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193 results for “Cod”
Ecology and Biogeography of a Northern Caddisfly in Cape Cod MA 1996-2002
We have documented a large population of a rarely collected northern caddisfly, Phanocelia canadensis (Banks) (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae), on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. This species' range is generally considered to be centered in northern Canada, although there are individual records of adults from eastern Maine and New Hampshire, and a single adult was collected from Sherborn, Massachusetts, in the 1920s. The scarcity of this species in collections may reflect true rarity, with populations sparsely but widely distributed across the northern part of the continent. Alternately, it may reflect a sampling bias, in that the larvae of this species were unknown until the late 1980s, adults are diurnal and fly late in the fall, and larvae occur in wetlands and are closely associated with Sphagnum, from which they make their cases. We have carried out an in-depth habitat comparison of sites in which we found or did not find larvae on Cape Cod in seven years of intensive sampling. Habitat characteristics distinguishing wetlands with and without Phanocelia include dominance by Sphagnum sp., shrub cover, and low pH. We are currently searching in similar habitats across the state for additional populations.
Physiological Ecology of Euryhaline Chironomid Midges in Cape Cod MA 2002-2003
In summer, 2002, hundreds of thousands of salt-tolerant midges (Chironomus decorus group, Diptera, Chironomidae) emerged from Pilgrim Lake/East Harbor, Truro, MA. The lake is a former estuary but has been separated from the sea for over 150 years by restrictions associated with railroad and highway construction. Brackish conditions caused by leaky tide gates designed to drain excess freshwater from the lake, coupled with high nutrient levels exacerbated by a massive fish kill the previous year, created conditions that supported densities of midge larvae of more than 5,000/m2 and produced a severe public nuisance in the vicinity of the lake when the adult midges emerged. The emergence coincided with National Park Service efforts to increase tidal flow into the lake, as part of a long-term commitment to restoration of restricted coastal waters within the Cape Cod National Seashore. We are studying the effects of increased tidal flow on midge populations, and in particular evaluating how high salinities need to be to reduce the potential for further nuisance outbreaks of the midges.
Supplementary data to Dating the timbers from the 'Sparrow-Hawk', a shipwreck from Cape Cod, USA. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 103374
<p>This record gives access to all supplementary data that forms the background to the paper: Daly, A., Hocker, F. & Mires, C., 2022. Dating the timbers from the ‘Sparrow-Hawk’, a shipwreck from Cape Cod, USA. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103374</p> <p>In 1626, a vessel making its way to Virginia was forced off course and damaged in a storm, which drove the ship onto the eastern shore of the Cape Cod peninsula, Massachusetts. Onboard were two English merchants and some servants and farmers, many of whom were Irish. In 1863, a storm exposed the weathered remains of a vessel at Old Ship Harbor. At the time, it was hailed as the same ship that had brought the Virginia-bound passengers to Plymouth in 1626. Recent wiggle-match C14 dating and dendrochronology suggests that this is indeed a ship from the early seventeenth century.</p>
Model projections of North Sea cod under deep uncertainty
<p>This is model output generated with code publicly available on Github (https://github.com/imf-uham/DMDU_North_Sea).</p>
Allee effects and the allee-effect zone in northwest atlantic cod
<p>According to the theory of compensatory dynamics, depleted populations should recover when the threat responsible for their decline is removed because per capita population growth is assumed to be highest when populations are at their smallest viable sizes. Yet, many seriously depleted fish populations have failed to recover despite threat mitigation. Atlantic cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>) off Newfoundland despite thirty years of dramatically reduced fishing mortality and numerous fishery closures has not recovered suggesting that drivers other than fishing regulate the growth of collapsed fish populations, inhibiting or preventing their recovery. Here, using Bayesian inference, we show strong evidence of Allee effects in a south Newfoundland cod population, based on data on recruitment and spawning stock biomass. We infer the Allee-effect threshold, below which recovery is impaired. We demonstrate the necessity of data at low population sizes to make inferences about the nature of low-abundance dynamics. Our work indicates that Allee effects are not negligible in commercially exploited fish populations, as commonly projected, and that they represent an inhibitory force that can effectively prevent recovery from overfishing. Our findings contrast with prevailing fisheries management practices that assume compensatory dynamics at low abundances with potential to seriously overestimate the recovery potential of collapsed populations.</p>
Otolith annual growth increments for cod populations in the Northeast Atlantic
<p>Large-scale, climate-induced synchrony in the productivity of fish populations is becoming more pronounced in the world's oceans. As synchrony increases, a population's 'portfolio' of responses can be diminished, in turn reducing its resilience to strong perturbation. Here we argue that the costs and benefits of trait synchronization, such as the expression of growth rate are context dependent. Synchrony among individuals could actually be beneficial for populations if growth is optimized during favourable conditions and then declines under poor conditions when a broader portfolio of responses is needed. Importantly, growth synchrony among individuals within populations has seldom been measured, despite well-documented evidence of synchrony across populations. Here, we used century-scale time series of annual otolith growth to test for changes in growth synchronization among individuals within multiple populations of a marine keystone species (Atlantic cod, <em>Gadus morhua</em>). On the basis of 74,662 annual growth increments recorded in 13,749 otoliths, we detected a rising conformity in long-term growth rates within northeast Atlantic cod populations in response to both favorable growth conditions and a large-scale, multidecadal mode of climate variability similar to the East Atlantic Pattern. The within-population synchrony was distinct from the across-population synchrony commonly reported for large-scale environmental drivers. Climate-linked, among-individual growth synchrony was also identified in other Northeast Atlantic pelagic, deep-sea and bivalve species. We hypothesize that growth synchrony buffers marine populations to changing climate and growth conditions through its effect on the phenotypic expression of growth diversity, and thus provides an unexpected, but pervasive and stabilizing impact on marine population productivity.</p>
Toponomasia : edition of cod. 174 of Bern Burgerbibliothek.
<p>The Toponomasia project aims to create a digital edition of cod.174 (http://katalog.burgerbib.ch/detail.aspx?ID=340662) held in the Burgherbibliothek in Bern. <br> After digitising the manuscript, it was automatically transcribed using the HTR tools developed by the FoNDUE project (https://www.unige.ch/lettres/humanites-numeriques/recherche/projets-de-la-chaire/fondue). From this data, a digital edition was created on TEI-publisher, allowing the data to be valorised. This repository contains all the data created in the framework of this project.</p>
The Provincelands of Cape Cod National Seashore, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, USA. The reddish vegetation in the center of the photo is a cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) bog, a wetland used for breeding by the Fowler's toad. The surrounding landscape is ideal for the Fowler's toad and supports one of the largest populations of this species in the United States. The landscape contains a patchwork of sand, pitch pine (Pinus rigida), scrub oak (Quercus ilicifolia), and dune grass (Ammophila breviligulata). Photo by Rebecca Flaherty. in Fowler's Toad (Anaxyrus fowleri) occupancy in the southern mid-Atlantic, USA
The Provincelands of Cape Cod National Seashore, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, USA. The reddish vegetation in the center of the photo is a cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) bog, a wetland used for breeding by the Fowler's toad. The surrounding landscape is ideal for the Fowler's toad and supports one of the largest populations of this species in the United States. The landscape contains a patchwork of sand, pitch pine (Pinus rigida), scrub oak (Quercus ilicifolia), and dune grass (Ammophila breviligulata). Photo by Rebecca Flaherty.
Fig. 4 in Morphological and molecular identification of Cryptocotyle lingua metacercariae isolated from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from Danish seas and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) from the English Channel
Fig. 4 Phylogenetic trees based on cox1 mtDNA (left tree) and ITS rDNA (right tree) sequences using the ML method with 1000 bootstraps
Fig. 3 in Morphological and molecular identification of Cryptocotyle lingua metacercariae isolated from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from Danish seas and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) from the English Channel
Fig. 3 Excysted Cryptocotyle lingua metacercariae at different degrees of contraction a in whiting from the English Channel, b in cod from Danish waters
Fig. 2 in Morphological and molecular identification of Cryptocotyle lingua metacercariae isolated from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from Danish seas and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) from the English Channel
Fig. 2 Morphology of excysted Cryptocotyle lingua metacercariae (ventral view) from Gadus morhua and Merlangius merlangius. Abbreviations: bi.i, bifurcation of intestine; e, oesophagus; ex.c, excretory canal; ex.p, excretory pore; ic, intestinal caecum; pp, prepharynx; ph, pharynx; ov, ovary; os, oral sucker; s.r, seminal receptacle; t, testis; vg.c, ventrogenital complex; vi, vitellaria; ① distance from oral sucker to end of pharynx; ② distance from oral sucker to intestinal branches; ③ width 1; ④ width 2; ⑤ oral sucker diameter; ⑥ ventrogenital complex diameter; ⑦ total length
Fig. 1 in Morphological and molecular identification of Cryptocotyle lingua metacercariae isolated from Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from Danish seas and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) from the English Channel
Fig. 1 Infected Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) (a) and microscope observation of encysted metacercariae in caudal fin (b)
Figure 6 in The fisheries of the sea around Saint-Pierre and Miquelon: from cod to sea cucumber
Figure 6. – Contrasting the growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) with that of orange-footed sea cucumber (Cucumaria frondosa) as representative of two, radically different fisheries in St Pierre and Miquelon. The growth parameters of G. morhua (L∞ = 98 cm total length, K = 0.15 year–1 and t = –0.5 year) are from May et al. 0 (1966), with W = 0.0075·L3 (g; cm) from Mello and Rose (2005) used for the conversion to growth in weight. Those for C. frondosa (L = 20 cm mouth-to-vent, K = 0.18 year–1 and t = –0.7 year) ∞ 0 were computed by the authors based on data in figure 7 of Hamel and Mercier (1996), with W = 16·L1.34 (g; cm, caliper length) from Harper et al. (2020) used for growth in weight.
Fig. 3 in The effects of Contracaecum osculatum larvae on the growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
Fig. 3. End condition as Fulton's K by cod age; with abundance (i.e. number of C. osculatum) in a) and C. osculatum density (number of C. osculatum per gram liver) in b). Darker and larger circles means higher abundance or density.
Fig. 2 in The effects of Contracaecum osculatum larvae on the growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
Fig. 2. Plotted change (end-start) in cod length, weight, and condition as Fulton's K against C. osculatum abundance (the number of C. osculatum in a liver) to the left and C. osculatum density (the number of C. osculatum per liver weight (gram)) to the right, separated by season. Data represents the cod that survived the trials.
Fig. 5 in The effects of Contracaecum osculatum larvae on the growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
Fig. 5. Prediction of growth in weight per day depending on the number of parasites per liver weight (gram) with confidence intervals for a model cod with a GSI of 5 and a starting weight of 0.5 kg at different levels of start condition (medium condition is represented by Fulton's K 0.8, below 0.8 is considered low condition and>1 is considered high (Marteinsdottir and Begg 2002)). Below zero on the y-axis represents no growth. Dots represents observations.
Fig. 1 in The effects of Contracaecum osculatum larvae on the growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
Fig. 1. Map of the study area. The circle marks the position for the sea pen trial and the larger dashed area is where the fish were caught for the trial. The numbers in the map refers to ICES subdivisions (SD).
Fig. 4 in The effects of Contracaecum osculatum larvae on the growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua)
Fig. 4. Prediction of growth in length per day depending on C. osculatum density (the number of C. osculatum per liver weight (gram)) with confidence intervals. Below zero on the y-axis represents no growth. Dots represents observations.
Vorau Abbey library Cod. 253 dataset for Document Layout Analysis
<p>VORAU-253 is a music manuscript referred to as Cod. 253 of the Vorau Abbey library, which was provided by the Austrian Academy of Sciences. It is written in German Gothic notation and dated around year 1450.</p> <p>This manuscript is interesting because of the complexity of its layout, where staff, text and decorations are intertwined to<br> compose the structure of the document.</p> <p>This database is a subset of 228 pages of the archive, using 128 randomly selected pages for training/validation and 100 for test.</p> <p>The database was manually annotated into the following three layout regions:</p> <p>* staff: represents the regions that contains a set of horizontal lines and spaces where each one represent a different musical pitch. This region type does not contain text lines. Hence, no baselines.</p> <p>* lyrics: are the words that are sung appear below their corresponding staff, and other text in the document. In all cases, text to be sung and the other text are assigned to different layout regions under the lyrics label.</p> <p>* drop-capital: is a decorated letter that might appear at the beginning of a word or text line. As it is a single big letter, it contain no text lines nor baselines.</p> <p>On average each page contains 12.5 [7,23] text lines distributed over an average of 10.5[7,15] ``lyrics'' regions. Moreover, each page contains 22.3[14,28] layout regions on average.</p>
Klosterneuburg, Stiftsbibl., Cod. 48 - Ground Truth: Initial Release
<p>This is ground truth for the vast collection of sermons of Nikolaus von Dinkelsbühl (ca. 1360 to 17th March 1433), translated and reorganised by a German redactor, from the 15th century has never been edited until now. It consists of 361 folios of parchment and paper. The text speaks about various topics such as fasting and other religious practices. Being one of the leading intellectuals of his time, Nikolaus von Dinkelsbühl also contributed to the development of the University of Vienna. The manuscript was probably produced in the vicinity of Klosterneuburg in Austria and is still kept there today (Shelfmark: Cod. 48).</p> <p>Data collection and ground truth creation:</p> <p>The edition at hand was produced by an international team of researchers from various fields in the context of the Vienna HTR Winter School 2022 with the help of Transkribus Expert Client.</p> <p>We uploaded the images of the manuscript into the Transkribus platform, applied the line recognition tool and manually copied the transcribed text lines into the recognised line boxes. Various models were trained with the ground truth (20% of the entire codex) created by the team.</p> <p>Images of the Klosterneuburg, Augustiner-Chorherrenstift, Cod. 48 are available at: <a href="https://manuscripta.at/diglit/AT5000-48/0001">https://manuscripta.at/diglit/AT5000-48/0001</a></p>
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