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119 results for “Colletotrichum”
Attack of the clones: population genetics reveals clonality of Colletotrichum lupini, the causal agent of lupin anthracnose
<p><em>Colletotrichum lupini</em>, causing lupin anthracnose, is one of the worst pathogens to lupin cultivation worldwide. Understanding its population structure and evolutionary potential is crucial to design successful disease management strategies. The objective of this study was to employ population genetics to investigate the diversity, evolutionary dynamics and molecular basis of host interaction of this notorious lupin pathogen. A collection of globally representative <em>C. lupini </em>isolates was genotyped through triple digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (3D-RADseq), resulting in a dataset of unparalleled resolution. Phylogenetic and structural analysis could distinguish four (I – IV) independent lineages. The strong population structure, low recombination and slow linkage decay strongly suggests that <em>C. lupini</em> reproduces clonally. Different morphologies and virulence patterns on white (<em>Lupinus albus</em>) and Andean lupin (<em>L. mutabilis</em>) were observed between and within clonal lineages. Isolates belonging to lineage II were shown to have a mini-chromosome which was also partly present in lineage III and IV, but not in lineage I isolates. Variation in the presence of this mini-chromosome could indicate a role in host interaction. All four lineages were present in the South American Andes region, which is concluded to be the center of origin of this species. Only members of lineage II have been found outside South America since the 1990s, indicating it as the current pandemic population. As a seed-borne pathogen, <em>C. lupini</em> has mainly spread through infected but symptomless seeds, stressing the importance of phytosanitary measures to prevent future outbreaks of strains that are yet confined to South America.</p>
Data: Genetic diversity of Colletotrichum lupini and its virulence on white and Andean lupin
<p>DATA</p> <p>Lupin cultivation worldwide is threatened by anthracnose, a destructive disease caused by the seed- and air-borne fungal pathogen <em>Colletotrichum lupini</em>. In this study we explored the intraspecific diversity of 39 <em>C. lupini</em> isolates collected from different lupin cultivating regions around the world, and representative isolates were screened for their pathogenicity and virulence on white and Andean lupin. Multi-locus phylogeny and morphological characterizations showed intraspecific diversity to be greater than previously shown, distinguishing a total of six genetic groups and ten distinct morphotypes. Highest diversity was found across South America, indicating it as the center of origin of <em>C. lupini</em>. The isolates that correspond to the current pandemic belong to a genetic and morphological uniform group, were globally widespread, and showed high virulence on tested white and Andean lupin accessions. Isolates belonging to the other five genetic groups were mostly found locally and showed distinct virulence patterns. Two highly virulent strains were shown to overcome resistance of advanced white lupin breeding material. This stresses the need to be careful with international seed transports in order to prevent spread of currently confined but potentially highly virulent strains. This study improves our understanding of the diversity, phylogeography and pathogenicity of a member of one of the world’s top 10 plant pathogen genera, providing valuable information for breeding programs and future disease management.</p>
Data - Attack of the clones: population genetics reveals clonality of Colletotrichum lupini, the causal agent of lupin anthracnose
<p><em>Colletotrichum lupini</em>, causing lupin anthracnose, is one of the worst pathogens to lupin cultivation worldwide. Understanding its population structure and evolutionary potential is crucial to design successful disease management strategies. The objective of this study was to employ population genetics to investigate the genetic diversity, evolutionary dynamics and molecular basis of host-speciation of this notorious lupin pathogen. A collection of globally representative <em>C. lupini </em>isolates was genotyped through triple digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (3D-RADseq), resulting in a dataset of unparalleled resolution. Phylogenetic and structural analysis could distinguish four (I – IV) independent lineages. The strong population structure, low recombination rate and slow linkage decay strongly indicate that <em>C. lupini</em> reproduces clonally. Different morphologies and virulence patterns on white and Andean lupin were observed between and within clonal lineages. Lineage II isolates were shown to have a mini chromosome which was also partly present in lineage III and IV, but not in lineage I isolates. Variation in the presence of this mini-chromosome could indicate a function related to virulence or host-speciation. All four lineages were present in the South American Andes region, which is concluded to be the center of origin of this species. Only members of lineage II have been found outside South America since the 1990s, indicating it as the current pandemic population. As a seed-borne pathogen, <em>C. lupini</em> has mainly spread through infected but symptomless seeds, stressing the importance of phytosanitary measures to prevent future outbreaks of strains that are yet confined to South America.</p>
FIGURE 4 in Colletotrichum dracaenigenum, a new species on Dracaena fragrans
FIGURE 4. Results of the pairwise homoplasy index (PHI) test of closely related species using both LogDet transformation and splits decomposition. PHI test results (Φw) <0.05 indicate significant recombination within the dataset. The new taxon is in red bold type.
FIGURE 1. The best scoring phylogram generated from a in Colletotrichum dracaenigenum, a new species on Dracaena fragrans
FIGURE 1. The best scoring phylogram generated from a final MP dataset based on combined ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, ACT and TUB2 sequence data. Bootstrap support values for maximum parsimony (MP, left) and maximum likelihood (ML, middle) are greater than 60% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP, right) equal to or greater than 0.95 are indicated at the nodes. The new taxon is bolded in red.
FIGURE 2 in Colletotrichum dracaenigenum, a new species on Dracaena fragrans
FIGURE 2. Sexual morph of Colletotrichum dracaenigenum (MFLU 18–1856, holotype). a. Dracaena fragrans. b, c, d. Appearance on host surface. e. Vertical section of ascomata. f. Peridium. g. Paraphyses. h, i. Asci. j–o. Ascospores. Scale bars: a = 2 cm, b, c = 2000 μm, e = 100 μm, g = 20 μm, f, h-i = 10 μm, j–o = 5 μm.
Transcriptome data of maize leaves inoculated with water and Colletotrichum graminicola
<p>The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2019. The transcriptome sequencing was performed on a typical maize variety B73. For biological stress treatment, the maize leaves were inoculated with water and <em>Colletotrichum graminicola</em><em>. </em>The first sampling of maize leaves was performed at 0 h after treatment of water. Subsequent samples of maize leaves were taken at 24h, 40h, 60h and 96h after inoculation with <em>C. graminicola</em>. Three biological replicates of leaf samples were collected at each time point. Total RNA was extracted from leaf samples using Trizol method. Then, the RNA was analyzed by agrose gel electrophoresis. RNA-seq libraries was finally constructed with the Illumina standard mRNASeq Prep Kit (TruSeq RNA and DNA Sample Preparation Kits).</p>
FIGURE 3 in Colletotrichum juglandis sp. nov. (Ascomycota: Glomerellaceae) associated with walnut leaf spot in China
FIGURE 3. Morphology of Colletotrichum juglandis sp. nov. and its pathogenicity test on walnut leaf (Juglans regia). A. Diseased samples from field; B. Pathogenicity tests on living leaf; C. Colony on PDA; D. Conidioma; E. Conidiophores; F. Chlamydospores; G–I. Appressoria; J. Conidia. D. Scale bars = 100 μm; E–J = 10 μm.
FIGURE 1 in Colletotrichum juglandis sp. nov. (Ascomycota: Glomerellaceae) associated with walnut leaf spot in China
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree of Colletotrichum spp. associated with walnut leaf spot based on the combined gene sequences of ITS, GAPDH, CHS-1, and ACT. The Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥0.6 (PP), maximum likelihood bootstrap support values ≥60% (BS) are given at the nodes (PP/BS). Examined isolates are in bold. Isolates marked with "*" are ex-type or ex-epitype and "(*)" are ex-type or authentic culture.
FIGURE 2 in Colletotrichum juglandis sp. nov. (Ascomycota: Glomerellaceae) associated with walnut leaf spot in China
FIGURE 2. Morphological characteristics of Colletotrichum kahawae, C. gloeosporioides, C. fiorinia, C. nymphaeae and C. godetiae associated with walnut leaf spot. A–E. Colonies on PDA for 7 d; F–V. Appressoria; H–W. Conidiophores; I–X. Conidia. Scale bars:10 μm.
Genome Sequence of Colletotrichum karsti isolated from rose leaves exhibiting anthracnose symptoms in Potchefstroom, South Africa.
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FIGURE 2 in Colletotrichum paridis sp. nov., a novel endophytic species on Paris polyphylla var. chinensis
FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree generated from randomized axelerated maximum likelihood (RAxML) analysis based on the combined ITS, gapdh, act, tub2, chs-1 and his3 alignment of isolates from C. dematium complex. Bootstrap values for RAxML higher than 50% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BP) higher than 0.9 are given at the nodes (RAxML/BP). Colletotrichum chlorophyti IMI 103806 is outgroup. Ex-type or holotype specimens are marked with an asterisk (*).
FIGURE 1. a in Colletotrichum paridis sp. nov., a novel endophytic species on Paris polyphylla var. chinensis
FIGURE 1. a. The collection of samples. b. Paris polyphylla with grey mould where C. paridis was isolated from. c. No symptoms on inoculated leaves. d, e. Culture of C. paridis on PDA after 5 days (d, upper; e, reverse).
FIGURE 3 in Colletotrichum paridis sp. nov., a novel endophytic species on Paris polyphylla var. chinensis
FIGURE 3. Colletotrichum paridis (GMCC000018, holotype). a–g. Appressoria. h, i. Setae. j–l. Conidiophores and conidia. m, n. Scanning electron micrographs of (m) a conidium and (n) setae. o, p. Conidia.
FIGURE 2 in Colletotrichum xishanense as a new etiological anthracnose agent on Fagopyrum gracilipes in Yunnan Province, China
FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree derived from maximum parsimony analysis of the combined apmat-gs sequences, using Colletotrichum xanthorrhoeae BRIP 45094 as outgroup. Maximum parsimony bootstrap values (MP>50%) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI>0.95) are shown above or below the branches. Type strains are in bold.
FIGURE 3 in Colletotrichum xishanense as a new etiological anthracnose agent on Fagopyrum gracilipes in Yunnan Province, China
FIGURE 3. Colletotrichum xishanense (453-2-3-1, ex-holotype): A. Front (left) and back (right) views of 7-d-old PDA culture; B. Symptoms on leaves of Fagopyrum gracilipes; C–D. Conidiogenous cells; E. Conidia; F–I. Appressoria. A. On PDA. C–I. On OA. Scale bars: C–I = 10 μm.
FIGURE 1 in Colletotrichum xishanense as a new etiological anthracnose agent on Fagopyrum gracilipes in Yunnan Province, China
FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic tree derived from maximum parsimony analysis of the combined act-tub2-cal-chs-1-gapdh-ITS sequences, using Colletotrichum boninense CBS 123755 as outgroups. Maximum parsimony bootstrap values (MP>50%) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BI>0.95) are shown above or below the branches. Type strains are in bold.
FIGURE 5 in Two new endophytic fungi of Colletotrichum and Diaporthe isolated from Berchemia polyphylla var. leioclada in Guizhou Province, China
FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree based on RAxML analyses of a combined ITS, TUB2, CAL, HIS, TEF1-α dataset, including sequences of our strain and a selection of related Diaporthe spp., restricted according to the phylogenetic study of Supplementary Material (Figure S2). Diaporthe caulivora (CBS 127268) was used as the outgroup. The combined gene analysis included 13 strains with 2409 characters after aligned, including gaps (ITS: 560bp, TUB2: 526bp, CAL: 506bp, HIS3: 494bp, TEF1-α: 323bp). The RAxML analysis of the combined dataset yielded the best scoring tree with a final ML optimization likelihood value of -7651.550919. The matrix had 572 distinct alignment patterns, with 23.26% undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows: A = 0.203920, C = 0.334775, G = 0.247441, T = 0.213864; substitution rates AC = 1.486536, AG = 3.694646, AT = 1.459400, CG = 1.231075, CT = 5.843934, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter α = 0.257986. Bootstrap support values for RAxML equal to or greater than 70% and Bayesian posterior probabilities equal to or greater than 0.90 are given at each node. The new isolate is shown in red and bold.
FIGURE 4 in Two new endophytic fungi of Colletotrichum and Diaporthe isolated from Berchemia polyphylla var. leioclada in Guizhou Province, China
FIGURE 4. Diaporthe berchemiae (ex-type culture, GMBCC 20000). a, b Front and reverse colony on MEA. c, d Conidiomata on PDA. e–g Conidiophores. h–k Conidiogenous cells and conidia. l–o Alpha conidia. p-s Beta conidia. Scale bars: e–g, i–k = 10 μm; h, l–s = 5 μm.
FIGURE 2 in Two new endophytic fungi of Colletotrichum and Diaporthe isolated from Berchemia polyphylla var. leioclada in Guizhou Province, China
FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic tree of Maximum Likelihood analyses of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex and its closely related species (including sequences of our strain and a selection of related Colletotrichum spp.,), restricted according to the phylogenetic study of Supplementary Material (Figure S1). Colletotrichum hippeastri (CBS 125376) and C. boninense CBS 123755 were used as outgroup taxa. The tree was built using concatenated sequences of ITS, ACT, CHS-1, GADPH, and TUB2 datasets and the tree topology of the RAxML and Bayesian analyses are similar. The combined gene analysis included 86 strains with 2152 characters after aligned, including gaps (ITS: 593bp, ACT: 282bp, CHS-1: 299bp, GADPH: 277bp, and TUB2: 701bp). The RAxML analysis of the combined dataset yielded the best scoring tree with a final ML optimization likelihood value of -15857.131621. The matrix had 1198 distinct alignment patterns, with 23.12% undetermined characters or gaps. Estimated base frequencies were as follows: A = 0.229650, C = 0.299082, G = 0.241413, T = 0.229855; substitution rates AC = 1.009331, AG = 2.892663, AT = 1.227390, CG = 0.965860, CT = 4.527049, GT = 1.000000; gamma distribution shape parameter α = 0.449663. Bootstrap support values for RAxML equal to or greater than 70% and Bayesian posterior probabilities equal to or greater than 0.90 are given at each node. The new isolate is shown in red and bold.
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