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42 results for “Color vision”
Fig. 2 in All the better to see you with: a review of odonate color vision with transcriptomic insight into the odonate eye
Fig. 2 Image representing the body and wing coloration of damselflies (a-e). (a) Platycyphya caligata courtesy of J. Abbott. (b) Calopteryx maculata courtesy of J. Abbott. (c) An andromrophic mating wheel of Ischnura ramburii with male on top and andromorph female on the bottom. Courtesy of S. Coleman. (d) Megaloprepus coerulatus courtesy of T. Davenport. (e) An gynomrophic mating wheel of Ischnura ramburii with male on top and gynomorph female on bottom. Courtesy of S. Coleman
Fig. 1 in All the better to see you with: a review of odonate color vision with transcriptomic insight into the odonate eye
Fig. 1 Diagram of the ventral ommatidium of Sympetrum (redrawn from Armett-Kibel and Menertzhagen 1983)
Ultraviolet vision in anemonefish improves color discrimination
<p><span>In many animals, ultraviolet (UV) vision guides navigation, foraging, and communication, but few studies have addressed the contribution of UV vision to color discrimination, or behaviorally assessed UV discrimination thresholds. Here, we tested UV-color vision in an anemonefish (<em>Amphiprion</em> <em>ocellaris</em>) using a novel five-channel (RGB-V-UV) LED display designed to test UV perception. We first determined that the maximal sensitivity of the <em>A</em>. <em>ocellaris</em> UV cone was at ~386 nm using microspectrophotometry. Three additional cone spectral sensitivities had maxima at ~497, 515, and ~535 nm, which together informed the modelling of the fish's color vision. Anemonefish behavioral discrimination thresholds for nine sets of colors were determined from their ability to distinguish a colored target pixel from grey distractor pixels of varying intensity. We found that <em>A</em>. <em>ocellaris</em> used all four cones to process color information and is therefore tetrachromatic, and fish were better at discriminating colors (i.e., color discrimination thresholds were lower, or more acute) when targets had UV chromatic contrast elicited by greater stimulation of the UV cone relative to other cone types. These findings imply that a UV component of color signals and cues improves their detectability, which likely increases the salience of anemonefish body patterns used in communication and the silhouette of zooplankton prey.</span></p>
Ultraviolet vision in anemonefish improves color discrimination
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Data from: Thyroid hormone tinkering elicits integrated phenotypic changes potentially explaining rapid adaptation of color vision in cichlid fish
Vision is critical for most vertebrates, including fish. One challenge that aquatic habitats pose is the high variability in spectral properties depending on depth, turbidity and composition of the water body. By altering opsin gene expression and chromophore usage, cichlid fish modulate visual sensitivities to maximize sensory input from the available light in their respective habitat. Thyroid hormone (TH) has been proposed to play a role in governing adaptive diversification in visual sensitivity in Nicaraguan Midas cichlids, which evolved in less than ~3,100 generations. As suggested by indirect measurements of TH levels (i.e., expression of deiodinases), populations adapted to short wavelength light in clear lakes have lower TH levels than ones inhabiting turbid lakes enriched in long-wavelength light. We experimentally manipulated TH levels by exposing two-week-old Midas cichlids to exogenous TH or a TH-inhibitor and measured opsin gene expression and chromophore usage (via cyp27c1 expression). Whereas exogenous TH induces long-wavelength sensitivity by changing opsin gene expression and chromophore usage in a concerted manner, TH-inhibited fish exhibit a visual phenotype with sensitivities shifted to shorter-wavelengths. Tinkering with TH levels in eyes results in concerted phenotypic changes that can provide a rapid mechanism of adaptation to novel light environments. --
Color vision deficiency (CVD)
<p>The <strong>color vision deficiency</strong> dataset is designed to train and evaluate a deep neural network for image recoloring aimed at compensating for color vision deficiencies, specifically protanopia and deuteranopia. The dataset contains two types of images:</p> <ol> <li><strong>Natural Scene Images</strong>: These are photographs of real-world scenes, filtered to include images with colors that are confusing or difficult to distinguish for individuals with color vision deficiencies.</li> <li><strong>Artificial Images</strong>: These are generated images that feature color pairs specifically known to be confusing for those with protanopia and deuteranopia. The images are created by selecting color pairs from the RGB space and generating patterns designed to highlight these confusing colors.</li> </ol> <p>This dataset is used to train a neural network, employing the Swin transformer architecture, to enhance contrast and maintain naturalness in images for individuals with these types of color vision deficiencies</p>
Data from: Thyroid hormone tinkering elicits integrated phenotypic changes potentially explaining rapid adaptation of color vision in cichlid fish
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Data from: Light environment drives evolution of color vision genes in butterflies and moths
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Data from: Asymmetric distribution of color-opponent response types across mouse visual cortex supports superior color vision in the sky
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Data from: Sex-linked gene traffic underlies the acquisition of sexually dimorphic UV color vision in Heliconius butterflies
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Diet variation driven by color vision phenotype in wild capuchin monkeys
<p>The polymorphic color vision of platyrrhine monkeys is a fascinating example of balancing selection acting on multiple genetic and phenotypic morphs. Yet, the mechanism of natural selection maintaining this variation remains elusive. Past research has demonstrated task-specific foraging advantages to dichromatic (two-opsin vision, red-green colorblind) and trichromatic (three-opsin vision, human "normal") monkeys, raising the potential for dietary niche differentiation. We ask whether color vision type influences diet variation in a population of wild, white-faced capuchins (<i>Cebus imitator</i>) in Costa Rica. To assess this, we record food intake during simultaneous focal follows of adult female dichromats and trichromats, and classify the conspicuity of diet items in capuchin visual space. We assess the degree of dietary and nutritional niche overlap during periods of high and low fruit abundance using nutritional geometry and Pianka's index. We find that in months of high fruit abundance, trichromats have higher intake of conspicuously-colored fruits, while dichromats have higher intake of camouflaged invertebrates, resulting in lower niche overlap. These differences disappear in months of low habitat-wide fruit abundance, a time when overall dietary breadth collapses. Our results support the hypothesis that niche differentiation in diet contributes to maintaining color vision variation without compromising species-specific nutritional intake.</p>
Testing the niche differentiation hypothesis in wild capuchin monkeys with polymorphic color vision
<p>The polymorphic color vision system of most North, Central, and South American monkeys is a textbook case of balancing selection, yet the mechanism behind it is poorly understood. Previous work has established task-specific foraging advantages to different color vision phenotypes: dichromats (red-green colorblind) are more efficient foraging for invertebrates, while trichromats (color "normal" relative to humans) are more efficient foraging for "reddish" ripe fruit, suggesting that niche differentiation may underlie the maintenance of color vision variation. We explore a prediction of the niche differentiation hypothesis by asking whether dichromatic and trichromatic capuchin monkeys (<i>Cebus imitator</i>) diverge in their foraging activity budget, specifically testing whether dichromats forage more frequently for invertebrates and trichromats forage more frequently for "reddish" ripe fruit. To assess this, we analyze a large dataset of behavioral scan samples (n = 21,984) from 48 wild adult female capuchins of known color vision genotype, dominance rank and reproductive status, together with models of food conspicuity. We find no significant differences between dichromats and trichromats in the frequency of scans spent foraging for different food types but do find that nursing females forage less overall than cycling females. Our results suggest that the potential for color vision-based niche differentiation in foraging time may be curtailed by the energetic requirements of reproduction, behavioral synchrony caused by group-living, and/or individual preferences. While niche differentiation in activity budgets by color vision type is not apparent, fine-scale niche differentiation may be occurring. This research enhances our understanding of the evolutionary processes maintaining sensory polymorphisms.</p>
Data from: Beauty in the eyes of the beholders: color vision is tuned to mate preference in the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata)
A broad range of animals use visual signals to assess potential mates, and the theory of sensory exploitation suggests variation in visual systems drives mate preference variation due to sensory bias. Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata), a classic system for studies of the evolution of female mate choice, provide a unique opportunity to test this theory by looking for co-variation in visual tuning, light environment, and mate preferences. Female preference co-evolves with male coloration, such that guppy females from 'low predation' environments have stronger preferences for males with more orange/red coloration than do females from 'high predation' environments. Here we show that color vision also varies across populations, with 'low' predation guppies investing more of their color vision to detect red/orange coloration. In independently colonized watersheds, guppies expressed higher levels of both LWS-1 and LWS-3 (the most abundant LWS opsins) in 'low predation' populations than 'high predation' populations at a time that corresponds to differences in cone cell abundance. We also observed that the frequency of a coding polymorphism differed between high and low predation populations. Together this shows that the variation underlying preference could be explained by simple changes in expression and coding of opsins, providing important candidate genes to investigate the genetic basis of variation in this model system.
Data from: Color vision varies more among populations than among species of live-bearing fish from South America
Background: Sensory Bias models for the evolution of mate preference place a great emphasis on the role of sensory system variation in mate preferences. However, the extent to which sensory systems vary across- versus within-species remains largely unknown. Here we assessed whether color vision varies in natural locations where guppies (Poecilia reticulata) and their two closest relatives, Poecilia parae and Poecilia picta, occur in extreme sympatry and school together. All three species base mate preferences on male coloration but differ in the colors preferred. Results: Measuring opsin gene expression, we found that within sympatric locations these species have similar color vision and that color vision differed more across populations of conspecifics. In addition, all three species differ across populations in the frequency of the same opsin coding polymorphism that influences visual tuning. Conclusions: Together, this shows sensory systems vary considerably across populations and supports the possibility that sensory system variation is involved in population divergence of mate preference.
Data from: Using human vision to detect variation in avian coloration: How bad is it?
Assessing variation in animal coloration is difficult as animals differ in their visual system properties. This has led some to propose that human vision can never be used to evaluate coloration, yet many studies have a long history of relying on human vision. To reconcile these views, we compared the reflectance spectra of preserved avian plumage elements with two measures that are humans biased: RGB values from digital photographs and the corresponding reflectance spectra from a field guide. We measured 73 plumage elements across 14 bird species. The field guide reflectance spectra were drastically different from that of the actual birds, particularly for blue elements. However, principal components analyses on all three data sets indicated remarkably similar data structure. We conclude that human vision can detect much of the variation in coloration in the visible range, providing fodder for subsequent studies in ecology, evolution, behavior, and visual ecology.
Dataset for "Context effects on the perception of saturation of fruit colors in still-life paintings" by Toscani, Wolf, Gegenfurtner & Braun. Journal of Vision, in press
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Fig. 2 in Review of the firefly visual system (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and evolution of the opsin genes underlying color vision
Fig. 2 Opsin phylogeny; best scoring maximum likelihood tree from 200 replicates (log likelihood: −59449.717677). Bootstrap values based on 1000 replicates over 70 indicated at nodes. Long-wavelength-sensitive
Fig. 1 in Review of the firefly visual system (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) and evolution of the opsin genes underlying color vision
Fig. 1 Top: Summary of known sensitivities for UVS and LWS opsins (from the ERG data) and luciferase color emissions (only fireflies with available ERG and emission data are included). Bottom: Visual spectrum (in nm). White bars indicate UV and LW sensitivities based on available ERG data for fireflies in top; black bar indicates luciferase emission spectrum from top
Color Vision as a Measure for Inherited Retinal Diseases
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01878032. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Impact of Color Correcting Lenses on Color Vision Deficiency
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05463016. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 9.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.