haplotype names shown in blue belong to S. fuelleborni and those shown in black belong to other Strongyloides species in accordance with this typing scheme. Haplotype sequences are provided in File S1. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 3 in Genetic characterization of Strongyloides fuelleborni infecting free-roaming African vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts
Fig. 3. Neighbor-Joining tree generated from St Kitts S. fuelleborni genotypes and other Strongyloides types This tree was generated by applying the Neighbor-Joining clustering method (Saitou and Nei, 1987) to a pairwise distance matrix computed using Barratt's heuristic from 285 Strongyloides genotypes, including 48 from St. Kitts vervets. Branches are colored according to their cluster membership (A through H) as defined by Ko et al. (2022). We also introduce S. fuelleborni type H (light pink) from St. Kitts vervets, noting that an H-type isolate was found previously in a human from Guinea-Bissau (pink triangle). Divergent S. fuelleborni types described by Ko et al. (2022) were also analyzed (bright green branches without a cluster letter) from Siamang, Douc, and Francois' langur housed in zoological parks in Japan. A version of this same tree with isolate names shown on the branch tips is provided in File S3; Tree B. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2 in Genetic characterization of Strongyloides fuelleborni infecting free-roaming African vervets (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) on the Caribbean island of St. Kitts
Fig. 2. Hierarchical tree of clustered distances generated from genotyped S. fuelleborni from St Kitts vervets and other Strongyloides sp. genotypes This unrooted tree was generated using Wards method (Ward, 1963) to cluster a pairwise distance matrix computed from 285 Strongyloides genotypes, including 48 from St. Kitts vervets. Branches are colored according to their cluster membership (A through H). We introduce S. fuelleborni type H (pink star) identified from St. Kitts vervets, noting that an H-type isolate was found previously in a human from Guinea-Bissau. Colored peripheral bars reflect the host species from which isolates were derived; dog (Do), human (Hu), chimpanzee (Ch), lorises (Lo), long-tailed macaques (Lt), pig-tailed macaques (Pt), Japanese macaques (Jm), proboscis monkeys (Pr), silvered leaf monkeys (Sl), orangutans (Or), Rhesus macaques (Rh), St Kitts (white star) vervets (Ve), gorilla (Go), and baboon (Ba). Divergent S. fuelleborni types described by Ko et al. (2023) were also clustered (green circle and branches) from Siamang (Si), Douc (Do), and Francois' langur (Fr) housed in zoological parks in Japan. The black bar and black star indicate S. stercoralis reference strain PV001. Strongyloides stercoralis types A and B, are shown with red and blue branches respectively. The loris clade is shown in light blue. The S. stercoralis and loris clades clustered here for comparison are shaded in a gray background. A version of this same tree with isolate names shown on the branch tips is provided in File S3; Tree A. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Figure 3. Likelihood trees generated from the X in Forest monkeys and Pleistocene refugia: a phylogeographic window onto the disjunct distribution of the Chlorocebus lhoesti species group
Figure 3. Likelihood trees generated from the X- and Y-chromosomal datasets. Bootstrap values of 50 and above (100 replicates, 'fast' stepwise addition) are included throughout the trees. The dashed ovals indicate the consistent recovery of a lhoesti group monophyly. One Chlorocebus solatus sample (CS026) is derived from a female (XX), and therefore is not represented in the Y-chromosomal tree.
Figure 1 in Forest monkeys and Pleistocene refugia: a phylogeographic window onto the disjunct distribution of the Chlorocebus lhoesti species group
Figure 1. Present ranges of the lhoesti group relative to two putative Pleistocene refugia and the Congo River Basin. Species distributions follow Kingdon (1997), and refuges follow Grubb (2001). Harrison (1988) hypothesized that the evolutionary dispersal of the lhoesti group followed an eastward path around the Congo Basin, along either its northern or southern rim. In contrast, Kaplin (2002) suggested that the lhoesti group ancestor may have spread through the basin, with its present distribution being the result of a vicariant event.
Worldwide savanna monkey (Chlorocebus spp.) body measures
<p>Objectives: Direct comparative work in morphology and growth on widely dispersed wild primate taxa is rarely accomplished, yet critical to understanding ecogeographic variation, plastic local varia- tion in response to human impacts, and variation in patterns of growth and sexual dimorphism. We investigated population variation in morphology and growth in response to geographic variables (i.e., latitude, altitude), climatic variables (i.e., temperature and rainfall), and human impacts in the vervet monkey (<em>Chlorocebus</em> spp.).</p> <p>Methods: We trapped over 1,600 wild vervets from across Sub-Saharan Africa and the Caribbean, and compared measurements of body mass, body length, and relative thigh, leg, and foot length in four well-represented geographic samples: Ethiopia, Kenya, South Africa, and St. Kitts & Nevis.</p> <p>Results: We found significant variation in body mass and length consistent with Bergmann's Rule in adult females, and in adult males when excluding the St. Kitts & Nevis population, which was more sexually dimorphic. Contrary to Rensch's Rule, although the South African population had the largest average body size, it was the least dimorphic. There was significant, although very small, variation in all limb segments in support for Allen's Rule. Females in high human impact areas were heavier than those with moderate exposures, while those in low human impact areas were lighter; human impacts had no effect on males.</p> <p>Conclusions: Vervet monkeys appear to have adapted to local climate as predicted by Bergmann's and, less consistently, Allen's Rule, while also responding in predicted ways to human impacts. To better understand deviations from predicted patterns will require further comparative work in vervets.</p>
Results of the differential gene expression analysis in SIV infection in Chlorocebus sabaeus and Macaca mulatta
<p>Results of differential gene expression analysis in SIV infection in Chlorocebus sabaeus and Macaca mulatta.</p> <p>From the transcriptome data repository MACE (http://mace.ihes.fr)</p>
Savanna monkey (Chlorocebus spp.) population genetics/genomics pipeline
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Worldwide savanna monkey (Chlorocebus spp.) body measures
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On following pages: 50. Grivet Monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops); 51. Tantalus Monkey (Chlorocebus tantalus); 52. Green (Chlorocebus pygerythrus); 55. Bale Mountains Monkey (Chlorocebus djiamdjamensis); 56. L'Hoest's Monkey (Allochrocebus Monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus); 53. Malbrouck Monkey (Chlorocebus cynosuros); 54. Vervet Monkey Ihoest): 57. Preuss's Monkey (Allochrocebus preussi); 58. Sun-tailed Monkey (Allochrocebus solatus). in Cercopithecidae
On following pages: 50. Grivet Monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops); 51. Tantalus Monkey (Chlorocebus tantalus); 52. Green (Chlorocebus pygerythrus); 55. Bale Mountains Monkey (Chlorocebus djiamdjamensis); 56. L'Hoest's Monkey (Allochrocebus Monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus); 53. Malbrouck Monkey (Chlorocebus cynosuros); 54. Vervet Monkey Ihoest): 57. Preuss's Monkey (Allochrocebus preussi); 58. Sun-tailed Monkey (Allochrocebus solatus).
Transcriptomic responses to psychosocial stress in vervet monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus)
GEO Series GSE120900. Chlorocebus sabaeus. 45 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Whole transcriptome profiles of different brain regions from a Chlorocebus sabaeus model of Parkinson's disease with and without human parthenogenetic stem cell derived neural stem cell transplantatio
GEO Series GSE78921. Chlorocebus sabaeus. 36 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Expression data from SIVagm-infected African green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus)
GEO Series GSE103072. Macaca mulatta; Chlorocebus sabaeus. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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