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34 results for “Cognitive Complexity”
An Empirical Evaluation of the "Cognitive Complexity" Measure as a Predictor of Code Understandability
<p>The paper provides an evaluation of the “Cognitive Complexity” measure as an indicator of code understandability.<br> The evaluation is performed via an empirical study.<br> ""Cognitive Complexity" is compared with traditional code measure, like LoC and McCabe's complexity.</p> <p>The data used in the empirical study are provided.</p>
Data from: Social complexity affects cognitive abilities but not brain structure in a Poecilid fish
<p>Some cognitive abilities are suggested to be the result of a complex social life, allowing individuals to achieve higher fitness through advanced strategies. However, most evidence is correlative. Here, we provide an experimental investigation of how group size and composition affect brain and cognitive development in the guppy (<em>Poecilia reticulata</em>). For six months, we reared sexually mature females in one of three social treatments: a small conspecific group of three guppies, a large heterospecific group of three guppies and three splash tetras (<em>Copella arnoldi</em>) – a species that co-occurs with the guppy in the wild, and a large conspecific group of six guppies. We then tested the guppies' performance in self-control (inhibitory control), operant conditioning (associative learning), and cognitive flexibility (reversal learning) tasks. Using X-ray imaging, we measured their brain size and major brain regions. Larger groups of six individuals, both conspecific and heterospecific groups, showed better cognitive flexibility than smaller groups, but no difference in self-control and operant conditioning tests. Interestingly, while social manipulation had no significant effect on brain morphology, relatively larger telencephalons were associated with better cognitive flexibility. This suggests alternative mechanisms beyond brain region size enabled greater cognitive flexibility in individuals from larger groups. Although there is no clear evidence for the impact on brain morphology, our research shows that living in larger social groups can enhance cognitive flexibility. This indicates that the social environment plays a role in the cognitive development of guppies.</p>
Data from: Social complexity affects cognitive abilities but not brain structure in a Poecilid fish
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An Empirical Validation of Cognitive Complexity as a Measure of Source Code Understandability - Data, Code and Documentation
<p>Release version of the data, code and documentation used in and generated by our data analysis and literature search to ensure reproducibility, repeatability, and transparency, to be published alongside our paper "An Empirical Validation of Cognitive Complexity as a Measure of Source Code Understandability".</p>
Data from: Complex selection on a regulator of social cognition: evidence of balancing selection, regulatory interactions and population differentiation in the prairie vole Avpr1a locus
Adaptive variation in social behavior depends upon standing genetic variation, but we know little about how evolutionary forces shape genetic diversity relevant to brain and behavior. In prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), variants at the Avpr1a locus predict expression of the vasopressin 1a receptor in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), a brain region that mediates spatial and contextual memory; cortical V1aR abundance in turn predicts diversity in space-use and sexual fidelity in the field. To examine the potential contributions of adaptive and neutral forces to variation at the Avpr1a locus, we explore sequence diversity at the Avpr1a locus and throughout the genome in two populations of wild prairie voles. First, we refine results demonstrating balancing selection at the locus by comparing the frequency spectrum of variants at the locus to a random sample of the genome. Next, we find that the four SNPs that predict high V1aR expression in the RSC are in stronger linkage disequilibrium than expected by chance despite high recombination among intervening variants, suggesting that epistatic selection maintains their association despite recombination. Analysis of population structure and a haplotype network for two populations revealed that this excessive LD was unlikely to be due to admixture alone. Furthermore, the two populations differed considerably in the region shown to be a regulator of V1aR expression despite the extremely low levels of genome-wide genetic differentiation. Together, our data suggest that complex selection on Avpr1a locus favors specific combinations of regulatory polymorphisms, maintains the resulting alleles at populations-specific frequencies, and may contribute to unique patterns of spatial cognition and sexual fidelity among populations.
Cortese et al. 2024. The effect of metabolism on cognitive performance varies with task complexity in common minnows Phoxinus phoxinus
<p>These datasets have been used to produce the figures and results of the manuscript entitled "The effect of metabolism on cognitive performance varies with task complexity in common minnows <em>Phoxinus phoxinus</em>" by Cortese D, Munson A, Storm Z, Jones NAR and Killen SS (2024).</p>
Habitat structural complexity predicts cognitive performance and behavior in western mosquitofish
<p>Urbanization and stream order alter freshwater habitat complexity (defined as the degree of variation in physical habitat structure). More complex habitats have more variation in habitat structure. Habitat complexity affects species composition and shapes animal ecology, behavior, and cognition. We used a delayed detour test to measure whether motor self-regulation and behavior of Western mosquitofish, <em>Gambusia affinis, </em>varied with habitat structural complexity that was quantified for nine populations. We predicted that motor self-regulation, motivation, and risk-taking behavior would increase with increasing habitat complexity, yet we found the opposite relationship. Lower complexity habitats offer less refuge which could increase predation pressure and select for greater risk-taking by fish with greater motor self-regulation. Our findings provide insight into how habitat complexity is related to cognitive processes and behavioral outcomes, and provide an explanation for why some species have a higher tolerance for urbanized environments.</p>
Impact of Hyperarousal on Simple and Complex Cognitive Task Performance Among Insomnia Sufferers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02290405. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Habitat structural complexity predicts cognitive performance and behavior in western mosquitofish
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Data from: Complex selection on a regulator of social cognition: evidence of balancing selection, regulatory interactions and population differentiation in the prairie vole Avpr1a locus
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Data from: Brief in-hospital cognitive screening detects dementia and anticipates complex admissions
<p><strong>Objective</strong>: With the goal of improving community health by screening for dementia, we tested the utility of integrating the Six-Item Screener (SIS) into our emergency room neurology consultations.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: In this cross-sectional observational study, we measured SIS performance within 24 hours of hospital arrival in one hundred consecutive English-speaking patients aged ≥ 45 years. Performance was compared to patient age, previously-charted cognitive impairment, and proxies for in-hospital complexity: whether or not a patient was admitted to the hospital and the number of medical studies ordered.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Those with poor SIS performance were older (<em>p</em> = 0.02), more likely to have previously-charted cognitive impairment (<em>p</em> < 0.01; sensitivity 86%, specificity 77%). Poor performers were more likely to be admitted to the hospital (<em>p</em> = 0.04; odds ratio = 3.6) and were subjected to more tests once admitted (<em>p</em> < 0.01). These findings persisted after accounting for age and history of cognitive impairment.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Poor performance on the SIS was associated with previously charted cognitive impairment, justifying future study of its ability to detect unrecognized dementia cases. Until then, its ability to inexpensively anticipate medically complex hospital admissions motivates broader emergency department use of the SIS.</p>
A Complex Intervention Study on a Palliative Rehabilitation Blended Learning Program to Support Relatives and Health Care Providers of People With ALS and Cognitive Impairments in Coping With Challeng
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04638608. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Control Network Neuromodulation to Enhance Cognitive Training in Complex Traumatic Brain Injury
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05236010. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Immersive Virtual Reality Environment for Complex Cognitive Skills Curricular Training in Liver Surgery
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04959630. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 2. Publications: 1.
Neurophysiologic Correlates of Movement Planning During Complex Jump Landing Tasks and the Role of Cognitive Function
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03336060. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Brief in-hospital cognitive screening anticipates complex admissions and may detect dementia
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Data from: Modeling the internet of things, self-organizing and other complex adaptive communication networks: a cognitive agent-based computing approach
Background: Computer Networks have a tendency to grow at an unprecedented scale. Modern networks involve not only computers but also a wide variety of other interconnected devices ranging from mobile phones to other household items fitted with sensors. This vision of the "Internet of Things" (IoT) implies an inherent difficulty in modeling problems. Purpose: It is practically impossible to implement and test all scenarios for large-scale and complex adaptive communication networks as part of Complex Adaptive Communication Networks and Environments (CACOONS). The goal of this study is to explore the use of Agent-based Modeling as part of the Cognitive Agent-based Computing (CABC) framework to model a Complex communication network problem. Method: We use Exploratory Agent-based Modeling (EABM), as part of the CABC framework, to develop an autonomous multi-agent architecture for managing carbon footprint in a corporate network. To evaluate the application of complexity in practical scenarios, we have also introduced a company-defined computer usage policy. Results: The conducted experiments demonstrated two important results: Primarily CABC-based modeling approach such as using Agent-based Modeling can be an effective approach to modeling complex problems in the domain of IoT. Secondly, the specific problem of managing the Carbon footprint can be solved using a multiagent system approach.
Data from: Bumblebees show cognitive flexibility by improving on an observed complex behavior
We explored bees' behavioral flexibility in a task that required transporting a small ball to a defined location to gain a reward. Bees were pretrained to know the correct location of the ball. Subsequently, to obtain a reward, bees had to move a displaced ball to the defined location. Bees that observed demonstration of the technique from a live or model demonstrator learned the task more efficiently than did bees observing a "ghost" demonstration (ball moved via magnet) or without demonstration. Instead of copying demonstrators moving balls over long distances, observers solved the task more efficiently, using the ball positioned closest to the target, even if it was of a different color than the one previously observed. Such unprecedented cognitive flexibility hints that entirely novel behaviors could emerge relatively swiftly in species whose lifestyle demands advanced learning abilities, should relevant ecological pressures arise.
Data from: Basic reversal-learning capacity in flies suggests rudiments of complex cognition
The most basic models of learning are reinforcement learning models (for instance, classical and operant conditioning) that posit a constant learning rate; however many animals change their learning rates with experience. This process is sometimes studied by reversing an existing association between cues and rewards, and measuring the rate of relearning. Augmented reversal-learning, where learning rates increase with practice, can be an important component of behavioral flexibility; and may provide insight into higher cognition. Previous studies of reversal-learning in Drosophila have not measured learning rates, but have tended to focus on measuring gross deficits in reversal-learning, as the ratio of two timepoints. These studies have uncovered a diversity of mechanisms underlying reversal-learning, but natural genetic variation in this trait has yet to be assessed. We conducted a reversal-learning regime on a diverse panel of Drosophila melanogaster genotypes. We found highly significant genetic variation in their baseline ability to learn. We also found that they have a consistent, and strong (1.3×), increase in their learning speed with reversal. We found no evidence, however, that there was genetic variation in their ability to increase their learning rates with experience. This may suggest that Drosophila have a hitherto unrecognized ability to integrate acquired information, and improve their decision making; but that their mechanisms for doing so are under strong constraints.
The Phanerozoic aftermath of the Cambrian information revolution: sensory and cognitive complexity in marine faunas
<p>The Cambrian information revolution describes how biotically-driven increases in signals, sensory abilities, behavioral interactions, and landscape spatial complexity drove a rapid increase in animal cognition concurrent with the Cambrian radiation. Here, we compare cognitive complexity in Cambrian and post-Cambrian marine ecosystems, documenting changes in animal cognition after the initial Cambrian increase. In a comparison of Cambrian and post-Cambrian <span>Lagerstätten, we find no strong trend in the proportion of genera possessing two types of macroscopic sense organs (eyes and chemoreceptive organs such as antennae, feelers or nostrils). There is also no trend in general nervous system complexity</span>. These results suggest that sophisticated information processing was already common in early Phanerozoic ecosystems, comparable with behavioral evidence from the trace fossil record. Most taxa capable of complex information processing in Cambrian ecosystems were panarthropods, whereas mollusks and chordates made up larger proportions afterward. In both the Cambrian and present day, ecological occupation of diverse habitat tiers and feeding modes are possible with even simple nervous systems, but ecological lifestyles requiring rapid, regular movement are almost exclusively associated with brain-bearing taxa, suggesting a connection with fast information processing abilities and bodily responses. The overall rise in cognitive sophistication in the Cambrian was likely a unique event in the history of life, although some lineages subsequently developed more elaborate sensory systems and/or larger brains.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.