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37 results for “Cladodoides”
Fig. 38 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 38. Diagrammatic representations of the posterior dorsal fontanelle, otic capsules, synotic tectum, and occipital arch in various elasmobranchs. Dorsal views, anterior to top: (A) Pucapampella or Tamiobatis; posterior tectum absent, fontanelle confluent with oticooccipital fissure, occipital arch complete; (B) Cladodoides; posterior tectum present, fontanelle separated from fissure, occipital arch complete; (C) 62mm Heterodontus; medial tectum extends from synotic tectum and meets complete occipital arch pri or to its fusion with otic capsules (D) 48mm Squalus; occipital pilae fused to otic capsules pri or to closure of occipital arch dorsally. Panels C and D are based on figures in Holmgren (1940). Not to scale.
Fig. 37 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 37. Oticooccipital regions in medial view as if sliced sagitally, in (A) an early actinopterygian, Mimia (after Gardiner, 1984a); (B) Cladodoides. Note general similarity in vestibular chamber morphology, including presence of a septum incompletely separating the utricular recess and medullary chamber dorsally. Not to scale.
Fig. 35. Tamiobatis vetustus NMNH 1717 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 35. Tamiobatis vetustus NMNH 1717. Ventral view of braincase, depicting four alternative scenarios of basicranial arteries discussed in the text. Note disagreements over the foramen for the orbital artery/anterior palatine ramus, site of efferent pseudobranchial foramen, and the extent to which internal carotid and orbital arteries were enclosed by cartilage. The preferred arrangement is similar to that reconstructed in Cladodoides (fig. 21). No scale.
Fig. 34 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 34. Braincase of the arthrodire Dicksonosteus (illustrations derived from Goujet, 1984: figs. 6 and 26, and combined here). The left side shows the braincase in ventral view, and the right side shows the endocast in dorsal view. The anterior postorbital process bears the hyomandibular fossa and surrounds the jugular canal and facial nerve. No scale.
Fig. 33 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 33. Comparison of the postorbital process in anterior view: (A) Acanthodes (after Miles, 1973);
Fig. 32 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 32. Diagrammatic representation of postulated topographic differences in the dorsal attachment point of the lateral commissure in (A) Cladodoides and (B) a generalized hybodont or neoselachian. The positions of the trigeminal and facial nerves relative to the otic capsule and eye are identical, but they lie behind the orbit in panel A and within it in panel B. This probably reflects differences in the anteroposterior extent of the supraorbital shelf (including the primary postorbital process, to which the lateral commissure is secondarily fused). In many neoselachians, the lateral commissure is unchondrified or absent, but the primary postorbital process is commonly present. Anterior to left. No scale.
Fig. 31 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 31. Fragmentary acidprepared occipital region of an undetermined (ctenacanth?) shark braincase, USNM 299647, St. Louis Limestone, Alton, Illinois. (A) Dorsal view, anterior to top; (B) anterior view. Note the extensive notochordal sheath supported by a median subnotochordal septum and large paired ''chambers'' forming prominent convexities ventrally between the median groove and paired aortic canals. Scale bar = 5 cm.
Fig. 29 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 29. Transverse sections of a Scyliorhinus embryo (after De Beer, 1931; no scale indicated). Note the continuity of the metotic and oticooccipital fissures beneath the otic capsule, and the position of the glossopharyngeal nerve between the capsule and hypotic lamina.
Fig. 30 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 30. Transverse sections through the occipital region of the Cladodoides braincase showing the subnotochordal septum and ''chambers'' (presumably cartilagefilled in life). (A) Slice 281; (B) slice 280; (C) slice 276. All of these features extend over fewer than 10 slices (approx. 3 mm) in this braincase, in contrast with the occipital region shown in figure 31.
Fig. 28 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 28. Occipital region of the Cladodoides braincase (surface rendering), oblique perspective detail views: (A) posterolateral view; (B) posteromedial view; (C) anteromedial view; (D) anterolateral view. This block overlaps slightly with that shown in figure 22, repeating the tip of the dorsal otic ridge and posterior semicircular canal. The hypotic lamina is fused to the capsular wall laterally, forming a glossopharyngeal canal. The position of the vagal nerve is indicated by an expansion in the oticooccipital fissure above the glossopharyngeal canal.
Fig. 27 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 27. Comparison of the cranial endocast in Cladodoides (A, D) and Notorynchus (B, C). The endocasts are positioned with their anterior ampullae aligned. Note the greater length of the mesencephalic chamber in Cladodoides, resulting in a more anterior location of the hypophyseal chamber and foramina for the oculomotor and optic nerves and efferent pseudobranchial artery. Despite these differences, the position of the trochlear foramen is similar, suggesting that the proportions of the mesencephalic chamber primarily involve its ventral part and may be related to differential development of the polar cartilage. Not to scale.
Fig. 15 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 15. Ventral region of the orbit in the Humboldt University specimen (''Cladodus hassiacus''). (A) From Stensiö 1937; (B) with certain features reidentified following the present interpretation of Cladodoides. The unlabeled feature in panel B is simply the clipped wall of the otic capsule. Differing interpretations include the external rectus insertion (previously identified as the trigeminal foramen), the inferred position of the anteroventral lateral line nerve, and reinterpretation of the supposed hyomandibular facet as part of the lateral otic fossa.
Fig. 10 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 10. The extent of the polar cartilagederived region (gray area) in neoselachians. (A) Squalus 50mm stage, lateral view; (B) Scyliorhinus 36mm stage, lateral view; (C, D) Heterodontus 62mm stage, lateral (C) and medial (D) views. Panels A and B are after De Beer 1931; panels C and D are after Holmgren 1941.
Fig. 7 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 7. Medial view of the Cladodoides braincase sliced through the sagittal plane (surface rendering).
Fig. 16 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 16. Surface rendering of the scanned Cladodoides braincase with clipping planes cutting through the postorbital process and suborbital shelf. Both views are reversed to facilitate comparison with figure 15. The clipping plane in panel A is almost parallel to the sagittal plane. In panel B the plane is more oblique, cutting the posterior part of the braincase farther laterally and the anterior part farther medially. Orientation data for clipping planes are as follows: Plane (axis, position, rotation); A (X, 14.08, 77.0; Y, 5.0, 109.0; Z, 11.34, 270.0); B (X, 10.56, 77.0, Y, 1.60, 121.0, Z, 0.80, 270.0). These values represent positions along and angular deviations from the surface rendering's original XYZ axes.
Fig. 3 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 3. Volume and surface renderings of the Cladodoides braincase. (A, B) Combined volume and surface renderings; (C, D) surface rendering only. Panels A and C are oblique left anterolateral views; panels B and D are oblique left posterolateral views. Note the marked lack of preparation in the occipital region and a thin but significant covering of matrix in the ethmoid region and the anterior part of the supraorbital shelf (darker gray areas).
Fig. 13 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 13. Detail of the hypophyseal region in Cladodoides. (A) Medial view; (B) ventral view. Anterior to left in both views. The probable course of the internal carotid artery is indicated by a series of dots. After entering the buccohypophyseal fenestra (which is essentially an extracranial space), the artery continues around its margin before it enters the braincase via a central opening in the floor of the hypophyseal chamber.
Fig. 11 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 11. Cladodoides endocast; detail of passages for optic nerve and ophthalmic and efferent pseudobranchial arteries (surface rendering, oblique anterolateral view).
Fig. 2 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 2. Reproductions of original illustrations of the Cladodoides braincase, slightly modified from Gross (1937) by combining several originally separate figures. (A) Dorsal view; (B) ventral view; (C) left lateral view; (D) scrap lateral view of orbit with postorbital process removed; (E) posterior view of postorbital process. For the convenience of the reader, the original abbreviations of the annotations in German are retained, so that features identified by Gross and discussed in the text are more readily identified; for further explanation, the original work should be consulted. These annotations differ from those used elsewhere in the present paper and are not explained in the list of abbreviations. The only other changes from the original published drawings are digital clarification of leader lines and some abbreviations, cleaned outlines, and improved contrast.
Fig. 22 in Braincase Of The Upper Devonian Shark Cladodoides Wildungensis (Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii With Observations On The Braincase In Early Chondrichthyans
Fig. 22. Otic region of the Cladodoides braincase (surface rendering), oblique perspective detail views. (A) Anteromedial view; (B) anterolateral view; (C) posterior view; (D) posteromedial view. This block overlaps slightly with that depicted in figure 17, repeating the exit of the hyomandibular trunk. Note the absence of a medial wall to the saccular chamber, utricular recess, and crus commune, although the semicircular canals are almost completely enclosed by cartilage. The position of the octaval (acusticovestibular) nerve is indicated, but is more clearly seen in sections (see fig. 18E). The hypotic lamina extends beneath the otic capsule, forming a wide glossopharyngeal canal and a short metotic fissure. The lateral dorsal aorta is enclosed by cartilage posteriorly, then emerges ventrally. The uneven internal floor and thickened cranial roof in front of the posterior dorsal fontanelle are artifacts of digital interpretation, as the braincase wall is poorly calcified in these areas; it is unlikely that the synotic tectum was originally as thick as shown here.
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