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30 results for “Colobus”
Data for investigation of Ugandan red colobus monkey response to Hepatocystis parasites
<p>Supplemental data for analysis of gene expression response of Ugandan red colobus monkeys (<em>Piliocolobus tephrosceles</em>) to <em>Hepatocystis</em>, a malaria-like parasite.</p>
Figure 6 in The radiation of red colobus monkeys (Primates, Colobinae): morphological evolution in a clade of endangered African primates
Figure 6. Males. Scatter plots of the first discriminant axes (DFs) of species using shape (first 30 principal components; percentages of variance explained by DF in parentheses).
Figure 4 in The radiation of red colobus monkeys (Primates, Colobinae): morphological evolution in a clade of endangered African primates
Figure 4. Males. Scatter plots of the first principal components of shape variables. See Figure 3 for the key.
Figure 1 in The radiation of red colobus monkeys (Primates, Colobinae): morphological evolution in a clade of endangered African primates
Figure 1. Distribution of red colobus taxa (modified from Colyn, 1991). (I) Piliocolobus badius (Kerr, 1792) (western Tropical Africa): (1) Piliocolobus badius ssp. temminckii (Kuhl, 1820), (2) Piliocolobus badius ssp. badius (Kerr, 1792), and (3) Piliocolobus badius ssp. waldroni (Hayman, 1936); (II) Procolobus pennantii (Waterhouse, 1838) (western equatorial Africa): (4) Procolobus pennantii ssp. epieni Grubb and Powell, 1999, (5) Procolobus pennantii ssp. pennantii (Waterhouse, 1838), (6) Procolobus pennantii ssp. preussi (Matschie, 1900), (7) Procolobus pennantii ssp. bouvieri (Rochebrune, 1887); (III) Central African assemblage: (8) Piliocolobus sp. tholloni, (9) Piliocolobus sp. oustaleti, (10) Piliocolobus sp. parmentieri Colyn & Verheyen, 1987, (11) Piliocolobus sp. lulindicus Matschie, 1914 and Piliocolobus sp. foai (de Pousargues, 1899), (12) Piliocolobus sp. langi (Allen, 1925) and Piliocolobus sp. ellioti (Dollman, 1909), (13) Piliocolobus sp. tephrosceles (Elliot, 1907); (IV) Eastern African species: (14) Piliocolobus gordonorum Matschie, 1900, (15) Piliocolobus rufomitratus, (16) Piliocolobus kirkii Gray, 1868. Grey areas are putative Pleistocenic mountain refugia, taken from Mayr & O'Hara (1986).
Figure 3 in The radiation of red colobus monkeys (Primates, Colobinae): morphological evolution in a clade of endangered African primates
Figure 3. Females. Scatter plots of the first principal components (PCs) of shape variables (percentages of variance explained in parentheses). Shape changes at positive extremes of the axes are illustrated using surface rendering with a two-fold magnification (the same magnification is used in all figures). The average shape (origin of the PCA axes) is shown by the upper right corner of the scatter plots in this and other figures. (a) PC1 vs. PC2. (b) PC3 vs. PC4.
Figure 5 in The radiation of red colobus monkeys (Primates, Colobinae): morphological evolution in a clade of endangered African primates
Figure 5. Females. Scatter plots of the first discriminat axes (DAs) of species using shape (first 35 principal components; percentages of variance explained by DA in parentheses). Shape changes predicted by regressing shape coordinates onto DA are illustrated using surface rendering for positive extremes of the axes.
Rwenzori colobus core unit SNA data - association scans between units, simple association index per dyad, male dispersal events, rainfall and food availability
<p>1. Multi-level societies are complex, nested social systems where basic social groups (i.e., core units) associate in a hierarchical manner, allowing animals to adjust their group sizes in response to variables such as food availability, predation, or conspecific threat. These pressures fluctuate over time and examining the extent to which this variation affects the clustering of core units into different tiers may be instrumental in understanding the evolution of multi-level societies.</p> <p>2. The goal of our study was to determine the degree of temporal variability in inter-unit associations in a multi-level society of Rwenzori Angolan colobus monkey (<i>Colobus angolensis ruwenzorii</i>), and to determine the social and ecological factors that underlie association patterns. The <i>C. a. ruwenzorii</i> multi-level society consists of at least three tiers, with core units clustering into clans that share a home range in a band tier.</p> <p>3. We performed social network analyses on 21 months of association data from 13 core units (totaling 139 identifiable individuals) at Lake Nabugabo, Uganda. We described the patterns of variation in core-unit associations over time and investigated how changes in rainfall, food availability, and inter-unit dispersals were correlated with these associations over the short-term (month to month) and long-term (year to year).</p> <p>4. Although clans were relatively stable, larger-scale changes in association patterns included the formation of an all-male unit and the transfer of one core unit between clans (within the band tier). Seasonally, core units associated significantly more when fruit, their preferred food source, was abundant (i.e., social networks were denser and more clustered) and there was no direct effect of rainfall seasonality or young leaf availability. Male dispersals also occurred more during periods of high fruit availability, suggesting that greater band cohesion allowed males to prospect and transfer between core units. Once males transferred, their previous and new units associated significantly more with one another than with other core units for 1-2 months post-dispersal. The dispersal of five males from one core unit to another in a different clan co-occurred with this core unit switching its clan affiliation.</p> <p>5. By examining temporal shifts in social network structure among core units, this study shows the inter-connected roles that food availability and dispersal have in shaping the <i>C. a. ruwenzorii</i> multi-level social system. Our findings highlight how ecological conditions can drive association patterns, impact interunit relationships, and influence social organization.</p>
APPENDIX 1 in An Annotated Catalog of the African Primate Genera Colobus and Procolobus (Cercopithecidae: Colobinae) in the Collections of the American Museum of Natural History
APPENDIX 1 (Continued)
APPENDIX 1 in An Annotated Catalog of the African Primate Genera Colobus and Procolobus (Cercopithecidae: Colobinae) in the Collections of the American Museum of Natural History
APPENDIX 1 (Continued)
APPENDIX 1 in An Annotated Catalog of the African Primate Genera Colobus and Procolobus (Cercopithecidae: Colobinae) in the Collections of the American Museum of Natural History
APPENDIX 1 (Continued)
APPENDIX 1 in An Annotated Catalog of the African Primate Genera Colobus and Procolobus (Cercopithecidae: Colobinae) in the Collections of the American Museum of Natural History
APPENDIX 1 (Continued)
APPENDIX 1 in An Annotated Catalog of the African Primate Genera Colobus and Procolobus (Cercopithecidae: Colobinae) in the Collections of the American Museum of Natural History
APPENDIX 1 (Continued)
APPENDIX 1 in An Annotated Catalog of the African Primate Genera Colobus and Procolobus (Cercopithecidae: Colobinae) in the Collections of the American Museum of Natural History
APPENDIX 1 (Continued)
APPENDIX 1 in An Annotated Catalog of the African Primate Genera Colobus and Procolobus (Cercopithecidae: Colobinae) in the Collections of the American Museum of Natural History
APPENDIX 1 (Continued)
APPENDIX 1 in An Annotated Catalog of the African Primate Genera Colobus and Procolobus (Cercopithecidae: Colobinae) in the Collections of the American Museum of Natural History
APPENDIX 1 (Continued)
APPENDIX 1 in An Annotated Catalog of the African Primate Genera Colobus and Procolobus (Cercopithecidae: Colobinae) in the Collections of the American Museum of Natural History
APPENDIX 1 (Continued)
APPENDIX 1 in An Annotated Catalog of the African Primate Genera Colobus and Procolobus (Cercopithecidae: Colobinae) in the Collections of the American Museum of Natural History
APPENDIX 1
King Colobus and Western Red Colobus of Taï National Park - microsatellite dataset
<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>We compared the genetic patterns - genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history - of two African colobine species - King Colobus (<em>Colobus polykomos</em>) and Western Red Colobus (<em>Piliocolobus badius</em>) - in Taï National Park (TNP), Ivory Coast, and Cantanhez Forests National Park (CFNP), Guinea-Bissau, using a dataset of microsatellite loci. While TNP is the largest and best preserved forest of West Africa, CFNP is highly fragmented. Thus, these two forests provide the opportunity of studying the impact of forest status on the maintenance of these species' evolutionary potential.</p> <p>CFNP colobines showed very low genetic diversity, while the populations in TNP still maintain high levels of genetic diversity. A strong signal of population decline was and we found no clear signal of population decrease in Western red colobus and a limited decrease in King colobus. These results suggest larger and historically more stable populations in TNP compared to CFNP. We cannot exclude the possibility that the demographic effects resulting from the recent increase of bushmeat hunting are not yet detectable in TNP using genetic data. Nevertheless, the fact that the TNP colobus populations are highly genetically diverse and maintain large effective population sizes suggests that well-preserved forests are crucial for the maintenance of populations, species and probably for the evolutionary potential in colobines.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong></p> <p>Blood-derived DNA samples of eight King Colobus (<em>Colobus polykomos</em>) and 20 Western Red Colobus (<em>Piliocolobus badius</em>) were genotyped for eleven and ten, respectively, human-derived nuclear microsatellite loci. Loci were amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), following the protocol optimised by Minhós <em>et al.</em> (2013). PCR products were analysed using an ABI 3130XL Automatic Sequencer at the Genomics Unit of Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Portugal. Alleles were scored using GeneMapper® Software version 4.1 (Applied Biosystems). Each locus was genotyped up to three times per sample and two independent observers scored the genotypes. Genotypes were considered as heterozygous after each allele was observed in at least two independent PCR reactions. This dataset presents the consensus genotypes obtained for each individual at each locus. No GPS data are available for this dataset, although all individuals are known to come from Taï National Park, Ivory Coast.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Usage notes:</strong></p> <p>The dataset corresponds to two CSV files - one for King Colobus (<em>Colobus polykomos</em>) and another for Western Red Colobus (<em>Piliocolobus badius</em>). The header shows microsatellite names (2 columns per microsatellite, as these are diploid individuals) and each subsequent row corresponds to an individual. The first column exhibits the codes of the individuals. Missing data is coded as 0.</p>
Figure 8 in The radiation of red colobus monkeys (Primates, Colobinae): morphological evolution in a clade of endangered African primates
Figure 8. Males. Phenogram of the species mean shapes. See Figure 7 for further explanation.
Rwenzori colobus core unit SNA data - association scans between units, simple association index per dyad, male dispersal events, rainfall and food availability
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