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186 results for “Climate change effects”
Coral growth data for the research article "Reconstruction of long-term sub-lethal effects of warming on a temperate coral in a climate change hotspot" in Journal of Animal Ecology
<p>This repository contains the coral growth data files used to generate the results for the following article:</p> <p> </p> <p>MJ. Vergotti, JP. D’Olivo, T. Brachert, P. Capdevila, J. Garrabou, C. Linares, P. Spreter, DK. Kersting (2024) Reconstruction of long-term sub-lethal effects of warming on a temperate coral in a climate change hot-spot. <em>Journal of Animal Ecology</em>. https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2656.14225</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The impact of warming on zooxanthellate corals is widespread, from tropical to temperate seas, with their associated mortalities causing global concern. The temperate coral <em>Cladocora caespitosa</em> is the only zooxanthellate coral with reef-building capacity in the Mediterranean Sea, a climate change hotspot with warming rates triple the global average. Over the past two decades, <em>C. caespitosa</em> populations have suffered severe mortality events associated with marine heatwaves (MHWs). However, with monitoring efforts beginning, at best, in the 2000s, the occurrence of MHWs before to that period, as well as the sub-lethal effects of these events remain poorly understood. Here we use sclerochronology to reconstruct the histories of past stress events and long-term sub-lethal effects on <em>C. caespitosa</em> in three locations within the NW Mediterranean Sea, each with different environmental conditions. Skeletal extension, density and calcification rates were compared to the <em>in situ</em> seawater temperature of each site to assess their relationship. Additionally, we assessed the occurrence of skeletal growth anomalies to reconstruct stress events between 1991 and 2021, a period that encompasses the onset and evolution of warming-related mass mortality events in the NW Mediterranean Sea. Our results reveal a positive association between calcification and temperature, following a latitudinal temperature gradient. However, the evolution of the likelihood distribution of growth rates in the warmest site (Columbretes Islands) since the 1990s indicates a decrease in linear extension and calcification rates during the most recent years. With the increase in the frequency of MHWs and growth anomalies during the last decade, this decline suggests a recurrence in physiological stress events. These results unravel information on the long-term impacts of warming on coral growth and highlight the potential of applying sclerochronology to reconstruct sub-lethal effects of warming using <em>C. caespitosa</em>. </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Funding</strong>: This research is supported by the Horizon 2020 program of research and innovation of the European Union under the MaCoBioS grant agreement, by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation, project no. 401447620) and by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities under the project UndResCoral (project no. PID2022-137539OA-C22). D.K.K. was supported by a Ramon y Cajal postdoctoral grant funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (PEICTI 2021–2023; grant no. RYC2021-033576-I). C.L. acknowledges the support by ICREA Academia. J.G. acknowledges the grant “Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence” accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S) funded by AEI 10.13039/501100011033.</p>
Model projection of the effect of climate change and fishing pressure on key species of the South East Asia Seas
<p>The dataset contain Projection from the Size-Spectra Bioclimatic Envelop Model (SS-DBEM), this work was part of the GCRF Blue communities Programme (www.blue-communities.org). The model provides distribution and abundance and/or biomass of fish and other species of commercial interest under climate change and fishing pressure. The model outputs are yearly abundance/biomass on a 0.5-by-0.5 degree grid, covering the period from 2000 to 2098. Further description of the model and relevant references are listed in the following file: Guide-fish-model-output-use.docx</p> <p>The model was run under two climate scenario: RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, with different combinations of fishing pressure expressed as the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) for the following values: 0 (no fishing, climate change alone will cause variation in fish biomass), 1 (sustainable fishing), 2, 3 (overfishing), and, 4 (overfishing with destructive practice). The intent is not to reproduce current fishing level but to provide a range of scenarios with which the future of fisheries can be explored.</p> <p>We projected fish species that were identified as key in the South East Asia seas region by our regional partners.The full list is provided in document: Fish-list-modelguide.xlsx</p> <p>There are 4 zip files that contain the model outputs of in either abundance (number of fish) or biomass grams of fish) for the two climate scenario. For example Biomass-RCP45.zip will contain model outputs in biomass for projections under RCP4.5 and all MSY. within the zip files are .csv files of the outputs for each species under the 5 MSY (0 to 4), the individual file names identify the species (identified by a 6digit code), the output provided (abundance or biomass), the RCP (8.5 or 4.5), and the MSY (0, 1, 2, 3, or 4). For example the file labelled 600107-Abundance-rcp85-msy4.csv contains the outputs for species 600107 (Skipjack tuna, <em>Katsuwonnus pelamis</em>), as abundance, under RCP8.5 with MSY4. Headers indicate what is in each column (latitude, longitude and year).</p> <p> </p> <p>Note: some knowledge of Python, R, or a similar software is recommended to ensure easy of use.</p>
Direct and indirect effects of climate and land use change on food webs in lakes and streams
<p>Here, we provide the data and code necessary to reproduce the workflow and analysis in: Barbosa and Siqueira. Direct and indirect effects of climate and land use change on food webs in lakes and streams. A preprint is available at https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.04.18.488700</p> <p>We compiled multicontinental data to investigate how climate and land use change are related to the structure of freshwater food webs, considering the inherent differences in lentic and lotic ecosystems. We analyzed the direct and indirect relationships between land use intensity, and temperature and precipitation changes, and food webs using multi-group structural equation modeling. Freshwater food webs were obtained from three sources: the Mangal interaction database, using the rmangal package in R, the GlobAl databasE of traits and food Web Architecture (GATEWAY) version 1.0, and the Interaction Web Data Base (IWDB). We also included food webs acquired from a search in the Web of Science Core Collection. Land use data was compiled from the global ESA CCI database, an annually generated land cover product at 300 m resolution for the period 1992 – 2015. Climate data was compiled from the TerraClimate database, a monthly generated product for climate and climatic water balance for global terrestrial surfaces at ~ 4 km for the period 1958 – 2015. </p>
Data and code for Haberle, Hackenberger et al.: Effects of climate change on gilthead seabream aquaculture in the Mediterranean
<p>The submission was prepared to accompany the publication Haberle, Hackenberger et al. "Effects of climate change on gilthead seabream aquaculture in the Mediterranean" in Aquaculture (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2023.740052).</p> <p>The simulations source code is available through GitHub repository at:<br> https://github.com/QuantEcoLab/SparusSim_Haberle_et_al_2023</p> <p>The Zanodo archive contains GeoTIFF images underlying the figures in the publication, with the corresponding description in the Readme file.</p>
Macrosystems EDDIE Module 1: Climate Change Effects on Lake Temperatures
Climate change is modifying the thermal structure of lakes around the globe. Because it is difficult to predict how lakes will respond to the many different aspects of climate change (e.g., altered temperature, precipitation, wind, etc.), many researchers are using models to manipulate climate scenarios and simulate lake responses. Lake simulation models provide a powerful tool for exploring the sensitivity of lake thermal structure characteristics to weather. In this module, students will learn how to set up a lake model (General Lake Model; GLM) and "force" the model with climate scenarios of their own design to test hypotheses about how lakes may change in the future. Once students have mastered running one climate scenario for their lake, they will learn how to use distributed computing tools to scale up and run hundreds of different climate scenarios for their lakes. The overarching goal of this module is for students to explore new modeling and computing tools while learning fundamental concepts about how climate change will affect lakes. The A-B-C structure of this module makes it flexible and adaptable to a range of student levels and course structures. This dataset contains instructional materials and the files necessary to run the complete module. Readers are referred to the GLM science manual (Hipsey et al. 2014) for further details on model configuration.
Data from: Effects of multiple climate change stressors on gene expression in blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus)
<p>Global climate change is predicted to increase the co-occurrence of high pCO2 and hypoxia in upwelling zones worldwide. Yet, few studies have examined the effects of these stressors on economically and ecologically important fishes. Here, we investigated short-term responses of juvenile blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus) to independent and combined high pCO2 and hypoxia at the molecular level, using changes in gene expression and metabolic enzymatic activity to investigate potential shifts in energy metabolism. Fish were experimentally exposed to conditions associated with intensified upwelling under climate change: high pCO2 (1200 μatm, pH~7.6), hypoxia (4.0 mg O2/L), and a combined high pCO2/hypoxia treatment for 12 h, 24 h or two weeks. Muscle transcriptome profiles varied significantly among the three treatments, with limited overlap among genes responsive to both the single and combined stressors. Under elevated pCO2, blue rockfish increased expression of genes encoding proteins involved in the electron transport chain and muscle contraction. Under hypoxia, blue rockfish up regulated genes involved in oxygen and ion transport and down regulated transcriptional machinery. Under combined high pCO2 and hypoxia, blue rockfish induced a unique set of ionoregulatory and hypoxia responsive genes not expressed under the single stressors. Thus, high pCO2 and hypoxia exposure appears to induce a non-additive transcriptomic response that cannot be predicted from single stressor exposures alone, further highlighting the need for multiple stressor studies at the molecular level. Overall, lack of a major shift in cellular energetics indicates that blue rockfish may be relatively resistant to intensified upwelling conditions in the short term.</p>
Modelling the carbon balance in bryophytes and lichens: Presentation of PoiCarb 1.0, a new model for explaining distribution patterns and predicting climate-change effects
<p><strong>Premise </strong></p> <p>Bryophytes and lichens have important functional roles in many ecosystems. Insight into how their CO<sub>2</sub> exchange responds to climatic conditions is essential for understanding current and predicting future productivity and biomass patterns, but responses are hard to quantify at time-scales beyond instantaneous measurements. We present PoiCarb 1.0, a model to study how CO<sub>2</sub> exchange rates of these poikilohydric organisms change through time as a function of weather conditions.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>PoiCarb simulates diel fluctuations of CO<sub>2</sub> exchange and estimates long-term carbon balances, identifying optimal and limiting climatic patterns. Modelled processes are net photosynthesis, dark respiration, evaporation and water uptake. Measured CO<sub>2</sub>-exchange responses to light, temperature, atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, and thallus water content (calculated in a separate module) are used to parameterise the model's carbon module. We validated the model by comparing modelled diel courses of net CO<sub>2</sub> exchange to such courses from field measurements on the tropical lichen <em>Crocodia aurata</em>. To demonstrate the model's usefulness, we simulated potential climate-change effects.</p> <p><strong>Results </strong></p> <p>Diel patterns were reproduced well and modelled and observed diel carbon balances were strongly positively correlated. Simulated warming effects via changes in metabolic rates were consistently negative, while effects via faster drying were variable, depending on the timing of hydration.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>Being able to reproduce the weather-dependent variation in diel carbon balances is a clear improvement compared to simple extrapolations of short-term measurements or potential photosynthetic rates. Apart from predicting climate-change effects, future uses of PoiCarb include testing hypotheses about distribution patterns of poikilohydric organisms and guiding species' conservation.</p>
Data for: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) offsets the detrimental effects of climate change in the nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium Crocosphaera
<div> <div> <div> <div> <p>Diazotrophs provide a significant reactive nitrogen source in the ocean. Increased warming and stratification may decrease nutrient availability in the future, forcing microbial communities to use dissolved organic matter (DOM). Not depending on reactive nitrogen availability, diazotrophs may be "winners" in a nutrient depleted ocean. However, their ability to exploit DOM may influence this success. We exposed cultures of the widespread <em>Crocosphaera</em> to low (26°C, pH 8.1), moderate (28°C, pH 8.0), and extreme (30°C, pH 7.9) climate change scenarios, under control or DOM-amended conditions. Growth was suboptimal in the low and extreme treatments, and favoured in the moderate treatment. DOM was preferred as a carbon source regardless of the treatment, and promoted N<sub>2</sub> fixation in extreme conditions. This was reflected in the increased expression of photosynthesis genes to obtain energy. DOM provides <em>Crocosphaera</em> with a key ecological advantage, possibly dictating diazotroph-derived nitrogen inputs in the future ocean.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>
CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS ON A SUBTROPICAL COASTAL SHALLOW LAKE FROM HEATWAVE INDEXES
<p>This zipped folder contains the files used to generate the results of this article, submitted to the journal Earth Systems and Environment.</p>
FIGURE 2 in The effectiveness of protected areas in the Paraná-Paraguay basin in preserving multiple facets of freshwater fish diversity under climate change
FIGURE 2 | Paraná-Paraguay basin and the 17% of the area with the highest values of species richness (SR), functional richness (FRic), and phylogenetic diversity (PD), as well as the protected areas (PAs). A. SR, FRic, and PD, as well as their individual distribution for the current and future scenarios of climate change; B. the overlap between SR, FRic, and PD, as well as the protected areas in the Paraná-Paraguay basin, for the current and future scenarios of climate change C. The Venn diagrams showing the percentage of overlap between the components of fish diversity and the protected areas currently in the basin.
FIGURE 1 in The effectiveness of protected areas in the Paraná-Paraguay basin in preserving multiple facets of freshwater fish diversity under climate change
FIGURE 1 | Paraná-Paraguay basin showing countries' boundaries, topography, hydrographic features, and protected areas. 1. Upper Paraná River basin; 2. Middle Paraná River basin; 3. Lower Paraná basin; 4. Upper Paraguay basin; 5. Middle Paraguay basin; 6. Lower Paraguay basin.
Fig. 1 in The effects of short-term climate change on the range of species: the case of the expanding European dwarf mantis Ameles spallanzania in northern Italy (Mantodea: Amelidae)
Fig. 1 – Distribution of Ameles spallanzania in Italy across a, past period and b, current period. Confirmed data refer to already known presence cells in the previous time interval.
Fig. 6 in Climate change, biodiversity, ticks and tick-borne diseases: The butterfly effect
Fig. 6. Podolica cattle in the Gallipoli Cognato Regional Park, Basilicata, southern Italy. These cattle move freely within the park's territory, helping in disseminating Ixodes ricinus to different altitudes (from 200 m to over 1000 m).
Fig. 5. A in Climate change, biodiversity, ticks and tick-borne diseases: The butterfly effect
Fig. 5. A male of the winter tick Haemaphysalis inermis collected in a cold winter day in January 2010 in Basilicata, southern Italy.
Fig. 4 in Climate change, biodiversity, ticks and tick-borne diseases: The butterfly effect
Fig. 4. Shanghai, China: the largest city proper by population in the world. China is the world's largest carbon emitter; it accounted for 29% of global total emissions in 2012 (Olivier et al., 2013).
Fig. 3 in Climate change, biodiversity, ticks and tick-borne diseases: The butterfly effect
Fig. 3. Deforestation of Atlantic rainforest for the establishment of banana tree plantations in Amaraji, north-eastern Brazil.
Fig. 1 in Climate change, biodiversity, ticks and tick-borne diseases: The butterfly effect
Fig. 1. Climate change is contributing to sea level rise. The Boa Viagem beach is a tourist destination in Recife, north-eastern Brazil. If current trends in sea level rise persist, cities like Recife may be literally swallowed the sea in the coming decades.
Fig. 2 in Climate change, biodiversity, ticks and tick-borne diseases: The butterfly effect
Fig. 2. Sloth found on a road that crosses a region of Atlantic rainforest in Aldeia, north-eastern Brazil. Crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) and other wild animals are commonly seen crossing this road and are frequently victims of car crashes.
Figure 3. The effective population size through recent time for 3 in Comparative analyses of past population dynamics between two subterranean zokor species and the response to climate changes
Figure 3. The effective population size through recent time for 3 clades of Gansu zokor (Eospalax cansus).
Figure 4 in The potential effects of future climate change on suitable habitat for the Taiwan partridge (Arborophila crudigularis): an ensemble-based forecasting method
Figure 4. Mean suitability for Arborophila crudigularis under baseline climate conditions and future climate scenarios. cccma and csiro represent two general circulation models; RCP2.6, and RCP8.5 represent two greenhouse gas emission scenarios; EN is entire suitable habitat; PR is presence records.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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