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57 results for “Comparative Physiology”
Supplementary datasets, data analysis code, and R tutorials for: Phylogenetic analysis of adaptation in comparative physiology and biomechanics: overview and a case study of thermal physiology in treefrogs
<p>Comparative phylogenetic studies of adaptation are uncommon in biomechanics and physiology. Such studies require collecting data from many species, a challenge when data collection is experimentally intensive. Moreover, researchers struggle to employ the most biologically appropriate phylogenetic tools for identifying adaptive evolution. Here, we detail an established but greatly underutilized phylogenetic comparative framework—the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process—that explicitly models long-term adaptation. We discuss challenges in implementing and interpreting the model, and we outline potential solutions. We demonstrate use of the model through studying the evolution of thermal physiology in treefrogs. Frogs of the family Hylidae have twice colonized the temperate zone from the tropics, and such colonization likely involved a fundamental change in physiology due to colder and more seasonal temperatures. However, which traits changed to allow colonization is unclear. We measured cold-temperature tolerance and characterized thermal performance curves in jumping for twelve species of treefrogs distributed from the Neotropics to temperate North America. We then conducted phylogenetic comparative analyses to examine how tolerances and performance curves evolved and to test whether that evolution was adaptive. We found that tolerance to low temperatures increased with the transition to the temperate zone. In contrast, jumping well at colder temperatures was unrelated to biogeography and thus did not adapt during dispersal. Overall, our paper shows how comparative phylogenetic methods can be leveraged in biomechanics and physiology to test the evolutionary drivers of variation among species.</p>
Comparative physiology of canopy tree leaves in evergreen and deciduous forests in lowland Thailand
<p><span>Three major forest types in lowland Thailand and its adjacent parts in Southeast Asia are mixed deciduous forest (MDF), dry dipterocarp forest (DDF) and dry evergreen forest (DEF). We report the leaf physiology of canopy trees in these forests. The leaf mass-based photosynthetic rates (<em>A</em><sub>max</sub>), stomatal conductance (<em>G</em><sub>max</sub>) and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency were significantly different between the deciduous forests (MDF and DDF) and the evergreen forest (DEF). The canopy trees of MDF with thick, eutrophic soils had the highest intrinsic water use efficiency (<em>A</em><sub>max</sub>/<em>G</em><sub>max</sub>) among the forest types. Forest-to-forest variations in leaf mass area were related to different nutrient use strategies (less vs. more conservative) associated with different soil nutrients rather than with leaf phenology/longevity. In the interspecific variations within each forest, <em>A</em><sub>max</sub> in MDF and DEF was limited by foliar phosphate, whereas that in DDF was limited by foliar nitrogen. The close association between leaf physiology and soil properties suggests that climate change and increasing human impacts will disrupt this association, leading to forest degradation and dysfunction.</span></p>
Comparative physiology of canopy tree leaves in evergreen and deciduous forests in lowland Thailand
<p>The major forest types in lowland Thailand and its adjacent parts in Southeast Asia with the distinct dry season are the mixed deciduous forest (MDF), dry dipterocarp forest (DDF) and dry evergreen forest (DEF). We report the first comprehensive data set in leaf physiology of canopy trees in these three forest types and clarify adaptive functional differences of woody plants among three forests. Unlike temperate forests, the forest variations in leaf mass per area (LMA) were related to nutrient use strategies (less vs. more conservative) associated with soil nutrients rather than with leaf phenology (evergreen vs. deciduous). In the interspecific variations within each forest, <em>A<sub>max</sub></em> in MDF and DEF was limited by foliar phosphate, whereas that in DDF was limited by foliar nitrogen. The close association between leaf physiology and soil properties suggests that climate change and increasing human impacts will disrupt this association, leading to forest degradation and dysfunction.</p>
Comparative physiology of canopy tree leaves in evergreen and deciduous forests in lowland Thailand
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Comparative physiology of canopy tree leaves in evergreen and deciduous forests in lowland Thailand
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Supplementary datasets, data analysis code, and R tutorials for: Phylogenetic analysis of adaptation in comparative physiology and biomechanics: overview and a case study of thermal physiology in treefrogs
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Data from: Life on the edge: a comparative study of eco-physiological adaptations of frogs to tropical semiarid environments
A key goal of ecology and evolution is to understand the relative contributions of environment and history in determining the geographic distribution of organisms. For the Neotropical lowlands, where temperatures are similar across landscapes, we hypothesize that water balance may be a critical but understudied factor in determining the distribution of species. Amphibians are especially sensitive to variation in precipitation due to their permeable skin. Here we focused on lowland frogs of north-western South America and investigated variation among 17 species in potentially important ecologically relevant performance variables related to water balance, and tested for possible adaptations to semiarid conditions within species. We studied frogs from coastal xeric, savannah and wet forest biomes under common laboratory conditions and quantified rates of evaporative water loss, rates of water uptake, and variation in water-searching behavior and performance. We found significant differences in all three performance variables among species, even after accounting for shared evolutionary history. A phylogenetic ANCOVA showed that categorizing species by ecological habits (terrestrial vs. arboreal) explained much of the eco-performance trait variation among species. Secondarily, environment explained additional variation, e.g., coastal xeric species showed reduced rates of water loss and terrestrial savannah amphibians showed lower rates of water uptake. Conspecific frog populations from different biomes exhibited similar performance. We compare our results with previous studies and conclude that ecological habit is the principle factor that predicts eco-physiological trait variation and the possible geographic distribution of lowland Neotropical frogs.
Fig. 5 in Comparative evaluation of coelomocytes in Paracentrotus sea urchins: Description of new cell types and insights on spherulocyte maturation and sea urchin physiology
Fig. 5. Diameter of spherules in live spherulocytes in Paracentrotus sea urchins. Different letters indicate significant differences (p <0.05) among cell types in two-way ANOVA analyses. Error bars represent the standard deviation of the mean.
Fig. 7 in Comparative evaluation of coelomocytes in Paracentrotus sea urchins: Description of new cell types and insights on spherulocyte maturation and sea urchin physiology
Fig. 7. Spherule diameter of stained red spherulocytes in Paracentrotus sea urchins. A and B – Pearson correlation between nucleus diameter and spherule diameter in P. gaimardi and P. lividus respectively. C – Comparison of spherule diameter in different morphotypes (M1 to M3) P. gaimardi and P. lividus. Capital letters – P. gaimardi, Small letters – P. lividus. Distinct letters show significant differences among morphotypes (p <0.05).
Fig. 2 in Comparative evaluation of coelomocytes in Paracentrotus sea urchins: Description of new cell types and insights on spherulocyte maturation and sea urchin physiology
Fig. 2. Scanning electron microscopy of mature coelomocytes in Paracentrotus sea urchins. A-F – coelomocytes of P. gaimardi; G-L – coelomocytes of P. lividus. A and G – Phagocyte; B and H – Vibratile cell; C – Crystal cell; I – Progenitor cell; D and J – Red spherulocyte; D inset – Typical mature Red spherulocyte; E and K – Colorless spherulocyte; F and L – Granular spherulocyte. Arrowhead = Flagellum; Asterisk = nucleus. Scale: A = 10 μm; B-L = 5 μm.
Fig. 6 in Comparative evaluation of coelomocytes in Paracentrotus sea urchins: Description of new cell types and insights on spherulocyte maturation and sea urchin physiology
Fig. 6. Morphometry of different morphotypes (M1 to M3) of spherulocytes in Paracentrotus sea urchins. A, D, and G – Nucleus diameter; B, E, and H – Cytoplasm diameter; C, F, and I – Nucleus/Cytoplasm Ratio. Capital letters – P. gaimardi, Small letters – P. lividus. For each parameter, distinct letters show significant differences among stages (p <0.05), with uppercase to P. gaimardi and lowercase to P. lividus. Asterisk (*) shows significant differences between species (p <0.05). Legend: N/C ratio = Nucleus/Cytoplasm Ratio.
Fig. 1 in Comparative evaluation of coelomocytes in Paracentrotus sea urchins: Description of new cell types and insights on spherulocyte maturation and sea urchin physiology
Fig. 1. Live and stained mature coelomocytes in Paracentrotus sea urchins. A-L – coelomocytes of P. gaimardi; M-X – coelomocytes of P. lividus. A, G, M, and S – Phagocytes; B, H, N, and T – Vibratile cell; C and I – Crystal cell; O and U – Progenitor cell; D, J, P, and V – Red spherulocyte; E, K, Q, and W – Colorless spherulocyte; F, L, R, and X – Granular spherulocyte. Columns A-F and M-R – Live cells; Columns G-L and S-X – Stained cells; A-B and D-F – Differential interference contrast; C and M-R – Light microscopy; G, J-L, S, V inset, W and X – Mallory's trichrome; H–I, T-V, and X Inset – Toluidine blue. Black arrowhead = Flagellum; white arrowhead = crystalloid; Arrow = nucleus. Scale: A-X = 10 μm; Insets = 5 μm. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
The PIONEER-IV Study is Comparing Clinical Outcomes Between Angiography-derived Physiology Guidance to Usual Care in an All-comers PCI Population With Unrestrictive Use of the HT Supreme Sirolimus-elu
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04923191. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 5. Publications: 2.
Assessment of Physiological Parameters Measurements (Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate, and Oxygen Saturation) by Standard Acquisition System Compared Remote Photoplethysmography Imaging System l
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04660318. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
CONTRAST (Can cONTrast Injection Better Approximate FFR compAred to Pure reSTing Physiology?)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02184117. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 9. Publications: 15.
Physiological Responses to Exercise Tests in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Compared With Healthy Individuals
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05712798. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Comparative Study of Physiological and Cerebrovascular Reactivity in Depression, at the Three Phases of Emotion
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02026622. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Life on the edge: a comparative study of eco-physiological adaptations of frogs to tropical semiarid environments
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Comparative effects of two different aluminum nanoparticle formulations on the histological and physiological aspects of Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) as a model
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A Comparative Evaluation of Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II Score to Predict 30-day Mortality in Geriatric Patients Above 60 Years U
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06598566. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.