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18 results for “Collective Action”
Quantitative account of social interactions in a mental health care ecosystem: cooperation, trust and collective action
<p>Mental disorders have an enormous impact in our society, both in personal terms and in the economic costs associated with their treatment. In order to scale up services and bring down costs, administrations are starting to promote social interactions as key to care provision. We analyze quantitatively the importance of communities for effective mental health care, considering all community members involved. By means of citizen science practices, we have designed a suite of games that allow to probe into different behavioral traits of the role groups of the ecosystem. The evidence reinforces the idea of community social capital, with caregivers and professionals playing a leading role. Yet, the cost of collective action is mainly supported by individuals with a mental condition - which unveils their vulnerability. The results are in general agreement with previous findings but, since we broaden the perspective of previous studies, we are also able to find marked differences in the social behavior of certain groups of mental disorders. We finally point to the conditions under which cooperation among members of the ecosystem is better sustained, suggesting how virtuous cycles of inclusion and participation can be promoted in a ’care in the community’ framework.</p>
Mapping of Collective Action Opportunities for Water Stewardship
<p>With this global mapping exercise, we attempted to identify catchments with stronger need and potential of Collective Action for Water Stewardship. On the “need” side we considered a selection of water and biodiversity risk layers from the <a href="https://riskfilter.org/">WWF Risk Filter Suite</a>. On the “potential” side we considered economic factors such as value of crop production, density of business facilities (assets), and potential for cross-industry collaboration. The result is a global map (or a shapefile) of collective action opportunities, highlighting 350 catchments, across 100 river basins and 7 regions of the world, where multiple NGOs and the private sector shall work together to accelerate collective action for water stewardship. See the interactive map <a href="https://panda.maps.arcgis.com/apps/mapviewer/index.html?webmap=8d5c4bf6c6ff46c1a5c00e0b62e0b821">here</a>.</p> <p>This repository hosts all outputs as well as the input data of the mapping exercise. For transparency, reproducibility, as well as for future enhancements, the code is publicly available at <a href="https://github.com/rafaexx/collective_action_opportunities">https://github.com/rafaexx/collective_action_opportunities</a></p> <p>Final outputs are basically the shapefiles in <strong>output/summarise_geo/shp/*</strong> as well as the list of basins in <strong>output/summarise_geo/3_prioritization/hybas6_list_basins_collective_action.xlsx</strong></p> <p>For more details see part III of the report <a href="https://wwfint.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/unpacking-collective-action-in-water-stewardship.pdf">Unpacking Collective Action in Water Stewardship: Shared Solutions for Shared Water Challenges</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
The Dynamics of Collective Action Corpus
<p>This respository includes two datasets, a Document-Term Matrix and associated metadata, for 17,493 <em>New York Times</em> articles covering protest events, both saved as single R objects.</p> <p>These datasets are based on the original <a href="https://web.stanford.edu/group/collectiveaction/cgi-bin/drupal/">Dynamics of Collective Action (DoCA) dataset</a> (Wang and Soule 2012; Earl, Soule, and McCarthy). The original DoCA datset contains variables for protest events referenced in roughly 19,676 <em>New York Times</em> articles reporting on collective action events occurring in the US between 1960 and 1995. Data were collected as part of the Dynamics of Collective Action Project at Stanford University. Research assistants read every page of all daily issues of the <em>New York Times</em> to find descriptions of 23,624 distinct protest events. The text for the news articles were not included in the original DoCA data.</p> <p>We attempted to recollect the raw text in a semi-supervised fashion by matching article titles to create the <strong>Dynamics of Collective Action Corpus</strong>. In addition to hand-checking random samples and hand-collecting some articles (specifically, in the case of false positives), we also used some automated matching processes to ensure the recollected article titles matched their respective titles in the DoCA dataset. The final number of recollected and matched articles is 17,493.</p> <p>We then subset the original DoCA dataset to include only rows that match a recollected article. The "20231006_dca_metadata_subset.Rdata" contains all of the metadata variables from the original DoCA dataset (see <a href="https://web.stanford.edu/group/collectiveaction/cgi-bin/drupal/node/17">Codebook</a>), with the addition of "pdf_file" (used to link to original article pdfs) and "pub_title" (which is the title of the recollected article and may differ from the "title" variable in the original dataset), for a total of 106 variables and 21,126 rows (noting that a row is a distinct protest events and one article may cover more than one protest event).</p> <p>Once collected, we prepared these texts using typical preprocessing procedures (and some less typical procedures, which were necessary given that these were OCRed texts). We followed these steps in this order: We removed headers and footers that were consistent across all digitized stories and any web links or HTML; added a single space before an uppercase letter when it was flush against a lowercase letter to its right (e.g., turning "JohnKennedy'' into "John Kennedy''); removed excess whitespace; converted all characters to the broadest range of Latin characters and then transliterated to "Basic Latin'' ASCII characters; replaced curly quotes with their ASCII counterparts; replaced contractions (e.g., turned "it's'' into "it is''); removed punctuation; removed capitalization; removed numbers; fixed word kerning; applied a final extra round of whitespace removal.</p> <p>We then tokenized them by following the rule that each word is a character string surrounded by a single space. At this step, each document is then a list of tokens. We count each unique token to create a document-term matrix (DTM), where each row is an article, each column is a unique token (occurring at least once in the corpus as a whole), and each cell is the number of times each token occurred in each article. Finally, we removed words (i.e., columns in the DTM) that occurred less than four times in the corpus as a whole or were only a single character in length (likely orphaned characters from the OCRing process). The final DTM has 66,552 unique words, 10,134,304 total tokens and 17,493 documents. The "20231006_dca_dtm.Rdata" is a sparse matrix class object from the <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/Matrix/index.html">Matrix R package</a>.</p> <p>In R, use the load() function to load the objects `dca_dtm` and `dca_meta`. To associate the `dca_meta` to the `dca_dtm` , match the "pdf_file" variable in`dca_meta` to the rownames of `dca_dtm`.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Determinants of hyena participation in risky collective action
<p>Collective action problems arise when cooperating individuals suffer costs of cooperation, while the benefits of cooperation are received by both cooperators and defectors. We address this problem using data from spotted hyenas fighting with lions. Lions are much larger, and kill many hyenas, so these fights require cooperative mobbing by hyenas for them to succeed. We identify factors that predict: when hyena groups engage in cooperative fights with lions, which individuals choose to participate, and how the benefits of victory are distributed among cooperators and non-cooperators. We find that cooperative mobbing is better predicted by lower costs (no male lions, more hyenas) than higher benefits (need for food). Individual participation is facilitated by social factors, both over the long term (close kin, social bond strength) and the short term (greeting interactions prior to cooperation). Finally, we find some direct benefits of participation: after cooperation, participants were more likely to feed at contested carcasses than non-participants. Overall, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that, when animals face dangerous cooperative dilemmas, selection favors flexible strategies that are sensitive to dynamic factors emerging over multiple time-scales.</p>
Petty bribery, pluralistic ignorance, and the collective action problem
<p>Corruption in the form of bribery for access to public goods and services remains a widespread and seemingly innocuous practice which disproportionately targets the poor and helps keep them poor. Furthermore, the aggregate effects of bribery in the form of small payments erode the legitimacy of government institutions and their capacity to fairly administer public goods and services as well as protection under the law. Drawing on original evidence using social norms methodology, this research tests underlying beliefs and expectations which sustain persistent forms of bribery and draws attention to its association with pluralistic ignorance and consequent collective action problems. With examples focused on bribery in traffic law enforcement, healthcare, and education – three critical areas where bribery is often identified as an entrenched and systematic practice – this paper contributes new evidence of: i) the presence of pluralistic ignorance, a common social comparison error, in bribe-giving behaviour; ii) differing social evaluations of bribe-solicitation and finally, iii) how this context might exacerbate collective action problems. This empirical case study of Nigeria shows that even though more people are likely to be directly affected by bribery during routine interactions with public officials and institutions and many believe this practice is wrong, most people incorrectly believe that others in their community tolerate or even accept bribery behaviour.</p>
ASCEND: ApproacheS to CHC ImplEmeNtation of SDH Data Collection and Action
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03607617. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Data from: Determinants of hyena participation in risky collective action
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Data from: Group augmentation, collective action, and territorial boundary patrols by male chimpanzees
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Figure 5 in Actionable, long-term stable and semantic web compatible identifiers for access to biological collection objects
Figure 5. The Wallich Catalogue. Screenshot of Wallich Catalogue hosted by Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh showing popup for stable URI containing information hosted at Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem.
Figure 4 in Actionable, long-term stable and semantic web compatible identifiers for access to biological collection objects
Figure 4. The CETAF Specimen URI Tester provides for any given Specimen URI an overview of the redirection process as well as a preview of machine-readable and human-readable data associated with the URI.
Figure 3 in Actionable, long-term stable and semantic web compatible identifiers for access to biological collection objects
Figure 3. CETAF stable HTTP URIs in the GBIF data portal. The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) publishes CETAF stable HTTP URIs via their data portal.
Figure 2 in Actionable, long-term stable and semantic web compatible identifiers for access to biological collection objects
Figure 2. Basic redirection mechanisms. Human users are redirected to a human-readable web-representation of the specimens. Software systems are re-directed to a machine-readable metadata record.
Annex to paper entitled From Collective Action to Civil Disorder: Comparative Analysis of Pandemic-ridden Czechia and Slovakia. From: March 1, 2020; To: March 1, 2022
<p>This databasis draws on ACLED DATA PROJECT. It was elaborated for the research project <em>Civil Disorder in Pandemic-ridden European Union</em>. The latter was financially supported by the National Science Centre, Poland [grant number 2021/43/B/HS5/00290].</p>
Cooperative virulence via the collective action of secreted pathogen effectors
<p>Barcode sequence data. Unique barcode sequences were incorporated into the effector plasmids to confirm that all individual effector clones within the metaclone were present throughout infection and that the overall diversity of the metaclones remained unchanged <strong>(Extended Data Fig. 4). </strong></p>
Figure 1 in Actionable, long-term stable and semantic web compatible identifiers for access to biological collection objects
Figure 1. Example specimen. Example physical herbarium object and its stable HTTP URI identifier.
Data from: Stigmergy, collective actions and animal social spacing
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Data from: How chimpanzees solve collective action problems
We presented small groups of chimpanzees with two collective action situations, in which action was necessary for reward but there was a disincentive for individuals to act due to the possibility of free-riding on the efforts of others. We found that in simpler scenarios (Experiment 1) in which group size was small, there was a positive relationship between rank and action with more dominant individuals volunteering to act more often, particularly when the reward was less dispersed. Social tolerance also seemed to mediate action whereby higher tolerance levels within a group resulted in individuals of lower ranks sometimes acting and appropriating more of the reward. In more complex scenarios when group size was larger and cooperation was necessary (Experiment 2), overcoming the problem was more challenging. There was highly significant variability in the action rates of different individuals as well as between dyads suggesting success was more greatly influenced by the individual personalities and personal relationships present in the group.
Data from: How chimpanzees solve collective action problems
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