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FIGURE 58 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURE 58. Location of Lagoa do Peixe National Park, Brazil (♦), Sawa Lake, Iraq (▲), Napuka Atoll, Tuamatu Archipelago (●) and Florida Bay, USA (■).

FIGURES 27–32. Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. 27, 28, 30 TEM. 29, 31, 32 SEM. 27. Raphe valve whit valvocopula attached. 28 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 27–32. Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. 27, 28, 30 TEM. 29, 31, 32 SEM. 27. Raphe valve whit valvocopula attached. 28. Detail of fimbriae coinciding with each interstria. 29. Raphe valve with valvocopula attached. Note the valvocopula open. 30. Detail of long fimbriae of unequal length and shape. 31, 32. Internal view of the sternum valve with valvocopula of raphe valve attached. Scale bars = 0.5 μm (Fig. 28), 1 μm (Figs 29–32), 2 μm (Fig. 27).

FIGURES 39–44 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 39–44. Cocconeis sawensis, type material from Iraq. LM. 39–41. Sternum valves. 42–44 Raphe valves. Scale bars = 10 μm.

FIGURES 54–57 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 54–57. Cocconeis sawensis recorded in Florida Bay SEM (images provided by Dr. Thomas Frankovich). Scale bars = 2 μm (Fig. 54), 5 μm (Figs 55,56), 1 μm (Fig. 57).

FIGURES 13–20. Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. Raphe valves. 13–18. SEM. 19, 20. TEM. 13, 15 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 13–20. Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. Raphe valves. 13–18. SEM. 19, 20. TEM. 13, 15. External view of the valve. 14. Internal view of the valve showing an irregular and raised marginal rim. 16, 17. Detail of the internal valves ends. Note raphe lying in a very narrow raised axial area and distal raphe ending a small helictoglossae. 18. Detail of the central area round and slightly raised with raphe endings deflected in opposite directions. 19. Valve. 20. Detail of hymenes occluding areolae with radial perforations. Scale bars = 200 nm (Fig. 20), 1 μm (Figs 16–18), 2 μm (Figs 13, 14, 15, 19).

FIGURES 7–12. Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. Sternum valves. 7–11. SEM. 12. TEM. 7, 8 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 7–12. Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. Sternum valves. 7–11. SEM. 12. TEM. 7, 8. Epiphytic on Cladophora sp. 8. Note valve convexity, slightly concave along the axial area. 9, 10. External view showing the narrow sternum. 11. Internal view. Detail of the sternum thickened and raised. 12. Valve. Scale bars = 2 μm (Figs 9, 12), 5 μm (Figs 8, 10, 11), 10 μm (Fig. 7).

FIGURES 1–6 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 1–6. Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. LM. 1–3. Sternum valves. 4–6. Raphe valves. Scale bars = 10 μm.

FIGURES 21–26. Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. 21–23, 25 SEM. 24, 26. TEM. 21 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 21–26. Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. 21–23, 25 SEM. 24, 26. TEM. 21. Internal view of the raphe valve showing valvocopula of sternum valve attached. 22, 23, 26. Detail of the short fimbriae, triangle-like. 24. Open valvocopula of sternum valve. 25. Open frustule apices showing sternum valve valvocopula. Scale bars = 1 μm (Figs 22, 23, 25, 26), 2 μm (Fig. 24), 5 μm (Fig. 21).

FIGURES 33–38 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 33–38. Hymenes of sternum valves of Cocconeis sawensis from Brazil. TEM. 33, 34. Hymenes with very small and rounded perforations becoming linear slits at the margin. 35–37. Hymenes with fine transverse slits with some small-rounded in the middle. 38. Hymenes degraded. Scale bars = 200 nm (Fig. 33), 0.2 μm (Figs 34–38).

FIGURES 45–53. Cocconeis sawensis, type material from Iraq. 45–50 SEM. 51–53 TEM. 45, 46 in Additional morphological features of the epiphytic diatom Cocconeis sawensis Al-Handal & Riaux-Gobin (Cocconeidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from a coastal lagoon, Southern Brazil

FIGURES 45–53. Cocconeis sawensis, type material from Iraq. 45–50 SEM. 51–53 TEM. 45, 46. External view of the valve raphe. 47–49. Internal view of the sternum valve. 50. External view of the sternum valve. 51. General view of the sternum valve. 52. Areolae with broken hymens. 53. Detail of the fimbriae of sternum valve valvocopula. Scale bars = 2 μm (Figs 45–47, 50, 51), 5 μm (Figs 48, 49), 0.5 μm (Fig. 52), 1 μm (Fig. 53).

FIGURE 143 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURE 143. Relationship tree of the genus Anorthoneis generated using maximum parsimony method (Cladistic analysis). The black circles indicate probable homology changes, and the white circles represent probable homoplasy or ancestrally-derived homology changes. Circle number, top = character number (Table 3); circle number, bottom = character state (Table 3).

FIGURES 112–115 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 112–115. Historical report of Anorthoneis vortex by different authors, LM images. (112–114) A. vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987), slide BM 81500, Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands; (115) A. vortex specimens from Witkowski et al. (2000). Scale bars: Figs 112–114 = 5 μm.

FIGURES 116–121 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 116–121. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands. (116) External view of sternum valve with slightly visible eccentric sternum and imperforated areolae in the asymmetrical hyaline-like area (arrow); (117) Tilted external view (60°) of sternum valve showing the wide convex mantle; (118) Detail of the sternum valve areolae; (119) Internal view of the sternum valve mantle showing smaller poroids present at the end of each stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (120) Internal view of sternum valve; (121) Tilted internal view (60°) of sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and eccentric central area. Scale bars: Figs 117, 120 = 5 μm; Figs 116, 121 = 2 μm; Figs 118, 119 = 1 μm.

FIGURES 122–129 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 122–129. Anorthoneis vortex specimens from Sterrenburg (1987) cleaned material from Bergen aan Zee, The Netherlands, SEM images. (122) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe; (123) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve showing the concave mantle; (124) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve; (125) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve; (126) External coaxial, expanded, pore-like central raphe endings; (127) External expanded, pore-like distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area. Smaller, non-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria close to the valve margin (arrow); (128) Internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings deflected in opposite directions converging on the central nodule; (129) Internal distal raphe ending terminating in a reduced helictoglossa close to the hyaline terminal area. Smaller, not-hymenate poroid is present at the end of each biseriate stria (Arrow). Scale bars: Figs 122, 124, 125 = 5 μm; Fig. 123 = 2 μm; Figs 126–129 = 1 μm.

FIGURES 97–102 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 97–102. Historical reports of Anorthoneis tenuis by different authors. (97) Drawings of sternum and raphe-sternum valves of A. tenuis from Hustedt (1955) (holotype); (98, 99) Micrographs of A. tenuis specimen H65366 from slide ZT2/01, material AM794 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (100–102) Micrographs of other specimens of A. tenuis from slide ZT2/01, material AM794 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), LM images. Scale bars: Figs 101–106 = 2 μm.

FIGURES 88–92 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 88–92. Anorthoneis species. (88 91) Anorthoneis maculata specimens from Tempère & Peragallo (1910), slide 402 "Honolulu, Isles Sandwich. Diatomées du Monde entier (holotype); (92) Anorthoneis minima specimens from Foged (1975). Raphe-sternum and sternum valve, LM micrographs (holotype). Scale bars: 92 = 10 μm; 88–91 = 5 μm.

FIGURES 130–135 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 130–135. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano & C. Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (130) External view of sternum valve; (131) Detail of sternum valve showing the presence of vestigial perforations in hyaline-like central area; (132). Detail of the sternum valve mantle showing biseriate striae close to the valve margin; (133) Internal view of sternum valve; (134) Detail of the sternum valve (internally) showing the eccentric central area with vestigial perforations; (135) Detail of circular areolae internally occluded by rota-like vela. Figs 130, 133 = 5 μm; Fig. 134 = 2 μm; Figs 131, 132, 135 = 1 μm.

FIGURES 136–142 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 136–142. Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano & Pennesi, sp. nov., SEM images. (136) External raphe-sternum valve with asymmetric raphe branches; (137) Detail of coaxial central raphe endings (externally); (138) Detail of external distal raphe ending terminating in a roundish submarginal hyaline area (externally); (139) Internal view of raphe-sternum valve showing the thickening of sternum and small central nodule; (140) Detail of the internal, uncinated proximal raphe endings converging to the central nodule; (141) Detail of distal raphe ending terminating in a vestigial helictoglossa (internally). (142) Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii De Stefano & Pennesi, sp. nov. from slide MDS 9 (Holotype), LM images. Scale bars: Fig. 140 = 10 μm; Figs 139, 142 = 5 μm; Fig. 137 = 2 μm; Figs 136, 138, 141 = 1 μm.

FIGURES 68–75 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 68–75. Historical reports of Anorthoneis hyalina by different authors. (68) Raphe-sternum and sternum valve drawings of A. hyalina from Hustedt (1955) (holotype); (69) Sternum valve micrographs of A. hyalina from Witkowski et al. (2000); (70) Micrograph of A. hyalina specimen H65236 from slide ZT1/91 (isolectotype), material AM792 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (71) Micrograph of A. hyalina specimen H65075 from slide ZT1/84 (isolectotype) material AM791 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (72) Micrograph of A. hyalina specimen H64958 from slide ZT1/79 (lectotype), material AM791 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (73) Micrograph of A. hyalina specimen H65365a from slide ZT2/01(Paralectotypes), cleaned material AM794 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (74) Micrograph of A. hyalina specimen H65159 from slide ZT1/87 (isolectotype), cleaned material AM791 from Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany); (75) A. hyalina specimen from cleaned material AM791, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany). Magnification: Fig. 69: x1500. Scale bars: Figs 70–75 = 10 μm.

FIGURES 63-67 in Taxonomic revision and morphological cladistics analysis of the diatom genus Anorthoneis (Cocconeidaceae), with description of Anorthoneis arthus-bertrandii sp. nov.

FIGURES 63-67. Anorthoneis hummii specimens from Hustedt's cleaned materials AM791, AM792, Beaufort, North Carolina, USA (Hustedt Diatom Collection, Bremerhaven, Germany), SEM images. 63. External view of raphe-sternum valve. (64) Detail of coaxial raphe central endings in external view lying in drop-shaped areas; (65) External view of distal raphe ending terminating in hyaline submarginal area; (66) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum mantle showing the opened valvocopula with smooth inner margin; (67) Tilted external view (60°) of raphe-sternum valve. Scale bars: Fig. 57 = 10 μm, Figs 62, 63, 67 = 5 μm; Figs 58, 60, 65 = 2 μm; Figs 59, 61, 64, 66 = 1 μm.