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12 results for “Colonial history”
A new molecular phylogeny of salps (Tunicata: Thalicea: Salpida) and the evolutionary history of their colonial architecture
<p>Salps are marine pelagic urochordates with a complex life cycle including a solitary and colonial stage composed of asexually-budded individuals. These colonies develop into species-specific architectures with distinct zooid orientations, including transversal, oblique, linear, helical, and bipinnate chains; as well as whorls, and clusters. The evolutionary history of salp colony architecture has remained obscured due to the lack of a homology-based ontology to characterize architectures, as well as a lack of phylogenetic taxon sampling and resolution of critical nodes. We (1) collected and first-time sequenced eight species of salps, (2) inferred the phylogenetic relationships among salps, and (3) reconstructed the evolutionary history of salp colony architecture. We collected salp specimens via offshore SCUBA diving, dissected tissue samples, extracted their DNA, amplified their 18S gene, and sequenced them using Sanger technology. We inferred a new molecular phylogeny using both Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian approaches. Using this phylogeny, we reconstructed the ancestral states of colony architecture using a Bayesian ordered Markov model informed by the presence and absence of specific developmental mechanisms that lead to each architecture. We find that the ancestral salp architecture is either oblique or linear, with every other state being derived. Moreover, linear chains have evolved independently at least three times. While transversal chains are developmentally basal and hypothesized to be ancestral, our phylogenetic topology and reconstructions strongly indicate that they are evolutionarily derived through the loss of zooid torsion. These traits are likely critical to multijet locomotory performance and evolving under natural selection. Our work showcases the need to study the broader diversity of salp species in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of their organismal biology, evolutionary history, and ecological roles in pelagic ecosystems.</p>
A new molecular phylogeny of salps (Tunicata: Thalicea: Salpida) and the evolutionary history of their colonial architecture
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Data from: Colonial history impacts urban tree species distribution in a tropical city
Urban forests associated with green infrastructure for sustainable outcomes are particularly critical in the Global South, where some of the world's fastest-growing cities are located. However, compared to temperate cities, the drivers of urban tree species distribution in tropical cities remain understudied. In this study, we quantify the spatial distribution and abundance of urban forests in the tropical city of Georgetown, Guyana. British colonialism has shaped this city, including forced movement of peoples under slavery from Africa and indentured servants from the Indian Subcontinent. We studied how this multicultural context has influenced tree species distributions in the capital city of the only Anglophone country in South America. We quantified the abundance of tree species using a stratified sampling design to distribute transects across fifteen neighborhoods that vary in distance to the colonial center of the city and ethnic composition. We recorded a total of 57 unique species, the majority of which (73%) were cultivated for their edible fruits. We identify tree species that likely represent Guyana's unique multicultural heritage by comparing our species list to flora in nine cities in neighboring countries (Venezuela and Brazil) with different colonial histories. This international comparison identified a set of tree species that occurred only in Guyana. Relationships between ethnic composition and colonial history and tree species distribution were weak at the neighborhood scale, where proportion of East Indian residents had little explanatory power and distance to colonial center was correlated with abundance of only some species groups. This apparent discrepancy between neighborhood and national scales may relate to the establishment of Guyanese food as a unifying national identifier across ethnicities. The prominence of edible fruit trees in our study suggests a set of species that could be incorporated into urban planning to strengthen biocultural linkages, foster cultural integration, and promote food security.
Data from: Genetic structure and invasion history of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) in Senegal, West Africa: a legacy of colonial and contemporary times
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Data from: Colonial history impacts urban tree species distribution in a tropical city
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Data from: Colony and individual life-history responses to temperature in a social insect pollinator
1. Pollinating insects are of major ecological and commercial importance, yet they may be facing ecological disruption from a changing climate. Despite this threat, few studies have investigated the life-history responses of pollinators to experimentally controlled changes in temperature, which should be especially informative for species with complex life histories such as eusocial insects. 2. This study uses the key pollinator Bombus terrestris, a eusocial bumblebee with an annual colony cycle, to determine how temperature affects life-history traits at both individual and colony levels. 3. In two laboratory experiments, we reared B. terrestris colonies at either 20 or 25 °C, and measured differences in a set of life-history traits including colony longevity, queen longevity, worker longevity, production of workers, production of sexuals (queen and male production) and growth schedule, as well as effects on thermoregulatory behaviours. 4. Higher rearing temperature had a significant positive effect on colony longevity in one of the two experiments but no significant effects on queen or worker longevity. Higher rearing temperature significantly increased colony size but did not affect the timing of peak colony size. It was also associated with significantly higher queen production but had no effect on the production of workers or males or the timing of male production. Higher temperature colonies exhibited significantly more wing fanning by workers and significantly less wax canopy construction. Hence, an increase in rearing temperature of a few degrees increased colony longevity, colony size and queen production. However, individual longevity was not affected and so may have been buffered by changes in costly thermoregulatory behaviours. 5. We conclude that eusocial insects may show complex phenotypic responses to projected temperature increases under climate change, including effects on productivity and reproduction at the colony level. Such effects should be considered when predicting the impact of climate change on the provision of essential pollination services.
Data from: Life-history strategy and behavioral type: risk-tolerance reflects growth rate and energy allocation in ant colonies
Despite the recent interest in animal personality and behavioral syndromes, there is a paucity of explanations for why distinct behavioral traits should evolve to correlate. We investigate whether such correlations across apparently distinct behavioral traits may be explained by variation in life history strategy among individual ant colonies. Life history theory predicts that the way in which individuals allocate energy towards somatic maintenance or reproduction drives several distinct traits in physiology, morphology, and energy use; it also predicts that an individual's willingness to engage in risky behaviors should depend on reproductive strategy. We use Temnothorax ants, which have been shown to exhibit 'personalities' and a syndrome that may reflect risk tolerance at the colony level. We measure colonies' relative investment in growth rate (new workers produced) compared to reproductive effort (males and queens produced). Comparing sterile worker production to reproductive alate production provides a direct measure of how colonies are investing their energy, analogous to investment in growth versus reproduction in a unitary organism. Consistently with this idea, we found that behavioral type of ant colonies was associated with their life history strategy: risk-tolerant colonies grew faster and invested more in reproduction, whereas risk-averse colonies had lower growth rate but invested relatively more in workers. This provides evidence that behavioral syndromes can be a consequence of life-history strategy variation, linking the two fields and supporting the use of an integrative approach.
Data from: Life-history strategy and behavioral type: risk-tolerance reflects growth rate and energy allocation in ant colonies
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Data from: Colony and individual life-history responses to temperature in a social insect pollinator
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Data from: Colony pace: a life-history trait affecting social insect epidemiology
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Viral load, not food availability or temperature, predicts colony longevity in an invasive eusocial wasp with plastic life history
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The Effect of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Versus Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Females With a History of RIF
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04604054. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.