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FIGURES 7–12. Clinterocera Sulawesi. 7–9 in First records of the cremastocheiline genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 from the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, with description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)

FIGURES 7–12. Clinterocera Sulawesi. 7–9, habitus dorsal; 10–12, pygidium and adjacent parts, dorsocaudal. 7, 10. C. heinrichi, holotype; 8, 11, male, He-He; 9, 12, female, Salokko. Scale lines 5 mm.

FIGURES 13–17. Clinterocera Sulawesi. 13–15 in First records of the cremastocheiline genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 from the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, with description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)

FIGURES 13–17. Clinterocera Sulawesi. 13–15, habitus lateral; 16, protibia lateral; 17, section from suture over left elytron. 13, 16–17. C. heinrichi, holotype; 14, male, He-He; 15, female, Salokko. Scale lines 2 mm.

FIGURES 1–6. Clinterocera Sulawesi. 1–3 in First records of the cremastocheiline genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 from the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, with description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)

FIGURES 1–6. Clinterocera Sulawesi. 1–3, habitus oblique; 4–6, forebody dorsofrontal. 1, 4. C. heinrichi, holotype; 2, 5, male, He-He; 3, 6, female, Salokko. Scale lines 5 mm.

FIGURES 18–24. Clinterocera Sulawesi. 18–20 in First records of the cremastocheiline genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 from the Indonesian island of Sulawesi, with description of a new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae)

FIGURES 18–24. Clinterocera Sulawesi. 18–20, habitus ventral; 21–24, parameres full-face and lateral. 18, 21–22, C. heinrichi, holotype; 23–24, male, He-He. Scale lines 2 mm.

FIGURES 89–100 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: definition of species group and revision of the C. discipennis species group

FIGURES 89–100. Habitats, host, and behavior of Clinterocera trimaculata. 89, adult searching host; 90, adult creeping into hollow stem; 91, adult walking on the surface of ant nest; 92, remains found in ant nest; 93, adult mating; 94–95, the host ant Liometopum sinense Wheeler, 1921; 96–97, the trees of which part of stem have been nested by ants; 98, habitat (Guiyang, Guizhou); 99–100, adult caught by cross-vane panel trap.

FIGURES 78–88. Mouthparts and male genitalia. 78 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: definition of species group and revision of the C. discipennis species group

FIGURES 78–88. Mouthparts and male genitalia. 78, Clinterocera discipennis epipharynx; 79, Clinterocera discipennis mandibles; 80, Clinterocera discipennis maxillae; 81–83, Clinterocera discipennis male genitalia; 84, Clinterocera trimaculata epipharynx; 85, Clinterocera trimaculata mandibles; 86, Clinterocera trimaculata maxillae; 87–88, Clinterocera trimaculata male genitalia.

FIGURES 64–77 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: definition of species group and revision of the C. discipennis species group

FIGURES 64–77. Punctures on body surface. 64, Clinterocera discipennis pronotum; 65, Clinterocera discipennis pygidium; 66–67, Clinterocera discipennis elytron; 68, Clinterocera discipennis metafemur; 69, Clinterocera discipennis metasternum; 70, Clinterocera discipennis abdomen; 71, Clinterocera trimaculata pronotum; 72, Clinterocera trimaculata pygidium; 73–74, Clinterocera trimaculata elytron; 75, Clinterocera trimaculata metafemur; 76, Clinterocera trimaculata metasternum; 77, Clinterocera trimaculata abdomen.

FIGURES 43–51. Clinterocera trimaculata. 43 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: definition of species group and revision of the C. discipennis species group

FIGURES 43–51. Clinterocera trimaculata. 43, dorsal, male; 44, ventral, male; 45, lateral, male; 46, ventral, female; 47, lateral, female; 48, male; 49, female; 50, female; 51, illustration of Clinterocera trimaculata Ma, 1993 from the original description (Ma 1993a).

FIGURES 10–20 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: definition of species group and revision of the C. discipennis species group

FIGURES 10–20. Holotypes of Clinterocera species. 10–12, Clinterocera cruciata, holotype, female; 13–15, Clinterocera rufithorax, holotype, male; 16–18, Clinterocera rufiventris, holotype, female; 19–20, Clinterocera vitalisi, holotype, male.

FIGURES 1–9 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: definition of species group and revision of the C. discipennis species group

FIGURES 1–9. Characters of Clinterocera. 1, Antennal scapus, ventral surface; 2, antennal scapus, dorsal surface; 3, permentum; 4, spiracla, propygidium, and pygidium in C. jucunda species group; 5, spiracla, propygidium, and pygidium in C. scabrosa and C. discipennis species groups; 6, male protibia; 7, female protibia; 8, tarsi in C. discipennis species group; 9, tarsi in some of the C. jucunda species group.

FIGURES 21–42. Clinterocera discipennis. 21 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: definition of species group and revision of the C. discipennis species group

FIGURES 21–42. Clinterocera discipennis. 21, dorsal, female (Guangdong); 22, ventral, female (Guangdong); 23, lateral, female (Guangdong); 24, ventral, male (Guangxi); 24, ventral, male (Guangxi); 25, lateral, male (Guangxi); 26, male (Chongqing); 27, female (Fujian); 28, female (Guangxi); 29, female (Chongqing); 30, male (Guangdong); 31, female (Guangxi); 32, male (Guangxi); 33, male (Chongqing); 34, female (Chongqing); 35, female (northeast Laos); 36, male (Guangxi); 37, male (Guangdong). 38–41, newly emerged male (Hunan) and label; 42, Illustration of Clinterocera rubra Ma, 1992 from the original description (Ma 1992).

FIGURE 106 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: definition of species group and revision of the C. discipennis species group

FIGURE 106. Nymphs of Uropodina found on preprosternum of a Clinterocera trimaculata specimen from Mount Leigongshan, southeast Guizhou.

FIGURES 52–63 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: definition of species group and revision of the C. discipennis species group

FIGURES 52–63. Characters of Clinterocera species. 52, Clinterocera discipennis venteral view of head; 53, Clinterocera discipennis antenna; 54, Clinterocera discipennis permentum; 55, Clinterocera discipennis punctures on permentum; 56, Clinterocera discipennis male protibia; 57, Clinterocera discipennis female protibia; 58, Clinterocera trimaculata venteral view of head; 59, Clinterocera trimaculata antenna; 60, Clinterocera trimaculata permentum; 61, Clinterocera trimaculata punctures on permentum; 62, Clinterocera trimaculata male protibia; 63, Clinterocera trimaculata female protibia.

FIGURES 231–235 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group

FIGURES 231–235. Habitat and different stages of Clinterocera sinensis new species. 231, Secondary forest in Mount Simingshan, Zhejiang, China (photograph by Ling-Xiao Chang); 232–233, an adult excavated from an ant nest at the edge of Karst forest in Maolan Nature Reserve, Guizhou, China; 234–235, larva and fresh adult in pupal cell in artificial conditions.

FIGURES 227–230 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group

FIGURES 227–230. Habitat and different stages of Clinterocera sinensis new species. 227–228, a rotten trunk colonized by Pristomyrmex pungens ants in Guiyang, Guizhou, China; 229–230, adult and larva in ant nest.

FIGURES 187–193 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group

FIGURES 187–193. Habitat and different stages of Clinterocera brevifasciata new species. 187, Forest habitat near the mountain top of Mount Daweishan, Yunnan, China; 188–189, a closer view of habitat and an adult in a Pheidole ant nest in a decaying log; 190–193, eggs, larva, pupa, and adult in artificial conditions.

FIGURES 181–186 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group

FIGURES 181–186. Habitat of Clinterocera brevifasciata new species. 181, Overall view of Mount Daweishan, Yunnan, China; 182–184, a closer view of the habitat at the foot of the mountain and adults in different ants nests in the same decaying log (Mount Daweishan, photograph by Lu Qiu); 185, Pheidole ant; 186, Cerapachys fossulatus ant.

FIGURE 180 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group

FIGURE 180. Known distribution of the Clinterocera jucunda species group (inset map shows the distribution of C. heinrichi). Some records and collecting sites are not shown because there is no precise geographical information.

FIGURES 136–147 in Taxonomy and natural history of the myrmecophilous genus Clinterocera Motschulsky, 1858 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) from China and adjacent regions: revision of the C. jucunda species group

FIGURES 136–147. Male habitus of Clinterocera (typical form), oblique view. 136, Clinterocera brevifasciata new species (holotype); 137, C. davidis (Fujian, China); 138, C. donckieri (Guizhou, China); 139, C. jucunda (Chiang Rai, Thailand); 140, C. krikkeni new species (holotype); 141, C. nigra (Taiwan); 142, C. velutina new species (holotype); 143, C. vietnamensis new species (holotype); 144, C. yunnana (Yunnan, China); 145, C. ishikawai (Ryukyu, Japan, paratype); 146, C. raui (Hua Phan, Laos); 147, C. sinensis new species (holotype).