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11 results for “Community Competence”
Data from: Species decline under nitrogen fertilization increases community-level competence of fungal diseases
The artificial fertilization of soils can alter the structure of natural plant communities and exacerbate pathogen emergence and transmission. Although the direct effects of fertilization on disease resistance in plants have received some research attention, its indirect effects of altered community structure on the severity of fungal disease infection remain largely uninvestigated. We designed manipulation experiments in natural assemblages of Tibetan alpine meadow vegetation along a nitrogen-fertilization gradient over 5 years to compare the relative importance of direct and indirect effects of fertilization on foliar fungal infections at the community level. We found that species with lower proneness to pathogens were more likely to be extirpated following fertilization, such that community-level competence of disease, and thus community pathogen load, increased with the intensity of fertilization. The amount of nitrogen added (direct effect) and community disease competence (indirect effect) provided the most parsimonious combination of parameters explaining the variation in disease severity. Our experiment provides a mechanistic explanation for the dilution effect in fertilized, natural assemblages in a highly specific pathogen–host system, and thus insights into the consequences of human ecosystem modifications on the dynamics of infectious diseases.
Beyond single host, single parasite interactions: quantifying competence for complete multi-host, multi-parasite communities
<p>Understanding parasite transmission in communities requires knowledge of each species' capacity to support transmission. This property, "competence", is a critical currency for modeling transmission under community change and for testing diversity-disease theory. Despite the central role of competence in disease ecology, we lack a clear understanding of the factors that generate competence and drive its variation.</p> <p>We developed novel conceptual and quantitative approaches to systematically quantify competence for a multi-host, multi-parasite community. We applied our framework to an extensive dataset: five amphibian host species exposed to four parasitic trematode species across five ecologically realistic exposure doses. Together, this experimental design captured twenty host-parasite interactions while integrating important information on variation in parasite exposure. Using experimental infection assays, we measured multiple components of the infection process and combined them to produce competence estimates for each interaction.</p> <p>With directly estimated competence values, we asked which components of the infection process best explained variation in competence: barrier resistance (the initial fraction of administered parasites blocked from infecting a host), internal clearance (the fraction of established parasites lost over time) or pre-transmission mortality (the probability of host death prior to transmission). We found that variation in competence among the twenty interactions was best explained by differences in barrier resistance and pre-transmission mortality, underscoring the importance of host resistance and parasite pathogenicity in shaping competence.</p> <p>We also produced dose-integrated estimates of competence that incorporated natural variation in exposure to address questions on the basis and extent of variation in competence. We found strong signals that host species identity shaped competence variation (as opposed to parasite species identity). While variation in infection outcomes across hosts, parasites, individuals, and doses was considerable, individual heterogeneity was limited compared to among-species differences. This finding highlights the robustness of our competence estimates and suggests that species-level values may be strong predictors for community-level transmission in natural systems.</p> <p>Competence emerges from distinct underlying processes and can have strong species-level characteristics; thus, this property has great potential for linking mechanisms of infection to epidemiological patterns.</p>
Skills and Competency Framework for Research Community Managers (Figure)
<p><strong><span>Figure 3: RCM Skills and Competency Framework: </span></strong><span>This figure illustrates a framework comprising five overarching competencies, described with 13 skills each. A total of 65 skills are categorised into core competencies in communications and engagement, and peripheral competencies in strategic contributions, technical skills, and accountability. </span></p>
Competency-based Approaches to Community Health
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03141151. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Beyond single host, single parasite interactions: quantifying competence for complete multi-host, multi-parasite communities
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Data from: Species decline under nitrogen fertilization increases community-level competence of fungal diseases
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Data from: Population density, not host competence, drives patterns of disease in an invaded community
Generalist parasites can strongly influence interactions between native and invasive species. Host competence can be used to predict how an invasive species will affect community disease dynamics; the addition of a highly competent, invasive host is predicted to increase disease. However, densities of invasive and native species can also influence the impacts of invasive species on community disease dynamics. We examined whether information on host competence alone could be used to accurately predict the effects of an invasive host on disease in native hosts. We first characterized the relative competence of an invasive species and a native host species to a native parasite. Next, we manipulated species composition in mesocosms and found that host competence results did not accurately predict community dynamics. While the invasive host was more competent than the native, the presence of the native (lower competence) host increased disease in the invasive (higher competence) host. To identify potential mechanisms driving these patterns, we analyzed a two-host, one-parasite model parameterized for our system. Our results demonstrate that patterns of disease were primarily driven by relative population densities, mediated by asymmetry in intra- and interspecific competition. Thus, information on host competence alone may not accurately predict how an invasive species will influence disease in native species.
Paediatric Chronic Tracheostomy Care: An Evaluation of an Innovative Competency-based Education Program for Community Health Care Providers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04559932. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Comparative Effectiveness Research to Improve the Health of Sexual and Gender Minority Patients Through Cultural Competence and Skill Training of Community Health Center Providers and Non-clinical Sta
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03554785. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Data from: Population density, not host competence, drives patterns of disease in an invaded community
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Competency Based Approaches for Community Health 2
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04971044. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.