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16 results for “Chordodes formosanus”
Supplementary materials for "Modeling the geographical distributions of Chordodes formosanus and its mantis hosts in Taiwan, with considerations for their niche overlaps"
<p>Species distribution model (SDM) has conventionally been used for evaluating the<br> distribution of single species, but comparisons between different SDMs are possible for<br> evaluating the geographic similarity between taxa. Here we used a parasite and host system<br> to infer the geographic overlaps between species with tight biological interaction, e.g.<br> parasites and their obligate host; specifically, we used the horsehair worm <em>Chordodes<br> formosanus</em> and its three different mantis hosts to study the extent of niche overlap. We<br> retrieved presence points for the host species and the parasite and we built the SDMs with<br> MaxEnt implemented in ENMeval by using selected bioclim variables (based on VIF values)<br> at a 30 seconds scale. The models showed that the hosts and parasite do not occur in the high<br> elevation areas in Taiwan, which was expected based on their biology. Interestingly, the<br> predicted parasite distribution included areas without collection records, implying local<br> extinction or sampling bias. We subsequently evaluated niche overlap between hosts and the<br> parasite according to five similarity indices (Schoener’s D, I statistic, relative rank, Pearson<br> correlation coefficient and the rank correlation coefficient<em> rho</em>). Our models showed high<br> similarity of SDM predictions between hosts and the parasite. There were differences among<br> metrics about which host shared the highest similarity with the parasite, but the majority of<br> the results indicated that the Japanese boxing mantis has the highest niche similarity with the<br> horsehair worm. The choice of the niche overlap metric to use can be seen as a way to get<br> informations on the parasite’s ecology, which can be important for endangered species SDMs<br> are reliable tools for host and parasite conservation management and could help to improve<br> biological and ecological knowledge of parasites.</p>
Figure 8 from: Chiu M-C, Huang C-G, Wu W-J, Shiao S-F (2017) A new orthopteran-parasitizing horsehair worm, Acutogordius taiwanensis sp. n., with a redescription of Chordodes formosanus and novel host records from Taiwan (Nematomorpha, Gordiida). ZooKeys 683: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12673
Figure 8 - Male adult Chordodes formosanus from novel hosts. A Posterior end B Anterior end C–D Variable crowned areole morphologies from different individuals E Close view of (C) with typical C. formosanus crowned areoles; F Close view of (D) with smaller crowned areoles. Ca, crowned areole. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 10 µm (B), 100 µm (C–D), and 10 µm (E–F).
Figure 5 from: Chiu M-C, Huang C-G, Wu W-J, Shiao S-F (2017) A new orthopteran-parasitizing horsehair worm, Acutogordius taiwanensis sp. n., with a redescription of Chordodes formosanus and novel host records from Taiwan (Nematomorpha, Gordiida). ZooKeys 683: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12673
Figure 5 - Morphological variation of the cuticle that may result from mucus. A Smooth cuticle B–C Wrinkled cuticle D–E Cracked surface of cuticle F Areole-like structures on the anterior end of the cuticle G–J Indentations on the G–I mid-body and J anterior end of the cuticle surface. Scale bars 100 µm (A), 10 µm (B), 50 µm (C–E), 100 µm (F), 20 µm (G), 100 µm (H), 10 µm (I), and 100 µm (J).
Figure 2 from: Chiu M-C, Huang C-G, Wu W-J, Shiao S-F (2017) A new orthopteran-parasitizing horsehair worm, Acutogordius taiwanensis sp. n., with a redescription of Chordodes formosanus and novel host records from Taiwan (Nematomorpha, Gordiida). ZooKeys 683: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12673
Figure 2 - Posterior end of male Acutogordius taiwanensis sp. n. A–C Images of the posterior end with the postcloacal crescent extending A, C over or B anterior to the starting point of the tail lobe bifurcation D–F SEM images of the posterior end with a D angled E slightly curved, and F semicircular postcloacal crescent A–F are images from the same individual, respectively. Scale bars 500 µm (A–C), and 200 μm (D–F).
Figure 4 from: Chiu M-C, Huang C-G, Wu W-J, Shiao S-F (2017) A new orthopteran-parasitizing horsehair worm, Acutogordius taiwanensis sp. n., with a redescription of Chordodes formosanus and novel host records from Taiwan (Nematomorpha, Gordiida). ZooKeys 683: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12673
Figure 4 - Female Acutogordius taiwanensis sp. n. A Anterior end B Posterior end. Clo, cloacal opening. Scale bars 100 µm (A–B).
Figure 7 from: Chiu M-C, Huang C-G, Wu W-J, Shiao S-F (2017) A new orthopteran-parasitizing horsehair worm, Acutogordius taiwanensis sp. n., with a redescription of Chordodes formosanus and novel host records from Taiwan (Nematomorpha, Gordiida). ZooKeys 683: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12673
Figure 7 - Neighbor-joining tree of Acutogordius taiwanensis sp. n. and Chordodes formosanus compared to C. japonensis, Gordius attoni, G. cf robustus, G. balticus, and Paragordius sp. Numbers at the nodes represent the percentage of 5,000 bootstrap replicates.
Figure 1 from: Chiu M-C, Huang C-G, Wu W-J, Shiao S-F (2017) A new orthopteran-parasitizing horsehair worm, Acutogordius taiwanensis sp. n., with a redescription of Chordodes formosanus and novel host records from Taiwan (Nematomorpha, Gordiida). ZooKeys 683: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12673
Figure 1 - Anterior end of Acutogordius taiwanensis sp. n. A–C Images of the anterior end showing the (A) white cap and dark-brown collar and B–C white spots scattered on the brown collar D–F SEM images of the anterior end surface that is D smooth E smooth but wrinkled on the tip with holes scattered on the dark-brown collar, and F wrinkled A–F are images from the same individual, respectively. Scale bars 500 µm (A–C), and 200 μm (D–F).
Figure 3 from: Chiu M-C, Huang C-G, Wu W-J, Shiao S-F (2017) A new orthopteran-parasitizing horsehair worm, Acutogordius taiwanensis sp. n., with a redescription of Chordodes formosanus and novel host records from Taiwan (Nematomorpha, Gordiida). ZooKeys 683: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12673
Figure 3 - Detailed diagnostic characteristics of male Acutogordius taiwanensis sp. n. A Tiny bristles scattered anterior to postcloacal crescent B Tiny bristles scattered in concentrated groups on tail lobes C Lobe tips covered by moderately flat areoles with short spines amongst areoles D–E Short bristles scattered on the mid-body cuticle. Scale bars 200 µm (A–B), 100 µm (C–D), and 10 μm (E).
Figure 6 from: Chiu M-C, Huang C-G, Wu W-J, Shiao S-F (2017) A new orthopteran-parasitizing horsehair worm, Acutogordius taiwanensis sp. n., with a redescription of Chordodes formosanus and novel host records from Taiwan (Nematomorpha, Gordiida). ZooKeys 683: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12673
Figure 6 - Immature stages of Acutogordius taiwanensis sp. n. A–B Live A cyst-form and B worm-form larvae in water C Posterior view of a worm-form larva D Cysts in an infected snail; E Worm-form larva under SEM F Anterior view of a larva showing the hook arrangement G Egg strings H Close-up of the proboscis. DS, dorsal spines; Ho, hooklet; LS, lateral spines; Peo, pseudointestine exterior opening; PostS, postseptum; PreS, preseptum; Pro, proboscis; PS, proboscis sheath; PsI, pseudointestine gland. Scale bars 50 µm (A–B), 2 µm (C), 50 µm (D), 10 µm (E), 5 µm (F), 1 cm (G), and 2 µm (H).
Figure 7 from: Shiao S, Chiu M, Huang C, Wu W (2011) A new horsehair worm, Chordodes formosanus sp. n. (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) from Hierodula mantids of Taiwan and Japan with redescription of a closely related species, Chordodes japonensis. ZooKeys 160: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2290
Figure 7 - Neighbor-joining tree of Chordodes formosanus sp. n. and Chordodes japonensis with genetic distances between each group. Abbreviations in the table indicate the horsehair worms' mantid hosts (Hf, Hierodula formosana; Hp, Hierodula patellifera; Ts, Tenodera sinensis) and collecting localities (Tw, Taiwan; Ja, Japan). Numbers at the nodes represent the percentage of 1000 bootstrap values of > 70%. The outgroup (out) was a Paragordius sp.
Figure 6 from: Shiao S, Chiu M, Huang C, Wu W (2011) A new horsehair worm, Chordodes formosanus sp. n. (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) from Hierodula mantids of Taiwan and Japan with redescription of a closely related species, Chordodes japonensis. ZooKeys 160: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2290
Figure 6 - Male adult of Chordodes japonensis. A Posterior end of male B ventral side of male body C cuticular surface with four types of areole D short-crowned areoles E thorn areole F anterior end. Bri, bristle; Cir, circumcluster areole; Clo, cloacal opening; Lc, long crowned areole; M, mouth; Sc, short-crowned areole; Sim, simple areoles; Tu, tubercle areole.
Figure 5 from: Shiao S, Chiu M, Huang C, Wu W (2011) A new horsehair worm, Chordodes formosanus sp. n. (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) from Hierodula mantids of Taiwan and Japan with redescription of a closely related species, Chordodes japonensis. ZooKeys 160: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2290
Figure 5 - Detail of larvae of Chordodes formosanus sp. n. A Anterior view of a larva showing stylet and hook arrangement B posterior view of a larva C style with spines and lateral papillae. Asp, anterior terminal spine; Lp, lateral papillae; Is, inner spines; Mh, middle hook; Oh, outer hook; Peo, Pseudointestine exterior opening; Psp, posterior terminal spine; S, stylet; Ssp, stylet spines; Vdh, ventral double hook.
Figure 2 from: Shiao S, Chiu M, Huang C, Wu W (2011) A new horsehair worm, Chordodes formosanus sp. n. (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) from Hierodula mantids of Taiwan and Japan with redescription of a closely related species, Chordodes japonensis. ZooKeys 160: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2290
Figure 2 - Details of ornamentations on anterior and posterior ends of male Chordodes formosanus sp. n. A Anterior end with larval cuticle B flat ornamentations and bristles on top of anterior end C cone-like areoles with bristles on top of anterior end D–F bristlefields with branched and unbranched bristles (D), short and unbranched bristles (E), or thin and unbranched bristles (F). Bri, bristle; Coa, cone-like areole; Lc, residual of larval cuticle; Fla, flat ornamentations.
Figure 3 from: Shiao S, Chiu M, Huang C, Wu W (2011) A new horsehair worm, Chordodes formosanus sp. n. (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) from Hierodula mantids of Taiwan and Japan with redescription of a closely related species, Chordodes japonensis. ZooKeys 160: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2290
Figure 3 - Female adult of Chordodes formosanus sp. n. A Cuticular surface with six types of areole B posterior end of female C ventral side of female body. Bri, bristle; Cir, circumcluster areole; Clo, cloacal opening; Lc, long crowned areole; Sc, short-crowned areole; Sim, simple areoles; Th, thorn areole; Tu, tubercle areole.
Figure 1 from: Shiao S, Chiu M, Huang C, Wu W (2011) A new horsehair worm, Chordodes formosanus sp. n. (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) from Hierodula mantids of Taiwan and Japan with redescription of a closely related species, Chordodes japonensis. ZooKeys 160: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2290
Figure 1 - Male adult of Chordodes formosanus sp. n. A Cuticular surface with five types of areole B paired crowned areoles with a central tubercle C posterior end of the male D bright lengthwise regions with a darkly pigmented line on the ventral side of male body. Cir, circumcluster areole; Clo, cloacal opening; P, pigmented line; Sc, short-crowned areole; Sim, simple areoles; T, central tubercle; Th, thorn areole; Tu, tubercle areole.
Figure 4 from: Shiao S, Chiu M, Huang C, Wu W (2011) A new horsehair worm, Chordodes formosanus sp. n. (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) from Hierodula mantids of Taiwan and Japan with redescription of a closely related species, Chordodes japonensis. ZooKeys 160: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2290
Figure 4 - Eggs and larvae of Chordodes formosanus sp. n. A Live larva in water B eggs (6 days after being laid) C egg strings stuck onto a rock D larva in an egg with residual cuticle. EctoS, ectodermal septum; Ho, hooklet; PostS, postseptum; PreS, preseptum; PsI, pseudointestine gland; Rc, residual cuticle; Sty, stylet.
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