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37 results for “Choosiness”
Data from: Choosy beetles: how host trees and southern boreal forest naturalness may determine dead wood beetle communities
<p>See methods section of paper for detailed information on dataset and sources; briefly, these .csv files includes numbers of each beetle species captured at all sites used in the project, as well as information about each site and about each species.</p> <p> </p> <p>Data from:</p> <p><strong>Choosy beetles: how host trees and southern boreal forest naturalness may determine dead wood beetle communitie</strong><strong>s</strong></p> <p>Ryan C. Burner, Tone Birkemoe, Jörg G. Stephan, Lukas Drag, Jörg Muller, Otso Ovakainen, Mária Potterf, Olav Skarpaas, Tord Snall, Anne Sverdrup-Thygeson</p> <p>Forest Ecology and Management, 2021</p> <p> </p> <p>From abstract of paper:</p> <p>Wood-living beetles make up a large proportion of forest biodiversity, and contribute to important ecosystem services, including decomposition. Beetle communities in managed southern boreal forests are less species rich than in natural and near-natural forest stands. In addition, many beetle species rely primarily on specific tree species. Yet, the associations between individual beetle species, forest management category, and tree species are seldom quantified, even for red-listed beetles. We compiled a beetle capture dataset from flight intercept traps placed in Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>), oak (<em>Quercus sp.</em>), and Eurasian aspen (<em>Populus tremulae</em>) trees in 413 sites in mature managed forest, near-natural forest, and clear-cuts in southeastern Norway. We used joint species distribution models to estimate the strength of associations for 368 saproxylic beetle species (including 20 vulnerable, endangered, or critical red-listed species) for each forest management category and tree species. Tree species on which traps were mounted had the largest effect on beetle communities; oaks had the most highly associated beetle species, including most of the red-listed species, followed by Norway spruce and Eurasian aspen. Most beetle species were more likely to be captured in near-natural than in mature managed forest. Our estimated associations were compatible – for many species – with categorical classifications found in several existing databases of saproxylic beetle preferences. These quantitative beetle-habitat associations will improve future analyses that have typically relied on categorical classifications. Our results highlight the need to prioritize conservation of near-natural forests and oak trees in Scandinavia to protect the habitat of many red-listed species in particular. Furthermore, we underline the importance of carefully considering the species of trees on which traps are mounted in order to representatively sample beetle communities in forest stands.</p>
Low sex drive and choosy females: Fungal infections are a reproductive downfall for male house flies
<p>Many entomopathogenic fungi cause infections that kill their insect host. Little is understood about changes in the reproductive investment that occur during an infection by a lethal disease over the waning life of an insect. Life history theory suggests the host will respond by investing resources into fighting the disease or increasing reproduction. Here, we investigate how the reproductive life of adult house flies, <em>Musca domestica</em>, is impacted by its host-specific fungal pathogen, <em>Entomophthora muscae</em>. Specifically, we test how the week-long infection alters the mating behavior of virgin adult male house flies. We find that the pathogen significantly decreases male libido; an effect which grows stronger over the course of the infection. Furthermore, females were significantly less likely to choose an infected male, reducing male mating success. Additionally, we assessed sperm viability to understand the reproductive costs for monandrous females to mate with infected males. Analyses revealed that sperm quality decreases as early as three days post-infection. These results show that <em>E. muscae</em>, which can have a prevalence near 100% in wild populations, causes severe lifetime reproductive costs to male house flies. Understanding how host-pathogen interactions affect host life history is crucial for elucidating all the negative effects pathogen virulence exerts on hosts.</p>
Fig. 1 in Choosy Outsiders? Satellite Males Associate With Sexy Hosts In The European Tree Frog Hyla Arborea
Fig. 1. Box plots for snout-urostyle length of sampled males of Hyla arborea, classified as satellites, callers or hosts. Boxes represent standard error of mean and whiskers represent standard deviation. Small squares represent mean
Data from: Wasted efforts impair random search efficiency and reduce choosiness in mate-pairing termites. American Naturalist
<div> <h1>README</h1> <a href="https://github.com/nobuaki-mzmt/termite-mate-search-cost/tree/main#readme"></a></div> <div> <h2>Article Information</h2> <a href="https://github.com/nobuaki-mzmt/termite-mate-search-cost/tree/main#article-information"></a></div> <p>This repository provides access to the data and source code used for the manuscript</p> <div> <h3><strong>Wasted efforts impair random search efficiency and reduce the level of choosiness in mate-pairing termites</strong></h3> <a href="https://github.com/nobuaki-mzmt/termite-mate-search-cost/tree/main#wasted-efforts-impair-random-search-efficiency-and-reduce-the-level-of-choosiness-in-mate-pairing-termites"></a></div> <div> <h4>Nobuaki Mizumoto, Naohisa Nataya, Ryusuke Fujisawa</h4> <a href="https://github.com/nobuaki-mzmt/termite-mate-search-cost/tree/main#nobuaki-mizumoto-naohisa-nataya-ryusuke-fujisawa"></a></div> <p>Contact, Nobuaki Mizumoto: <a href="mailto:nzm0095@auburn.edu">nzm0095@auburn.edu</a></p> <p>This paper is accepted at The American Naturalist.<br>Preprint is available at <a href="http://img.shields.io/badge/DOI-10.1101/2024.02.01.578198.svg" rel="nofollow">bioRxiv</a>.</p> <p>This study examines how movement patterns of mate searchers of a termite <em>Reticulitermes speratus</em> changes according to time. Then investigated how this change in movement patterns affect random search efficiency and mate choice behavior.<br>This includes tracking data, R codes to analyze it, and Cpp code for simulations.</p> <div> <h2>Table of Contents</h2> <a href="https://github.com/nobuaki-mzmt/termite-mate-search-cost/tree/main#table-of-contents"></a></div> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/nobuaki-mzmt/termite-mate-search-cost/blob/main/README.md">README</a></li> <li><a href="https://github.com/nobuaki-mzmt/termite-mate-search-cost/blob/main/analysis/scripts">scripts</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/nobuaki-mzmt/termite-mate-search-cost/blob/main/analysis/scripts/output.R">output.R</a> - output all results</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/nobuaki-mzmt/termite-mate-search-cost/blob/main/analysis/scripts/processing.R">processing.R</a> - data processing of coordinates obtained from servosphere</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/nobuaki-mzmt/termite-mate-search-cost/blob/main/analysis/scripts/simulations.R">simulations.R</a> - for data-based simulations</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/nobuaki-mzmt/termite-mate-search-cost/blob/main/analysis/scripts/onesim.cpp">onesim.cpp</a> - functions for simulations</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://github.com/nobuaki-mzmt/termite-mate-search-cost/blob/main/analysis/output">output</a> - all outputs are stored</li> <li><a href="https://github.com/nobuaki-mzmt/termite-mate-search-cost/blob/main/analysis/data">data</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/nobuaki-mzmt/termite-mate-search-cost/blob/main/analysis/data/raw">raw</a> - raw data in .csv <ul> <li><a href="https://github.com/nobuaki-mzmt/termite-mate-search-cost/blob/main/analysis/data/raw/ANTAM_4day">ANTAM_4day</a> - directory includes raw data obtained from servosphere. Ignore the first four columns. col4: x, col5: y, col6: time</li> <li><strong>colonyfoundation.csv</strong> - data for colony foundation experiments.</li> <li><strong>tandem_sum.csv</strong> - the number of observations of individual units in each experiment. units include solomale (single male), solofemale (single female), heterotandem (female-male tandem), male tandem (male-male tandem), female tandem (female-female tandem), and tandem3 (tandem run with >= 3 individuals).</li> <li><strong>tandem_timedevelopment.csv</strong> - breakdown of tandem_sum.csv. The measurement was not summarized but for each observation bouts (5: 0-5 min, 10: 5-10 min, ...).</li> <li><strong>termite_weight.csv</strong> - Termite weight measurement. fresh: fresh weight in mg.</li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://github.com/nobuaki-mzmt/termite-mate-search-cost/blob/main/analysis/data/fmt">fmt</a> - formatted data created in processing.R and simulations.R. The formatted data will be used for output.R. The all formatted data are in .rda files. The .csv files with the same contents are also generated for reviewing purpose. <ul> <li><strong>df_all.rda</strong> - The processed data of trajectories for furthur analysis. It has three datafrmaes named df_all (trajectories with traveled distance information for each frame), df_MSD (MSD data for each individual), df_pause (duration of pauses for each pausing events for each individual). The corresponding csv files are df_all.csv, df_MSD.csv, and df_pause.csv</li> <li><strong>df_sum.rda</strong> - The file further processed df_all.rda to summarize all parameters for each individual. df_sum.csv is corresponding.</li> <li><strong>df_sim.rda</strong> - The simulation results that record encounter time for each searching attempts. encounter_time = 1501 indicates the failure to encounter. df_sim.csv is corresponding.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <div> <h2>Session information</h2> <a href="https://github.com/nobuaki-mzmt/termite-mate-search-cost/tree/main#session-information"></a></div> <div> <pre><code>R version 4.3.1 (2023-06-16 ucrt) Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit) Running under: Windows 11 x64 (build 22621) Matrix products: default locale: [1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.utf8 [2] LC_CTYPE=English_United States.utf8 [3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.utf8 [4] LC_NUMERIC=C [5] LC_TIME=English_United States.utf8 time zone: Asia/Tokyo tzcode source: internal attached base packages: [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base other attached packages: [1] CircStats_0.2-6 boot_1.3-28.1 MASS_7.3-60 [4] stringr_1.5.0 survival_3.5-5 survminer_0.4.9 [7] ggpubr_0.6.0 Rcpp_1.0.10 PupillometryR_0.0.5 [10] rlang_1.1.1 dplyr_1.1.2 viridis_0.6.3 [13] viridisLite_0.4.2 ggplot2_3.4.2 Rmisc_1.5.1 [16] plyr_1.8.8 lattice_0.21-8 exactRankTests_0.8-35 [19] car_3.1-2 carData_3.0-5 lme4_1.1-34 [22] Matrix_1.6-1 data.table_1.14.8 </code></pre> </div>
The presence of territorial damselfish predicts choosy client species richness at cleaning stations
<p>Mutualisms are driven by partners deciding to interact with one another to gain specific services or rewards. As predicted by biological market theory, partners should be selected based on the likelihood, quality, reward level, and or services each partner can offer. Third-party species that are not directly involved in the interaction, however, may indirectly affect the occurrence and or quality of the services provided, thereby affecting which partners are selected or avoided. We investigated how different clients of the sharknose goby (<em>Elacatinus evelynae</em>) cleaner fish were distributed across cleaning stations, and asked what characteristics, relating to biological market theory, affected this distribution. Through quantifying the visitation and cleaning patterns of client fish that can choose which cleaning station(s) to visit, we found that the relative species richness of visiting clients at stations was negatively associated with the presence of disruptive territorial damselfish at the station. Our study highlights, therefore, the need to consider the indirect effects of third-party species and their interactions (e.g. agonistic interactions) when attempting to understand mutualistic interactions between species. Moreover, we highlight how cooperative interactions may be indirectly governed by external partners. </p>
The presence of territorial damselfish predicts choosy client species richness at cleaning stations
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Low sex drive and choosy females: Fungal infections are a reproductive downfall for male house flies
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Data from: Stable directional sexual selection and repeatable choosiness for song preference in the Pacific field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus
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Data from: Adult nutritional stress decreases oviposition choosiness and fecundity in female butterflies
Despite the benefits of careful decision-making, not all animals are choosy. One explanation is that choosiness can cost time and energy and thus depend on nutrition. However, it is not clear how allocation to choosiness versus other components of life history shifts in the face of nutritional stress. We tested two hypotheses about the effects of nutritional stress on choosiness and other life history traits: 1) poor nutrition leads to compensatory shifts in life history strategy towards greater investment per offspring in terms of choosy oviposition behavior and egg resources, and 2) poor nutrition negatively affects a range of life history traits. Cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae) females were reared under low or high nutrition conditions during the larval and adult stage in a fully factorial design. Choosiness was quantified as avoidance of conspecific models during oviposition. Adult life history traits included egg number, egg size, and thorax protein. Females that experienced nutritional stress as adults were less choosy and less fecund, in support of the second hypothesis. Yet females that were stressed as larvae invested more in thorax muscle, consistent with the first hypothesis. Overall, adult nutritional stress decreased investment in multiple reproductive traits, including a behavioral trait, but larval stress increased investment in flight, potentially to disperse away from nutritionally poor environments.
Independence of mate choice components (choosiness and preference functions) in Hyla versicolor
<p>Mate choice is an important cause of natural and sexual selection, driving the evolution of ornaments and promoting diversification and speciation. Mate choice decisions arise from the interaction of several components, and knowledge of whether they interact, and how, is crucial for understanding their contributions to selection. Here we focus on the relationship between preference functions (attractiveness ranking of prospective mates) and choosiness (effort invested in obtaining the preferred mate) and test the hypothesis that they are independent components of mate choice decisions. We examine individual variation in preference functions and choosiness for call duration in female <em>Hyla versicolor </em>treefrogs, and show that measures describing preference functions and choosiness are not correlated. We also found a suggestive but inconclusive pattern that both components are influenced by different factors (body measures and hormones). Independence of preference and choosiness suggests that the joint study of variation in both components is required to gain a complete understanding of how mate choice contributes to sexual selection and speciation.</p>
Independence of mate choice components (choosiness and preference functions) in Hyla versicolor
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Data from: Adult nutritional stress decreases oviposition choosiness and fecundity in female butterflies
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Data from: Fast exploration is coupled with a less choosy but more reactive learning style in a generalist predator
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Data from: It is better to be choosy in small populations: Drift promotes the evolution of weak female preference for rare phenotypes
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Data from: Evidence for dominant males but not choosy females in an insular rock iguana
In natural populations susceptible to inbreeding depression, behaviors such as female promiscuity and disassortative mating may enhance the production of outbred progeny and help maintain genetic variation at the population-level. However, empirical tests of such hypotheses have largely focused on mating systems in which female choice is known to play a large role. In insular reptile populations, cryptic choice may be important for overcoming constraints on precopulatory choice and diversifying breeder representation. We carried out pedigree reconstructions of 50 clutches of critically endangered Cyclura nubila caymanensis (Sauria: Iguanidae) to investigate the prevalence and efficacy of strategies theorized to optimize genetic compatibility among mate pairs. We found that females mating disassortatively and multiply, but not with respect to male heterozygosity, tended to produce more heterozygous offspring on average. Pair relatedness also had a negative effect on hatching success, while additional sires positively influenced clutch size. Despite evidence for direct and indirect benefits, females did not mate with more outbred or genetically dissimilar males than expected by chance. Our data imply strong reproductive skew among males, with geographic proximity and body size largely predicting siring success. Multiple-paternity occurred in a minimum of 38% of clutches. Paradoxically, females were not more promiscuous when confronted with more males, as demonstrated at a site supporting high local densities. Our data imply that while female mating behaviors have the potential to confer adaptive benefits in this small population, the trajectory of mating system evolution may be largely constrained by sexual conflict.
Data from: Common cuckoo females are not choosy when removing an egg during parasitism
Females of avian brood parasites have evolved various tactics to succeed in their reproductive strategy. Many of these adaptations, for example speed and timing of egg laying or egg mimicry, have been investigated in detail. However, one peculiar habit of parasitic females is still not fully understood—egg removal by adult parasitic females before laying their own egg. Here, we examined 2 hypotheses to explain this behavior in the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). Both hypotheses explored if the cuckoo females can inspect eggs in host nests and selectively remove some of them to improve their fitness. First, we investigated the "parasite competition hypothesis," which proposes that the cuckoo removes an egg from the host nest to get rid of a previously laid parasitic egg from another cuckoo female. Second, we proposed and investigated a new "mimicry improvement hypothesis" stating that the common cuckoo female removes 1 host egg to improve mimicry of its egg in the host clutch and thus increase the chance of acceptance. Randomization tests revealed that cuckoo females are not selective and remove 1 randomly chosen egg from the host nest. We suggest that egg selection behavior could be too costly because it requires time and the cuckoo benefits most from minimizing the time spent at the nest due to aggressiveness of the host.
Data from: Mate sampling and choosiness in the sand goby
To date, mate choice studies have mostly focused on establishing which mates are chosen or how the choices are performed. Here, we combined these two approaches by empirically testing how latency to mate is affected by various search costs, variation in mate quality and female quality in the sand goby (Pomatoschistus minutus). Our results show that females adjust their mating behaviour according to the costs and benefits of the choice situation. Specifically, they mated sooner when access to males was delayed and when the presence of other females presented a mate sampling cost. We also found a positive link between size variation among potential mating partners and spawning delay in some (but not all) experimental conditions. By contrast, we did not find the number of available males or the females' own body size ('quality') to affect mating latency. Finally, female mating behaviour varied significantly between years. These findings are notable for demonstrating that (i) mate sampling time is particularly sensitive to costs and, to a lesser degree, to variation among mate candidates, (ii) females' mating behaviour is sensitive to qualitative rather than to quantitative variation in their environment, and (iii) a snapshot view may describe mate sampling behaviour unreliably.
Data from: Direct detection of male quality can facilitate the evolution of female choosiness and indicators of good genes: evolution across a continuum of indicator mechanisms
The evolution of mating displays as indicators of male quality has been the subject of extensive theoretical and empirical research for over four decades. Research has also addressed the evolution of female mate choice favoring such indicators. Yet, much debate still exists about whether displays can evolve through the indirect benefits of female mate choice. Here, we use a population genetic model to investigate how the extent to which females can directly detect male quality influences the evolution of female choosiness and male displays. We use a continuum framework that incorporates indicator mechanisms that are traditionally modelled separately. Counter to intuition, we find that intermediate levels of direct detection of male quality can facilitate, rather than impede, the evolution of female choosiness and male displays in broad regions of this continuum. We examine how this evolution is driven by selective forces on genetic quality and on the display, and find that direct detection of male quality results in stronger indirect selection favoring female choosiness. Our results imply that displays maybe more likely to evolve when female choosiness has already evolved to discriminate perceptible forms of male quality. They also highlight the importance of considering general female choosiness, as well as preference, in studies of "good genes".
Data from: Choosy cannibals preferentially consume siblings with relatively low fitness prospects
When an individual can selfishly cannibalize a relative or altruistically set it free, the benefits of altruism will be positively associated with the relative's fitness prospects (the benefits it receives from altruism). We tested the prediction that altruism should be preferentially directed toward high-quality relatives using larvae of the New Mexican spadefoot toad (Spea multiplicata), a species in which tadpoles plastically express omnivore and carnivore ecomorphs. In a no-choice design, we presented carnivores with sibling or nonsibling omnivores varying in developmental stage, which is positively associated with survival in this toad's ephemeral larval environment. There was a significant interaction between relatedness and developmental stage on the probability of cannibalism: carnivores were overall more likely to cannibalize less developed omnivores, but this effect was exaggerated when the potential victim was a sibling. This evidence that altruists favor relatives with high fitness prospects highlights the numerous factors shaping altruism's payoffs.
Data from: On the architecture of mate choice decisions: preference functions and choosiness are distinct traits
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