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99 results for “Chronosequence”
Federer Chronosequence: Litterfall Biomass and Chemistry; 1993-1997, 2003-2006
The project reports the flux of biomass and nutrients in leaf litterfall in 14 stands (the “Federer Chronosequence”) of northern hardwood forests. These 14 stands are located in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Monitoring occurred from August 1993 through summer 1997 and again from August 2003 through summer 2006. The litterfall year is defined as starting in August (when we first set out baskets) and ending in August of the following year, years are named by the fall (in which most litter falls). In some years, we have litter mass by basket (3 per transect): 1993, 1994, 1995, 2003, 2005. In other years, we have only transect means: 1996, 2004. Seasonal masses are provided for 2005. Litterfall was sorted by species in all years except for 2005. Twig mass is reported only for 2005. Litter chemistry was measured in fresh litter samples collected in the same stands from 1994 through 2004. Raw, unedited data sorted by season can be found in “Other Entities”, though note the substantial changes that occurred between these values and the processed values published in this dataset. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Related publications: Yanai, R. D., Arthur, M. A., Acker, M., Levine, C. R., & Park, B. B. (2012). Variation in mass and nutrient concentration of leaf litter across years and sites in a northern hardwood forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 42(8), 1597-1610. Acker, M. 2006.Base cation concentration and content in litterfall and woody debris across a northern hardwood forest chronosequence. MS Thesis. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky. Yang, Y., Yanai, R. D., See, C. R., & Arthur, M. A. (2017). Sampling effort and uncertainty in leaf litterfall mass and nutrient flux in northern hardwood forests. Ecosphere, 8(11), e01999.
Succession in abandoned fields: Chronosequence data verified by monitoring of semi-permanent plots - Dataset underlying paper
<p>In task 3.1 of the WILDCARD project (www.wildcard-project.eu), we performed the analyses to identify the similarity between successional patterns in permanent plots and chronosequences on abandoned fields. This data is needed to know the accuracy of a chronosequence approach to reveal general successional vegetation pattens compared to the results obtained from semi-permanent plots. Raw data was provided by external collaborators. Results can be applied to other types of successional studies and restoratin projects, they verified the reliability of chronosequence approach. Rewiew process (3 reviewers plus coordinationg editor)</p>
Species and groundcover of understory herbaceous plants in a chronosequence of reforested urban sites, Lexington, KY USA
This dataset contains information on understory plant communities in across twenty urban reforestation sites planted as part of the Reforest the Bluegrass program in Lexington, KY. Urban reforested areas located in Lexington, Kentucky were evaluated over the course of summer 2020. At least three plots (and up to nine plots) were established in each site, with additional plots added if forested patches were sufficiently large. At each plot, we established a 0.008-ha (0.02-ac) circular sampling plot to survey understory plant species. Groundcover of all species, excepting tree- and shrub-forming species, was visually estimated in 10 grids, 0.6 m x 0.6 m. These data will contribute to understanding of understory plant community dynamics in developing urban forests.
Understory percent cover, plant traits, canopy LAI, PAR, temperature, and soil moisture data at multiple time points for sites in the burn chronosequence and Indian Point forest at the University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI (2022-2023)
Community ecology has sought to understand the mechanisms by which plant communities are assembled through time and space. One prominent way to address how communities are assembled is by quantifying functional traits. While there is a tremendous body of literature on functional traits, debate persists about how to account for variation in measured traits. For example, intraspecific trait variation (ITV) can be equal to or greater than interspecific trait variation and ITV has also been found to vary greatly across years. Therefore, there is a need to account for variability in functional trait measures among and within species and through time to improve our understanding of community assembly. Chronosequences are a powerful tool to address temporal changes in community dynamics, however, the inclusion of understory plants in forest chronosequence studies is still relatively uncommon. Previous chronosequence studies have been primarily performed in grasslands or in a limited subset of forest types, so further work is needed in understory plant traits across other ecosystems and climates to improve trait-based understanding of understory plant communities through time. Additionally, because plant traits change as ecosystems age, community interactions are likely to change with ecosystem age. Interactions of particular interest are herbivory, arthropod predation, and the influence of plant traits on arthropod diversity.
El Yunque Chronosequence Tree Census data
The El Yunque Chronosequence plots consist of four sites, El Verde 1 (EV1), Sabana 1 (SB1), Sabana 2 (SB2), and Sabana 3 (SB3), which are located at the edges of El Yunque National Forest at sites to the south of El Verde and Sabana Field Stations. The plots represent a range of successional stages representing areas in agriculture or recently abandoned in 1936 but reforested after 1950, and areas in agriculture or recently abandoned in 1977 and reforested since that time. They range in size from ~0.5 to 1 ha, vary in elevation from ~150m to 550m a.s.l. and span a wide range of ages and land use histories (Table 1). Plot Name Size Age Elevation EV1 10,000 m2 (1 ha) >62 yrs but < 76 yrs ~ 550m SB1 4,625 m2 (~0.5 ha) >62 yrs but not primary forest ~100-150m SB2 6,400 m2 (~0.6 ha) >35 yrs but < 62 yrs ~100-150m SB3 4,800 m2 (~0.5 ha) Primary forest ~100-150m One of these plots (EV1) is south of El Verde Field Station, on Forest Service land just over the property boundary.  This area was in agriculture in 1936 but appeared forested in a 1950 aerial photograph, and there are differences in forest structure and species composition consistent with the known differences in land use history. The other three Chronosequence sites are just south of the Sabana Field Station on Forest Service Land on the opposite side of the forest from El Verde. One plot (SB2) is located in young secondary forest in an area immediately adjacent to an old teak plantation forest. Another plot (SB1) is located in an area that was sparsely forested in 1936 and which appeared reforested in 1950. The third plot in Sabana (SB3) is located in a patch of primary “tabonuco†(named for the abundance of this tree species) forest on a steep slope on the west side of the Sabana River. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-0080538, DEB-0218039 , DEB-0620910 , DEB-1239764, DEB-1546686, and DEB-1831952 from the National Science Foundati
Tree species, size class, and DBH in the University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS) Burn Chronosequence established in 1957 and remeasured in 1979 and 1998
A complete survey of overstory vegetation and saplings in the Bob Farmer plots within the UM Biological Station clearut and burn chronosequence. Surveys were completed in 1979 and 1998 to measure the change in biomass and forest composition in the burn plots with forest succession.
Species, DBH, and height of overstory trees in a chronosequence of reforested urban sites, Lexington, KY, USA
Urban reforested areas located in Lexington, Kentucky were evaluated over the course of summer 2020. This dataset contains information on tree species, height, DBH, and snag class across twenty urban reforestation sites planted as part of the Reforest the Bluegrass program in Lexington, KY. At least three plots (and up to nine plots) were established in each site, with additional plots added if forested patches were sufficiently large. At each plot, we established a 0.008-ha (0.02-ac) circular sampling plot and recorded the species, diameter at breast-height (DBH), and total height of each tree ≥2.5 cm (1 in) DBH. DBH was measured to the nearest 0.25 cm (0.1 in) using a DBH tape, and tree height was measured to the nearest 0.1 m using a laser hypsometer (Nikon Forestry Pro II) or telescoping height pole. These data provide a critical baseline for understanding tree growth on reforested urban sites.
Chemical and physical characteristics of soil samples collected from a chronosequence of reforested urban sites in Lexington, KY USA.
This dataset contains information on soil physical and chemical characteristics across twenty urban reforestation sites planted as part of the Reforest the Bluegrass program in Lexington, Kentucky, USA. At least three plots (and up to nine plots) were established in each site, with additional plots added if forested patches were sufficiently large. Soil samples were collected from each plot in summer 2020. Samples were composited from five subsamples collected from plot center and approximately 1 m from plot center in the four cardinal directions. Subsamples were collected to a depth of approximately 10 cm using a sampling spade. Composite samples were air-dried and passed through a 2cm sieve, and then sent to the University of Kentucky Regulatory Services soils lab for analysis for pH, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, particle size distribution, total C, and total N.
Species and height of understory trees and shrubs in a chronosequence of reforested urban sites, Lexington, KY USA.
This dataset contains information on soil physical and chemical characteristics across twenty urban reforestation sites planted as part of the Reforest the Bluegrass program in Lexington, KY. Urban reforested areas located in Lexington, Kentucky were evaluated over the course of summer 2020. At least three plots (and up to nine plots) were established in each site, with additional plots added if forested patches were sufficiently large. At each plot, we established a 0.002-ha (0.005-ac) circular sampling plot to survey woody understory species, respectively. Height and species of all woody plants <2.5 cm DBH and ≥30 cm tall were tallied to the nearest 0.5 cm with a telescoping height pole. These data will contribute to understanding of understory stand dynamics in developing urban forests.
Patterns of and controls over nitrogen inputs by green alder (Alnus viridis spp. fruticosa) to a secondary successional chronosequence in interior Alaska I - N2 Fixation and Soil Temperature
We measured rates of nitrogen fixation by Alnus viridis spp. fruticosa and concurrent subcanopy soil temperature at BNZ LTER. To do so we utilized replicate (n=3/stage) stands of a seral sequence of successional stages maintained by the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research program (BNZ LTER). At each of the 9 replicate stands we selected a total of 70 individual shrubs. During each of 7 sampling periods, 3 across the growing season of 1997 and 4 during 1998, we randomly selected 10 of 70 A. viridis spp. fruticosa at each replicate stand. We used acetylene reduction assays (ARA) to estimate rates of N2 fixation at each of the selected shrubs and concurrently measured soil temperature at each shrub. The attached database may be utilized to (1) elucidate seasonal trends in rates of N2 fixation by A. viridis spp. fruticosa across a boreal forest chronosequence and (2) investigate soil temperature controls over rates of N2 fixation. It may also be used to statistically analyze differences between years, successional stages and replicates within successional stage in both rates of ARA and temperature. We developed this database to describe seasonal trends of rates of nitrogen fixation by A. viridis spp. fruticosa across a boreal forest chronosequence and to elucidate soil temperature controls over rates.
Patterns of and controls over nitrogen inputs by green alder (Alnus viridis spp. fruticosa) to a secondary successional chronosequence in interior Alaska II - Soil Physical and Chemical Properties
In September of 1999 we collected soil cores to identify stage, replicate stand, canopy, and soil horizon patterns of soil physical (color, bulk density, pH) and chemical (N, C, P) parameters.
Soil nitrogen: Successional Dynamics on a Resampled Chronosequence
The purpose of this observational study is to describe the dynamics of ecosystem succession. The change in the number, type, and amount of plant and grazing animal species is monitored in more than 20 fields. These fields were previously cultivated, but then abandoned from agriculture at various times in the past. The fields were left undisturbed for plants to develop from seeds within the soil or brought into the fields by wind or animals. Permanent transects have been established in these abandoned fields for purposes of sampling in a consistent location from year to year. Permanent plots along these transects have been used to sample soil nutrients, (in particular, nitrogen) abundance of vegetation, species composition and herbivore populations. The sampling occurs approximately every 6 years. In the initial survey, 100 quadrats of size 1 by 0.5 m were sampled per field in 23 different fields. Abandoned fields included in E014 are 4, 5, 10, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 32, 35, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 47, 53, 70, 72, 76, 77. Fields 22(B), 29(A), and 69(C) were originally included in E014 but used for other purposes shortly after the start of the study. This experiment was established in 1983 and 1989 by principal investigators Johannes Knops and David Tilman. Past work at CDR and elsewhere has demonstrated an overriding influence of fire frequency in maintaining prairie openings and oak savanna at the prairie-forest border. Fire regimes harm some types of species while favoring others and drive light and nutrient dynamics, which in turn drive community functional attributes and diversity levels. Ultimately, fire frequency interacts with climate, N deposition, land use, and biotic invasion to determine the outcomes of tree-grass interactions and the dynamics of vegetation at ecotones such as the prairie-forest border in Minnesota. In 2006 each field was divided in half, and one half randomly chosen for periodic prescribed burning (a fire every other year). We anticipate that th
Plant species percent cover data: Successional Dynamics on a Resampled Chronosequence
The purpose of this observational study is to describe the dynamics of ecosystem succession. The change in the number, type, and amount of plant and grazing animal species is monitored in more than 20 fields. These fields were previously cultivated, but then abandoned from agriculture at various times in the past. The fields were left undisturbed for plants to develop from seeds within the soil or brought into the fields by wind or animals. Permanent transects have been established in these abandoned fields for purposes of sampling in a consistent location from year to year. Permanent plots along these transects have been used to sample soil nutrients, (in particular, nitrogen) abundance of vegetation, species composition and herbivore populations. The sampling occurs approximately every 6 years. In the initial survey, 100 quadrats of size 1 by 0.5 m were sampled per field in 23 different fields. Abandoned fields included in E014 are 4, 5, 10, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 32, 35, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 47, 53, 70, 72, 76, 77. Fields 22(B), 29(A), and 69(C) were originally included in E014 but used for other purposes shortly after the start of the study. This experiment was established in 1983 and 1989 by principal investigators Johannes Knops and David Tilman. Past work at CDR and elsewhere has demonstrated an overriding influence of fire frequency in maintaining prairie openings and oak savanna at the prairie-forest border. Fire regimes harm some types of species while favoring others and drive light and nutrient dynamics, which in turn drive community functional attributes and diversity levels. Ultimately, fire frequency interacts with climate, N deposition, land use, and biotic invasion to determine the outcomes of tree-grass interactions and the dynamics of vegetation at ecotones such as the prairie-forest border in Minnesota. In 2006 each field was divided in half, and one half randomly chosen for periodic prescribed burning (a fire every other year). We anticipate that th
Plant aboveground biomass data: Old-Field Chronosequence: Plant Productivity
The goal of this research is to study the change in plant growth and species distribution during succession. Annual plant growth above ground is annually sampled in more than 20 fields from 4 permanently marked 3m x 4m plots in each field. These fields were previously cultivated, but then abandoned from agriculture at various times in the past. The fields were left undisturbed for plants to develop from seeds within the soil or brought into the fields by wind or animals. The fields included in this study are 4, 5, 10, 24, 26, 28, 35, 39, 41, 45, 53, 70, 72, 77 and the Lawrence strip that was abandoned in 1988. This experiment was started in 1987 by lead investigators David Tilman and Johannes Knops. Past work at CDR and elsewhere has demonstrated an overriding influence of fire frequency in maintaining prairie openings and oak savanna at the prairie-forest border. Fire regimes harm some types of species while favoring others and drive light and nutrient dynamics, which in turn drive community functional attributes and diversity levels. Ultimately, fire frequency interacts with climate, N deposition, land use, and biotic invasion to determine the outcomes of tree-grass interactions and the dynamics of vegetation at ecotones such as the prairie-forest border in Minnesota. In 2006 each field was divided in half, and one half randomly chosen for periodic prescribed burning (a fire every other year). We anticipate that the burned half will continue succession to prairie grassland while the unburned half will become white pine stands if seed sources are nearby, or will otherwise undergo extremely slow succession to oaks.
Soil carbon: Successional Dynamics on a Resampled Chronosequence
The purpose of this observational study is to describe the dynamics of ecosystem succession. The change in the number, type, and amount of plant and grazing animal species is monitored in more than 20 fields. These fields were previously cultivated, but then abandoned from agriculture at various times in the past. The fields were left undisturbed for plants to develop from seeds within the soil or brought into the fields by wind or animals. Permanent transects have been established in these abandoned fields for purposes of sampling in a consistent location from year to year. Permanent plots along these transects have been used to sample soil nutrients, (in particular, nitrogen) abundance of vegetation, species composition and herbivore populations. The sampling occurs approximately every 6 years. In the initial survey, 100 quadrats of size 1 by 0.5 m were sampled per field in 23 different fields. Abandoned fields included in E014 are 4, 5, 10, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28, 32, 35, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 47, 53, 70, 72, 76, 77. Fields 22(B), 29(A), and 69(C) were originally included in E014 but used for other purposes shortly after the start of the study. This experiment was established in 1983 and 1989 by principal investigators Johannes Knops and David Tilman. Past work at CDR and elsewhere has demonstrated an overriding influence of fire frequency in maintaining prairie openings and oak savanna at the prairie-forest border. Fire regimes harm some types of species while favoring others and drive light and nutrient dynamics, which in turn drive community functional attributes and diversity levels. Ultimately, fire frequency interacts with climate, N deposition, land use, and biotic invasion to determine the outcomes of tree-grass interactions and the dynamics of vegetation at ecotones such as the prairie-forest border in Minnesota. In 2006 each field was divided in half, and one half randomly chosen for periodic prescribed burning (a fire every other year). We anticipate that th
Aboveground biomass carbon and nitrogen: Old-Field Chronosequence: Plant Productivity
The goal of this research is to study the change in plant growth and species distribution during succession. Annual plant growth above ground is annually sampled in more than 20 fields from 4 permanently marked 3m x 4m plots in each field. These fields were previously cultivated, but then abandoned from agriculture at various times in the past. The fields were left undisturbed for plants to develop from seeds within the soil or brought into the fields by wind or animals. The fields included in this study are 4, 5, 10, 24, 26, 28, 35, 39, 41, 45, 53, 70, 72, 77 and the Lawrence strip that was abandoned in 1988. This experiment was started in 1987 by lead investigators David Tilman and Johannes Knops. In 2001 new sampling was started in positions similar to the E054 plots in these E014 fields: 21, 27, 32, 40, 44, 47, 76. Past work at CDR and elsewhere has demonstrated an overriding influence of fire frequency in maintaining prairie openings and oak savanna at the prairie-forest border. Fire regimes harm some types of species while favoring others and drive light and nutrient dynamics, which in turn drive community functional attributes and diversity levels. Ultimately, fire frequency interacts with climate, N deposition, land use, and biotic invasion to determine the outcomes of tree-grass interactions and the dynamics of vegetation at ecotones such as the prairie-forest border in Minnesota. In 2006 each field was divided in half, and one half randomly chosen for periodic prescribed burning (a fire every other year). We anticipate that the burned half will continue succession to prairie grassland while the unburned half will become white pine stands if seed sources are nearby, or will otherwise undergo extremely slow succession to oaks.
Soil carbon and nitrogen: Old-Field Chronosequence: Plant Productivity
The goal of this research is to study the change in plant growth and species distribution during succession. Annual plant growth above ground is annually sampled in more than 20 fields from 4 permanently marked 3m x 4m plots in each field. These fields were previously cultivated, but then abandoned from agriculture at various times in the past. The fields were left undisturbed for plants to develop from seeds within the soil or brought into the fields by wind or animals. The fields included in this study are 4, 5, 10, 24, 26, 28, 35, 39, 41, 45, 53, 70, 72, 77 and the Lawrence strip that was abandoned in 1988. This experiment was started in 1987 by lead investigators David Tilman and Johannes Knops. In 2001 new sampling was started in positions similar to the E054 plots in these E014 fields: 21, 27, 32, 40, 44, 47, 76. Past work at CDR and elsewhere has demonstrated an overriding influence of fire frequency in maintaining prairie openings and oak savanna at the prairie-forest border. Fire regimes harm some types of species while favoring others and drive light and nutrient dynamics, which in turn drive community functional attributes and diversity levels. Ultimately, fire frequency interacts with climate, N deposition, land use, and biotic invasion to determine the outcomes of tree-grass interactions and the dynamics of vegetation at ecotones such as the prairie-forest border in Minnesota. In 2006 each field was divided in half, and one half randomly chosen for periodic prescribed burning (a fire every other year). We anticipate that the burned half will continue succession to prairie grassland while the unburned half will become white pine stands if seed sources are nearby, or will otherwise undergo extremely slow succession to oaks.
Root biomass carbon and nitrogen: Old-Field Chronosequence: Plant Productivity
The goal of this research is to study the change in plant growth and species distribution during succession. Annual plant growth above ground is annually sampled in more than 20 fields from 4 permanently marked 3m x 4m plots in each field. These fields were previously cultivated, but then abandoned from agriculture at various times in the past. The fields were left undisturbed for plants to develop from seeds within the soil or brought into the fields by wind or animals. The fields included in this study are 4, 5, 10, 24, 26, 28, 35, 39, 41, 45, 53, 70, 72, 77 and the Lawrence strip that was abandoned in 1988. This experiment was started in 1987 by lead investigators David Tilman and Johannes Knops. In 2001 new sampling was started in positions similar to the E054 plots in these E014 fields: 21, 27, 32, 40, 44, 47, 76. Past work at CDR and elsewhere has demonstrated an overriding influence of fire frequency in maintaining prairie openings and oak savanna at the prairie-forest border. Fire regimes harm some types of species while favoring others and drive light and nutrient dynamics, which in turn drive community functional attributes and diversity levels. Ultimately, fire frequency interacts with climate, N deposition, land use, and biotic invasion to determine the outcomes of tree-grass interactions and the dynamics of vegetation at ecotones such as the prairie-forest border in Minnesota. In 2006 each field was divided in half, and one half randomly chosen for periodic prescribed burning (a fire every other year). We anticipate that the burned half will continue succession to prairie grassland while the unburned half will become white pine stands if seed sources are nearby, or will otherwise undergo extremely slow succession to oaks.
From bottom-up to top-down control of invertebrate herbivores in a retrogressive chronosequence
<p>In the long-term absence of disturbance, ecosystems often enter a decline or retrogressive phase which leads to reductions in primary productivity, plant biomass, nutrient cycling and foliar quality. However, the consequences of ecosystem retrogression for higher trophic levels such as herbivores and predators, are less clear. Using a post-fire forested island-chronosequence across which retrogression occurs, we provide evidence that nutrient availability strongly controls invertebrate herbivore biomass when predators are few, but that there is a switch from bottom-up to top-down control when predators are common. This trophic flip in herbivore control probably arises because invertebrate predators respond to alternative energy channels from the adjacent aquatic matrix, which were independent of terrestrial plant biomass. Our results suggest that effects of nutrient limitation resulting from ecosystem retrogression on trophic cascades are modified by nutrient-independent variation in predator abundance, and this calls for a more holistic approach to trophic ecology to better understand herbivore effects on plant communities.</p>
Data from: Impact of plant functional group and species removals on soil and plant nitrogen and phosphorus across a retrogressive chronosequence
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