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FIGURE 6 in Cinetorhynchus gabonensis, a new species of hinge-beak shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Rhynchocinetidae) from the eastern Atlantic

FIGURE 6. Colour pattern in life of three Atlantic species of the genus Cinetorhynchus. A–B, C. gabonensis sp. n., oviger- ous female allotype. C, C. rigens (Gordon, 1936), UO-Mdr.2018.06.08, Madeira. D, C. manningi Okuno, 1996, Brazil. Photos: A, Thomas Menut; B, C, Peter Wirtz; D, Carlos Eduardo Ferreira.

FIGURE 5 in Cinetorhynchus gabonensis, a new species of hinge-beak shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Rhynchocinetidae) from the eastern Atlantic

FIGURE 5. Cinetorhynchus gabonensis sp. n., holotype male. A, fifth to eight thoracic sterna and bases on pereiopods 2–5. B, posterior end on sixth pleomere, and proximal parts of uropods, ventral view. C, first male pleopod, anterior aspect. D, second male pleopod, posterior aspect. E, same, appendices interna and masculina.

FIGURE 3 in Cinetorhynchus gabonensis, a new species of hinge-beak shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Rhynchocinetidae) from the eastern Atlantic

FIGURE 3. Cinetorhynchus gabonensis sp. n., holotype male, mouthparts (right side dissected). A, paragnaths, posteroventral view. B, mandible. C, same, incisor and molar processes, outer view. D, same, with palp, inner view. E, maxillula. F, maxilla. G, first maxilliped. H, second maxilliped. I, third maxilliped. A, unscaled.

FIGURE 4 in Cinetorhynchus gabonensis, a new species of hinge-beak shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Rhynchocinetidae) from the eastern Atlantic

FIGURE 4. Cinetorhynchus gabonensis sp. n., holotype male. A, left first pereiopod, lateral view. B, same, chela and distal carpus. C, left second pereiopod, lateral view. D, same, chela and distal carpus. E, third pereiopod, lateral. F, same, dactylus and distal propodus. G, fourth pereiopod. H, fifth pereiopod.

FIGURE 2 in Cinetorhynchus gabonensis, a new species of hinge-beak shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Rhynchocinetidae) from the eastern Atlantic

FIGURE 2. Cinetorhynchus gabonensis sp. n., holotype male. A, anterior carapace and rostrum, lateral view. B, anterior cephalothorax with left eye and appendages, dorsal. C, part of dorsal margin of rostrum with tegumental scales, lateral. D, detail of tegumental scales laterally on carapace. E, tegumental scale. F, left antennule, lateral. G, left antenna, ventral. H, sixth pleomere, telson, and left uropod, dorsal. I, distal end of telson, dorsal.

FIGURE 7 in Cinetorhynchus gabonensis, a new species of hinge-beak shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Rhynchocinetidae) from the eastern Atlantic

FIGURE 7. Phylogenetic position of Cinetorhynchus gabonensis sp. n. among Atlantic congeners resolved by Maximum Likelihood (ML) method based on the combined 16S and COI gene sequences (with a stenopodid species as outgroup). Maximum Likelihood bootstrap support and Bayesian posterior probabilities (ML/BI) expressed as percentages are indicated in nodes.

Figure 7 in Molecular phylogeny of hinge-beak shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus) and allies: a formal test of familiar and generic monophyly using a multilocus phylogeny

Figure 7. Presence/absence of the 'robustus' morphotype and sexual systems of Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus shrimps synthesized on the tree resulting from the one-phase SATé-II analysis of maximum likelihood. Robustus morphotype: presence (black squares), absence (white squares), unknown (grey squares). Sexual system: separate sexes (white squares), protandry (black squares), unknown (grey squares). The photographs show a 'robustus' male morphotype of Rhynchocinetes typus (left, bottom) and a male specimen of the protandric Cinetorhynchus uritai (right, bottom). Males in the latter species exhibit poorly developed chelipeds and maxillipeds in comparison with 'robustus' males of species of Rhynchocinetes. For further details see text. Photographic credits: M. Thiel (C. uritai), I. Hinojosa (Rhynchocinetes typus).

Figure 4 in Molecular phylogeny of hinge-beak shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus) and allies: a formal test of familiar and generic monophyly using a multilocus phylogeny

Figure 4. One-phase simultaneous alignment and tree estimation (SATé-II) analysis of maximum likelihood (ML) for representatives of the family Rhynchocinetidae using two nuclear genes. The phylogenetic tree resulted from the combined analysis of 12S, Histone (H3), and Enolase gene fragments of Rhynchocinetes (seven taxa and eight terminals), Cinetorhynchus (five taxa and 12 terminals), Lipkius (one taxon and two terminals), Eugonatonotus (one taxon), and outgroups. The numbers above or below the branches represent the bootstrap values obtained from the ML analyses in SATé-II.

Figure 1 in Molecular phylogeny of hinge-beak shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus) and allies: a formal test of familiar and generic monophyly using a multilocus phylogeny

Figure 1. Some morphological characters of shrimps from the genera Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus. A, 'cage' position during mating in the shrimp Rhynchocinetes typus, the only species of marine caridean shrimp for which alternative mating tactics have been demonstrated so far. Notice the well-developed third maxillipeds and chelipeds characteristic of the 'robustus' male morphotype. B, habitus (view of the entire animal) of the hinged-beak shrimp genus Cinetorhynchus. C, lateral view of the rostrum of R. typus. Notice the articulation (arrow) of the rostrum with the remainder of the carapace. D, lateral view of the rostrum of Cinetorhynchus rigens. Notice the indistinct articulation between the carapace and the rostrum (compared with Rhynchocinetes). E, dorsal view of the carapace in C. rigens. Notice the three teeth at the median carina of the carapace and the absence of a supraorbital spine. F, dorsal view of the carapace in R. typus. Notice the two acute teeth at the median carina of the carapace and the supraorbital spine. G, lateral view of the fourth and fifth pereopods of R. typus. Notice the presence of only one row of meral spines on these pereopods. H, lateral view of the fourth and fifth pereopods of C. rigens. Notice the presence of two rows of meral spines. A from Correa et al. (2003); B–H from de Melo (2007).

Figure 3. A in Molecular phylogeny of hinge-beak shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus) and allies: a formal test of familiar and generic monophyly using a multilocus phylogeny

Figure 3. A, one-phase simultaneous alignment and tree estimation (SATé-II) analysis of maximum likelihood (ML) for representatives of the superfamily Nematocarcinoidea using two nuclear genes. B, two-phase phylogenetic analysis of Bayesian inference (BI) using two nuclear genes for representatives of the superfamily Nematocarcinoidea. The two phylogenetic trees resulted from the combined analysis of Histone (H3) and Enolase gene fragments of Rhynchocinetes (seven taxa and eight terminals), Cinetorhynchus (five taxa and 12 terminals), Lipkius (one taxon and two terminals), Nematocarcinus (three taxa), Eugonatonotus (one taxon), and outgroups. In (B), the general topology of the trees obtained from two-phase ML and BI analyses was the same. In (A), the numbers above or below the branches represent the bootstrap values obtained from the ML analysis in SATé-II. In (B), numbers above or below the branches represent the posterior probabilities from the BI analysis in MrBayes and bootstrap values obtained from the ML analyses in TREEFINDER (ML/BI).

Figure 2 in Molecular phylogeny of hinge-beak shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus) and allies: a formal test of familiar and generic monophyly using a multilocus phylogeny

Figure 2. Habitus and morphological diversity of hinged-beak shrimps from the genera Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus and allied species in the superfamily Nematocarcinoidea. A, lateral view of Eugonatonotus crassus (Eugonatonotidae) (photo credit: Charles Bump, SERT). B, lateral view of Cinetorhynchus cf. maningi (photo credit: Arthur Anker). C, pair of Cinetorhynchus hendersoni in situ (photo credit: Nicolas Ory). Notice the male on the right with extremely elongated pereopods. D, large aggregation of Rhynchocinetes uritai in Japan (photo credit: Martin Thiel). E, dorsal view of a 'robustus' male of Rhynchocinetes typus (photo credit: Ivan Hinojosa). Notice the elongated third maxillipeds and the dense setae in the chelipeds. F, small aggregation of Rhynchocinetes serratus (photo credit: Ivan Hinojosa). In the male perched on the roof of the crevice, notice the elongated third maxillipeds and the absence of dense setae on the chelipeds. G, lateral view of Cinetorhynchus cf. rigens (photo credit: Arthur Anker).

Figure 5 in Molecular phylogeny of hinge-beak shrimps (Decapoda: Caridea: Rhynchocinetes and Cinetorhynchus) and allies: a formal test of familiar and generic monophyly using a multilocus phylogeny

Figure 5. Two-phase (above) and three-phase (below) phylogenetic analyses of maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) for representatives of the family Rhynchocinetidae using three genes. The software MUSCLE was used for sequence alignment The two phylogenetic trees resulted from the combined analysis of 12S, Histone (H3), and Enolase gene fragments of Rhynchocinetes (seven taxa and eight terminals), Cinetorhynchus (five taxa and 12 terminals), Lipkius (one taxon and two terminals), Eugonatonotus (one taxon) and outgroups. The general topology of the trees obtained from two-phase and three-phase ML and BI analyses was the same. The numbers above or below the branches represent the posterior probabilities from the BI analysis in MrBayes and bootstrap values obtained from ML analyses in TREEFINDER (ML/BI).

FIGURE 1 in Cinetorhynchus gabonensis, a new species of hinge-beak shrimp (Crustacea: Decapoda: Rhynchocinetidae) from the eastern Atlantic

FIGURE 1. Cinetorhynchus gabonensis sp. n., holotype male, habitus, lateral view.

Figure 9 from: Bauer RT, Okuno J, Thiel M (2014) Inferences on mating and sexual systems of two Pacific Cinetorhynchus shrimps (Decapoda, Rhynchocinetidae) based on sexual dimorphism in body size and cheliped weaponry. In: Wehrtmann IS, Bauer RT (Eds) Proceedings of the Summer Meeting of the Crustacean Society and the Latin American Association of Carcinology, Costa Rica, July 2013. ZooKeys 457: 187-209. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.457.6512

Figure 9 - Fecundity in Cinetorhynchus species A and B. The log10 number of embryos per brood are plotted against log10 female size (carapace length, mm).

Figure 2 from: Bauer RT, Okuno J, Thiel M (2014) Inferences on mating and sexual systems of two Pacific Cinetorhynchus shrimps (Decapoda, Rhynchocinetidae) based on sexual dimorphism in body size and cheliped weaponry. In: Wehrtmann IS, Bauer RT (Eds) Proceedings of the Summer Meeting of the Crustacean Society and the Latin American Association of Carcinology, Costa Rica, July 2013. ZooKeys 457: 187-209. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.457.6512

Figure 2 - Photographs of living Cinetorhynchus species from Coconut Island, Hawaii. A Cinetorhynchus sp. B male with subchelate first chelipeds (pereopod 1) B Cinetorhynchus sp. B male with cheliped intermediate between chelate and subchelate C Cinetorhynchus sp. A male with subchelate chelipeds D Cinetorhynchus sp. B female E Cinetorhynchus sp. A female. C1 cheliped 1; C2 cheliped 2; M3 third maxilliped. Scale bars represent 10 mm.

Figure 8 from: Bauer RT, Okuno J, Thiel M (2014) Inferences on mating and sexual systems of two Pacific Cinetorhynchus shrimps (Decapoda, Rhynchocinetidae) based on sexual dimorphism in body size and cheliped weaponry. In: Wehrtmann IS, Bauer RT (Eds) Proceedings of the Summer Meeting of the Crustacean Society and the Latin American Association of Carcinology, Costa Rica, July 2013. ZooKeys 457: 187-209. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.457.6512

Figure 8 - Puncture wounds (unmarked arrows) on the propodi of the major chelipeds of three large Cinetorhynchus males. A Cinetorhynchus sp. A B and C Cinetorhynchus sp. B D Regenerating major cheliped of a male Cinetorhynchus sp. B; only two articles plus a rudimentary cheliped with underdeveloped propodus and dactyl have formed. d dactyl (movable finger); p propodus. Scale bars represent 3 mm.

Figure 5 from: Bauer RT, Okuno J, Thiel M (2014) Inferences on mating and sexual systems of two Pacific Cinetorhynchus shrimps (Decapoda, Rhynchocinetidae) based on sexual dimorphism in body size and cheliped weaponry. In: Wehrtmann IS, Bauer RT (Eds) Proceedings of the Summer Meeting of the Crustacean Society and the Latin American Association of Carcinology, Costa Rica, July 2013. ZooKeys 457: 187-209. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.457.6512

Figure 5 - Comparison of third maxillipeds in male and female Cinetorhynchus species. A Maxilliped 3 size (measured as length of terminal article) plotted against body size (carapace length, CL) B Number of corneous spines on the terminal article of maxilliped 3 plotted against body size (CL). In B number of observations is the same as A, except for Cinetorhynchus sp. B males (n=45) and Cinetorhynchus sp. B females (n=13) because spinous portions of the terminal article of some individuals were damaged.

Figure 7 from: Bauer RT, Okuno J, Thiel M (2014) Inferences on mating and sexual systems of two Pacific Cinetorhynchus shrimps (Decapoda, Rhynchocinetidae) based on sexual dimorphism in body size and cheliped weaponry. In: Wehrtmann IS, Bauer RT (Eds) Proceedings of the Summer Meeting of the Crustacean Society and the Latin American Association of Carcinology, Costa Rica, July 2013. ZooKeys 457: 187-209. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.457.6512

Figure 7 - Variation in the major chela and chela finger shape with increasing size in males of Cinetorhynchus species B. A female 11.3 mm CL B male 9.4 mm CL C male 10.1 mm CL D male 10.6 mm CL E male 11.4 mm CL. cs corneous (black) seta(e); d dactyl (movable finger); p propodus; pf propodal finger. Unlabeled arrows in D and E show lack of the black corneous setae seen in A–C. Scale bars represent 10 mm.

Figure 6 from: Bauer RT, Okuno J, Thiel M (2014) Inferences on mating and sexual systems of two Pacific Cinetorhynchus shrimps (Decapoda, Rhynchocinetidae) based on sexual dimorphism in body size and cheliped weaponry. In: Wehrtmann IS, Bauer RT (Eds) Proceedings of the Summer Meeting of the Crustacean Society and the Latin American Association of Carcinology, Costa Rica, July 2013. ZooKeys 457: 187-209. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.457.6512

Figure 6 - Ontogeny of major chela (pereopod 1) structure from a typical chela to a subchela in Cinetorhynchus species A and B. The length of the propodal finger relative to propodal length (cheliped size) is plotted as the measure of chela structure. With growth, the relative propodal (fixed) finger length decreases in larger males but not in females as male first chelipeds change from chelate to subchelate (see Figure 7). A Cinetorhynchus sp. A B Cinetorhynchus sp. B.

Figure 4 from: Bauer RT, Okuno J, Thiel M (2014) Inferences on mating and sexual systems of two Pacific Cinetorhynchus shrimps (Decapoda, Rhynchocinetidae) based on sexual dimorphism in body size and cheliped weaponry. In: Wehrtmann IS, Bauer RT (Eds) Proceedings of the Summer Meeting of the Crustacean Society and the Latin American Association of Carcinology, Costa Rica, July 2013. ZooKeys 457: 187-209. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.457.6512

Figure 4 - Variation of cheliped size in Cinetorhynchus species. Cheliped size (measured as propodal length) is plotted against body size (CL) in male and females. A Cinetorhynchus sp. A B Cinetorhynchus sp. B.