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29 results for “Component Selection”
Dataset: An Analytic Hierarchy Process-Based Multicriteria Model for Component Selection in a Computational Numerical Control (CNC) Machine
<p><i><strong>"An Analytic Hierarchy Process-Based Multicriteria Model for Component Selection in a Computational Numerical Control (CNC) Machine"</strong></i></p><p><i>CHILECON 2023 - </i><a href="https://site.ieee.org/chilesur/ieee-chilecon-2023/"><i>https://site.ieee.org/chilesur/ieee-chilecon-2023/</i></a><i> </i></p><p>---</p><p>En el marco del trabajo de referencia, los autores ponemos a disposición de los lectores la base de datos utilizada para el proceso de toma de decisión multicriterio para la selección del software y del MCU de una maquina CNC. </p><p>En el repositorio podrán encontrar los datos referentes a los criterios, subcriterios, indicadores, datos, fuentes de los datos extraídos, política de decisión, cálculos de las evaluaciones de los modelos AHP aplicados y el análisis de sensibilidad de estos. Además, podrán encontrar las gráficas utilizadas en el estudio en la mejor calidad posible. </p><p>El material fue puesto a disposición de todos los interesados para fines académicos y científicos. </p><p>Atte. </p><p>Los autores. </p><p>---</p>
Data from: Genome-wide selection components analysis in a fish with male pregnancy
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Predator-based selection and the impact of edge sympatry on components of coral snake mimicry
<p>Mimicry is a vivid example of how predator-driven selection can impact phenotypic diversity, which itself can be influenced by the presence (sympatry) or absence (allopatry) of a dangerous model. However, the impact of sympatry and allopatry on predation on mimicry systems at fine spatial scales (e.g., edge sympatry, allopatry) is not well understood. We used a clay model study in a montane tropical site in Honduras to test the impact of edge sympatry on 1) overall attack rates, 2) the fitness benefit of mimetic coloration, 3) predation on specific mimetic signal components, and 4) temporal variation in predator-based selection on mimicry components. Unlike previous research, we found that mimetic phenotypes received significantly more attacks than cryptic replicas in edge sympatry, suggesting that mimetic phenotypes might not confer a fitness benefit in areas of edge sympatry. Additionally, we documented temporal variation in predator-based selection, as the impacts of allopatry on predatory attacks varied among years. Our results imply that the effect of sympatry and allopatry on predator-based selection in mimicry systems may be more complex than previously thought for species-rich assemblies of coral snakes and their mimics in the montane tropics.</p>
Datasets for the Results of Scratch Tests of Green Wood and Results of Scratch Tests of Timber Components (D2.1) and Output Database for Selected Wood Parts and Timber Components: Moisture Contents and Temperatures, Moisture Induced Strains and Stresses and Crack Risk (D2.2) of 5G-TIMBER EU Project
<p>7 June 2024: added D2.2_data_statistics.zip and D2.2_analysis_results.zip, which are the datasets for D2.2 "<span>Output Database for Selected Wood Parts and Timber Components: Moisture Contents and Temperatures, Moisture Induced Strains and Stresses and Crack Risk" of the Horizon Europe Innovation Action project "5G-TIMBER: Secure 5G-Enabled Twin Transition for Europe's TIMBER Industry Sector" (project reference: 101058505).</span></p> <p>D2.2 presents the Hygro-Thermo-Mechanical (HTM) models and the finite element (FE) analyses of selected wooden components that use the material properties of wood presented in deliverable D2.1 "Input database for selected wood parts and timber components: material properties, representative environmental conditions,<br>and loads" (see below). </p> <p>------</p> <p>Figures_22_23_24_25.xlsx : Results of Scratch Tests of Green Wood</p> <p>corrected_Figures_26_27_28_29_30.xlsx : Results of results of Scratch Tests of Timber Components (new version, uploaded on 26 October 2023)</p> <p>This dataset consists of 2 Excel files that correspond to the scratch test results reported in the deliverable D2.1 "Input Database for Selected Wood Parts and Timber Components: Material Properties, Representative Environmental Conditions and Loads" of the Horizon Europe Innovation Action project "5G-TIMBER: Secure 5G-Enabled Twin Transition for Europe's TIMBER Industry Sector" (project reference: 101058505).</p> <p>The purpose of D2.1, to which this dataset is related, is to present the input data needed for the Hygro-Thermo-Mechanical (HTM) models and the related finite element (FE) analyses planned for a follow-up deliverable, i.e., the D2.2. (Output Database for Selected Wood Parts and Timber Components: Moisture Contents and Temperatures, Moisture Induced Strains And Stresses And Crack Risk). The data include the material properties for green wood and selected wooden components, as well as the plans to collect environmental conditions and loads to be considered in the analyses for prediction of the crack risk of timber components under moisture variations. In additions, new results of scratch tests of wood and wooden components, supported by computed tomography (CT) investigations, are collected to define a model for shear failure risk to be added to the HTM computational models.</p> <p>In D2.1, scratch tests carried out at VTT are described and their results are collected to provide information about the moisture effects of wood logs during cutting operations in sawmills, as well as on relevant fracture and shear properties for wooden components in sawing centres before using them to produce wooden elements of modular buildings in the production. The scratch tests are supported by CT tomography investigations and these results are also reported in the deliverable.</p> <p>D2.1 is available here: <a title="Deliverable D2.1 "Input Database for Selected Wood Parts and Timber Components: Material Properties, Representative Environmental Conditions and Loads" " href="../records/10577505" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10577505</a> </p>
Detecting frequency-dependent selection through the effects of genotype similarity on fitness components
<p>Frequency-dependent selection (FDS) is an evolutionary regime that can maintain or reduce polymorphisms. Despite the increasing availability of polymorphism data, few effective methods are available for estimating the gradient of FDS from the observed fitness components. We modeled the effects of genotype similarity on individual fitness to develop a selection gradient analysis of FDS. This modeling enabled us to estimate FDS by regressing fitness components on the genotype similarity among individuals. We detected known negative FDS on the visible polymorphism in a wild <em>Arabidopsis</em> and damselfly by applying this analysis to single-locus data. Further, we simulated genome-wide polymorphisms and fitness components to modify the single-locus analysis as a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The simulation showed that negative or positive FDS could be distinguished through the estimated effects of genotype similarity on simulated fitness. Moreover, we conducted the GWAS of the reproductive branch number in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> and found that negative FDS was enriched among the top-associated polymorphisms of FDS. These results showed the potential applicability of the proposed method for FDS on both visible polymorphism and genome-wide polymorphisms. Overall, our study provides an effective method for selection gradient analysis to understand the maintenance or loss of polymorphism.</p>
Predator-based selection and the impact of edge sympatry on components of coral snake mimicry
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Detecting frequency-dependent selection through the effects of genotype similarity on fitness components
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Data from: The repeatable opportunity for selection differs between pre- and post-copulatory fitness components
<p>In species with multiple mating, intense sexual selection may occur both before and after copulation. However, comparing the strength of pre- and postcopulatory selection is challenging, because i) postcopulatory processes are generally difficult to observe and ii) the often-used opportunity for selection (<i>I</i>) metric contains both deterministic and stochastic components. Here, we quantified pre- and postcopulatory male fitness components of the simultaneously hermaphroditic flatworm, <i>Macrostomum lignano</i>. We did this by tracking fluorescent sperm—using transgenics—through the transparent body of sperm recipients, enabling to observe postcopulatory processes <i>in vivo</i>. Moreover, we sequentially exposed focal worms to three independent mating groups, and in each assessed their mating success, sperm-transfer efficiency, sperm fertilising efficiency, and partner fecundity. Based on these multiple measures, we could, for each fitness component, combine the variance (<i>I</i>) with the repeatability (<i>R</i>) in individual success to assess the amount of repeatable variance in individual success—a measure we call the repeatable opportunity for selection (<i>I<sub>R</sub></i>). We found higher repeatable opportunity for selection in sperm-transfer efficiency and sperm fertilising efficiency compared to mating success, which clearly suggests that postcopulatory selection is stronger than precopulatory selection. Our study demonstrates that the opportunity for selection contains a repeatable deterministic component, which can be assessed and disentangled from the often large stochastic component, to provide a better estimate of the strength of selection.</p>
The repeatable opportunity for selection differs between pre- and postcopulatory fitness components
<p>Mating movies and sperm movies of the flatworm <em>Macrostomum lignano</em> supporting the article "The repeatable opportunity for selection differs between pre- and postcopulatory fitness components" published in Evolution Letters.</p>
Data from: The repeatable opportunity for selection differs between pre- and post-copulatory fitness components
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Data from: Identifying signatures of sexual selection using genomewide selection components analysis
Sexual selection must affect the genome for it to have an evolutionary impact, yet signatures of selection remain elusive. Here we use an individual-based model to investigate the utility of genome-wide selection components analysis, which compares allele frequencies of individuals at different life history stages within a single population to detect selection without requiring a priori knowledge of traits under selection. We modeled a diploid, sexually reproducing population and introduced strong mate choice on a quantitative trait to simulate sexual selection. Genome-wide allele frequencies in adults and offspring were compared using weighted FST values. The average number of outlier peaks (i.e., those with significantly large FST values) with a quantitative trait locus in close proximity ("real" peaks) represented correct diagnoses of loci under selection, whereas peaks above the FST significance threshold without a quantitative trait locus reflected spurious peaks. We found that, even with moderate sample sizes, signatures of strong sexual selection were detectable, but larger sample sizes improved detection rates. The model was better able to detect selection with more neutral markers, and when quantitative trait loci and neutral markers were distributed across multiple chromosomes. Although environmental variation decreased detection rates, the identification of real peaks nevertheless remained feasible. We also found that detection rates can be improved by sampling multiple populations experiencing similar selection regimes. In short, genome-wide selection components analysis is a challenging but feasible approach for the identification of regions of the genome under selection.
Data from: Detecting genomic signatures of natural selection with principal component analysis: application to the 1000 Genomes data
To characterize natural selection, various analytical methods for detecting candidate genomic regions have been developed. We propose to perform genome-wide scans of natural selection using principal component analysis (PCA). We show that the common FST index of genetic differentiation between populations can be viewed as the proportion of variance explained by the principal components. Considering the correlations between genetic variants and each principal component provides a conceptual framework to detect genetic variants involved in local adaptation without any prior definition of populations. To validate the PCA-based approach, we consider the 1000 Genomes data (phase 1) considering 850 individuals coming from Africa, Asia, and Europe. The number of genetic variants is of the order of 36 millions obtained with a low-coverage sequencing depth (3×). The correlations between genetic variation and each principal component provide well-known targets for positive selection (EDAR, SLC24A5, SLC45A2, DARC), and also new candidate genes (APPBPP2, TP1A1, RTTN, KCNMA, MYO5C) and noncoding RNAs. In addition to identifying genes involved in biological adaptation, we identify two biological pathways involved in polygenic adaptation that are related to the innate immune system (beta defensins) and to lipid metabolism (fatty acid omega oxidation). An additional analysis of European data shows that a genome scan based on PCA retrieves classical examples of local adaptation even when there are no well-defined populations. PCA-based statistics, implemented in the PCAdapt R package and the PCAdapt fast open-source software, retrieve well-known signals of human adaptation, which is encouraging for future whole-genome sequencing project, especially when defining populations is difficult.
FIGURE 6. Principal component analysis of the nine call measurements for various species selections. A: all small Anthus species except A. cervinus; B: two types of calls of A. r. rubescens and A. [r.] japonicus. C: only common-type calls of A. r. rubescens and A. [r.] japonicus; D: A. petrosus and different A. spinoletta subspecies; E: A. petrosus and A. s. spinoletta. in --Molecular--and--acoustic--evidence--support--the--species--status--of--Anthus rubescens rubescens and--Anthus [rubescens] japonicus--(Passeriformes:--Motacillidae)
FIGURE 6. Principal component analysis of the nine call measurements for various species selections. A: all small Anthus species except A. cervinus; B: two types of calls of A. r. rubescens and A. [r.] japonicus. C: only common-type calls of A. r. rubescens and A. [r.] japonicus; D: A. petrosus and different A. spinoletta subspecies; E: A. petrosus and A. s. spinoletta.
Neuromuscular Training on Handball Players Selected Physical Fitness Components, Functional Movement and Handball Skills
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05658978. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Data from: Identifying signatures of sexual selection using genomewide selection components analysis
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Data from: Detecting genomic signatures of natural selection with principal component analysis: application to the 1000 Genomes data
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Data for: Immigration counter-acts local micro-evolution of a major fitness component: migration-selection balance in free-living song sparrows
<p>Ongoing adaptive evolution, and resulting 'evolutionary rescue' of declining populations, requires additive genetic variation in fitness. Such variation can be increased by gene flow resulting from immigration, potentially facilitating evolution. But, gene flow could in fact constrain rather than facilitate local adaptive evolution if immigrants have low additive genetic values for local fitness. Local migration-selection balance and micro-evolutionary stasis could then result. However, key quantitative genetic effects of natural immigration, comprising the degrees to which gene flow increases the total local additive genetic variance yet counter-acts local adaptive evolutionary change, have not been explicitly quantified in wild populations. Key implications of gene flow for population and evolutionary dynamics consequently remain unclear. Our quantitative genetic analyses of long-term data from free-living song sparrows (<i>Melospiza melodia</i>) show that mean breeding value for local juvenile survival to adulthood, a major component of fitness, increased across cohorts more than expected solely due to drift. Such micro-evolutionary change should be expected given non-zero additive genetic variance and consistent directional selection. However, this evolutionary increase was counter-acted by negative additive genetic effects of recent immigrants, which increased total additive genetic variance but prevented a net directional evolutionary increase in total additive genetic value. These analyses imply an approximate quantitative genetic migration-selection balance in a major fitness component, and hence demonstrate a key mechanism by which substantial additive genetic variation can be maintained yet decoupled from local adaptive evolutionary change.</p>
Quinoline conjugated imidazopyridine and pyridopyrimidine synthesis in water as highly selective fluoride sensors via a catalyst-free four-component reaction
<p>Abstract</p> <p>A green and convenient procedure for the synthesis of quinoline-conjugated imidazopyridines and pyridopyrimidines has been developed by a simple one-pot reaction in the absence of any transition metal catalyst in water. This green process can be readily performed by reacting inexpensive starting materials of 2-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde, malononitrile, 1,1-bis(methylthio)-2-nitroethylene, and diamine in aqueous solution. The present synthesis shows attractive characteristics, such as the use of water as reaction media, convenient one-pot operation, and reduced waste production without the use of any base or metal promoters. The products are purified by crystallization from ethanol, and the process does not involve any hazardous solvent. Also, the fluorescence study of these conjugated systems was also considered, which revealed that they have highly selective sensing of fluoride.</p>
Data from: pcadapt: an R package to perform genome scans for selection based on principal component analysis
The R package pcadapt performs genome scans to detect genes under selection based on population genomic data. It assumes that candidate markers are outliers with respect to how they are related to population structure. Because population structure is ascertained with principal component analysis, the package is fast and works with large-scale data. It can handle missing data and pooled sequencing data. By contrast to population-based approaches, the package handle admixed individuals and does not require grouping individuals into populations. Since its first release, pcadapt has evolved in terms of both statistical approach and software implementation. We present results obtained with robust Mahalanobis distance, which is a new statistic for genome scans available in the 2.0 and later versions of the package. When hierarchical population structure occurs, Mahalanobis distance is more powerful than the communality statistic that was implemented in the first version of the package. Using simulated data, we compare pcadapt to other computer programs for genome scans (BayeScan, hapflk, OutFLANK, sNMF). We find that the proportion of false discoveries is around a nominal false discovery rate set at 10% with the exception of BayeScan that generates 40% of false discoveries. We also find that the power of BayeScan is severely impacted by the presence of admixed individuals whereas pcadapt is not impacted. Last, we find that pcadapt and hapflk are the most powerful in scenarios of population divergence and range expansion. Because pcadapt handles next-generation sequencing data, it is a valuable tool for data analysis in molecular ecology.
Data from: An experimental test of the mutation-selection balance model for the maintenance of genetic variance in fitness components
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