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8 results for “Common murre”
Exceptional variation in the appearance of Common Murre eggs reveals their potential as identity signals
<p>We studied the ground colors and maculations of 161 Common Murre (Uria aalge) eggs laid by 43 females in 3 small breeding groups on the cliffs of Skomer Island, Wales, in 2016–2018. Both the colors and maculations varied much more among than within females, providing quantitative evidence for the egg traits that might facilitate the parents' ability to identify their own eggs on the crowded breeding ledges where the density is typically ~20 eggs m–2. Ground colors had a trimodal distribution of hue values (whitish to pale brown, pale blue, or vivid blue-green) and maculations ranged from none to complex squiggles and blotches. The eggs laid by each female in different years were similar to one another, and replacement eggs laid by females within years were also more similar to their first egg than to other eggs in the same breeding group. Egg appearance did not differ among the 3 breeding groups that we studied. Our findings thus support anecdotal observations that, within and between years, female Common Murres lay eggs that have similar ground colors and maculations. We do not, however, find evidence that there is much difference among the eggs laid in different parts of a colony.</p>
Рис. 4. РаспреΑеΛение чистиковых птиц (А — тонкокΛювая и тоΛстокΛювая кайры, Б — боΛьшая конюга, В — конюга-крошка, Г — топорок) в Охотском море и сопреΑеΛьных воΑах Тихого океана и Японского моря по резуΛьтатам суΑовых учетов в февраΛе — мае 2020 г. (особей/км2 на 10-минутных трансектах). СпΛошными Λиниями показаны учетные трансекты, пунктиром — 200-метровая изобата Fig. 4. Distribution of alcids — (А) common and thick-billed murres, (Б) crested auklet, (В) least auklet, (Г) tufted puffin — in the Sea of Okhotsk and adjacent waters of the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan in February–May 2020 (birds/km2 on 10-minute transects). Solid lines indicate transects, dotted line indicates a 200 m isobath in Population of seabirds in the Sea of Okhotsk and adjacent waters of the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan during the winter-spring period of 2020
Рис. 4. РаспреΑеΛение чистиковых птиц (А — тонкокΛювая и тоΛстокΛювая кайры, Б — боΛьшая конюга, В — конюга-крошка, Г — топорок) в Охотском море и сопреΑеΛьных воΑах Тихого океана и Японского моря по резуΛьтатам суΑовых учетов в февраΛе — мае 2020 г. (особей/км2 на 10-минутных трансектах). СпΛошными Λиниями показаны учетные трансекты, пунктиром — 200-метровая изобата Fig. 4. Distribution of alcids — (А) common and thick-billed murres, (Б) crested auklet, (В) least auklet, (Г) tufted puffin — in the Sea of Okhotsk and adjacent waters of the Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan in February–May 2020 (birds/km2 on 10-minute transects). Solid lines indicate transects, dotted line indicates a 200 m isobath
Exceptional variation in the appearance of Common Murre eggs reveals their potential as identity signals
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Data from: The chemical basis of a signal of individual identity: Shell pigment concentrations track the unique appearance of Common Murre eggs
In group-living species with parental care, the accurate recognition of one's own young is critical to fitness. Because discriminating offspring within a large colonial group may be challenging, progeny of colonial breeders often display familial or individual identity signals to elicit and receive costly parental provisions from their own parents. For instance, the Common Murre (or Common Guillemot: Uria aalge) is a colonially breeding seabird that does not build a nest and lays and incubates an egg with an individually unique appearance. How the shell's physical and chemical properties generate this individual variability in coloration and maculation has not been studied in detail. Here, we quantified two characteristics of the avian-visible appearance of murre eggshells collected from the wild: background coloration spectra and maculation density. As predicted by the individual identity hypothesis, there was no statistical relationship between avian-perceivable shell background coloration and maculation density within the same eggs. In turn, variation in both sets of traits was statistically related to some of their physico-chemical properties, including shell thickness and concentrations of the eggshell pigments biliverdin and protoporphyrin IX. These results illustrate how individually unique eggshell appearances, suitable for identity signaling, can be generated by a small number of structural mechanisms.
Data from: The pyriform egg of the Common Murre (Uria aalge) is more stable on sloping surfaces
The adaptive significance of avian egg shape is a long-standing problem in biology. For many years, it was widely believed that the pyriform shape of the Common Murre (Uria aalge) egg allowed it to either "spin like a top" or "roll in an arc," thereby reducing its risk of rolling off the breeding ledge. There is no evidence in support of either mechanism. Two recent alternative hypotheses suggest that a pyriform egg confers mechanical strength and minimizes the risk of dirt contamination of the blunt end. We present a new hypothesis: that the Common Murre egg's pyriform shape confers stability on the breeding ledge, thus reducing the chance that it will begin to roll. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the stability of Common Murre and Razorbill (Alca torda) eggs of different shapes on slopes of 20°, 30°, and 40° above the horizontal. Common Murre eggs were more stable, and easier to stabilize, than the more elliptical Razorbill eggs. Within Common Murre eggs, more pyriform eggs were more stable. From a fitness perspective, the stability of the Common Murre egg on a slope seems likely to confer an advantage and thus may be a strong force of natural selection favoring the pyriform shape.
Data from: The chemical basis of a signal of individual identity: Shell pigment concentrations track the unique appearance of Common Murre eggs
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Data from: The pyriform egg of the Common Murre (Uria aalge) is more stable on sloping surfaces
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Does perspective matter? A case study comparing Eulerian and Lagrangian estimates of common murre (Uria aalge) distributions
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