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12 results for “Conocrinus”
FIGURE 4 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 4. Different morphologies of stalk synarthries. A–C: Bourgueticrinus-type; D: Conocrinus-type; E-F: Porphyrocrinus-type; A, E-F: from dististele; B-D: from mesistele; A: Zeuctocrinus gisleni, MNHN-IE-2016-743; B, F: Naumachocrinus hawaiiensis, MNHN-IE-2016-744; C: Bathycrinus australis, ZSM-20043081; D: Democrinus japonicus, paratype, ZMC CRI 62; E: Porphyrocrinus verrucosus, NHMUK 2018.2; Naumachocrinus hawaiiensis, MNHN-IE-2016-744.
FIGURE 1 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 1. Main characters used here in our revision of the genus Conocrinus and closely related taxa. A: oblique distal view of the aboral cup and arm articulations (muscular synarthries), B: columnal from the distal mesistele with Conocrinus-type articulation (ligamentary synarthry). A: Democrinus parfaiti, MNHN-IE-2016-747, B: Democrinus sp., MNHN-IE-2016-562; ap: axial plug, cr: interradial crest, fr: fulcral ridge, g: adoral groove, ib: interradial bend of inner side of radials, il: inner ligament area, lp: ligament pit, m: muscle fossae, ol: outer ligament fossae.
FIGURE 12 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 12. Constraints to phylogenetic reconstruction and classification of post-Paleozoic crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk (except Caledonicrinus): second hypothesis. In this hypothesis, B. ellipticus (B.e) and B. fisheri (B.fish) are considered congeneric, Bourgueticrinidae (including Naumachocrinus) remaining within Bourgueticrinina, and Dunnicrinus lineage with B. suedicus (?B.s) + B. ex gr. fisheri of Zitt & Vodrazka (2008) (?B.cf) corresponding to a new family (N.F.?) distant to Bourgueticrinina. For other abbreviations, see Fig. 11.
FIGURE 3 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 3. Knobby processes on primibrachials in some extant taxa. A: Naumachocrinus hawaiiensis, MNHN-IE-2016-745, adoral lateral view of IBr2ax; Monachorinus mortenseni, MNHN-IE-2016-779, adoral lateral view of knobby process on upper IBr1; Rhizocrinus lofotensis, MNHN-IE-2013-1322, adoral lateral view of IBr2. Arrows in A and C point at knobby processes.
FIGURE 7 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 7. Characters of Paraconocrinus n. gen. A–F: Paraconocrinus handiaensis, lower Handia cliff, Biarritz, A–C: holotype, MNHN.F.A69940; D–E: paratype A, MNHN.F.A699641; F: paratype B, MNHN.F.A69942; G–I: Paraconocrinus pellati n. gen., n. sp., holotype, "Rocher du Goulet", Biarritz, UPMC 5109; J–L: columnals attributed to P. handiaensis, lower Handia cliff, MNHN.F.A49934, J: from distal mesistele, K: from median mesistele, L: from dististele. See Figures 1 and 5 for abbreviations.
FIGURE 2 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 2. Main character variation in some extant taxa closely related to Conocrinus. A-C, I: Democrinus japonicus, paratype, ZMC CRI 62; D, K–L: Democrinus parfaiti, MNHN-IE-2016-747; E–F: Conocrinus cherbonnieri, MNHN-IE-2016- 748; G–H: Rhizocrinus lofotensis, MNHN- IE-2013-1322; J: Naumachocrinus hawaiiensis, MNHN-IE-2016-745; A–H: distal view of aboral cup (radial ring); I, K–L: trifacial ligamentary articulations in brachial pairs; I: distal facet of IBr1 (trifascial syzygy); J, L: distal facet of proximal brachial; K: proximal facet of distal brachial.
FIGURE 6 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 6. Copy of the original figure of the holotype of Tormocrinus veronensis Jaekel, 1891. A: lateral view, B: adoral view, C: closeup of muscular synarthry (after Jaekel 1891).
FIGURE 10 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 10. Origin of characters and taxa closely related to Eocene genera. Bathy: presumed bathycrinids, B.: Bourgueticrinus, C: Conocrinus, Ca: Carstenicrinus, De: Democrinus, Pa: Paraconocrinus, Ps: Pseudoconocrinus, *: B. ex gr. fisheri of Zitt & Vodrazka (2008). B-type 1: without or weak ligament depression, B-type 2: with substantial deepening of ligament area, Be: bourgueticrinid cup with markedly erected inner part if muscular areas, R-syzygy: syzygy of radiate crenularium, Tra-syn: transverse synarthry, xxx: presence of the character, ---: presence presumed but not documented. Green box: plesiomorphic character, grey box: unknown, pale-orange box: Carstenicrinus lineage and related genera.
FIGURE 5 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 5. Aboral cups of Conocrinus thorenti (A-D) and other Eocene species from southern France closely related to it. A- D: Conocrinus thorenti, lectotype MNHN.F.R54426, A–B: oblique lateral view, C–D: adoral view, D: closeup of arm socket indicated by arrow in C; E–G: Conocrinus archiaci, Villa Marbella, Biarritz, E–F: specimen MNHN.F.A69934a, E: lateral view, F: oblique adoral view with closeup of arm socket, G: specimen MNHN.F.A69934b, oblique adoral view; H: Conocrinus aff. archiaci, Les Scaffarels near Annot, MHN Nice, Campredon Collection, specimen no. 6, flat arm socket (synostosis); I–K: Conocrinus cahuzaci n. sp., holotype, MNHN.F.A69935, I oblique side adoral view, J–K: adoral views; L–O: Conocrinus duperrieri, marnes à Pentacrines, Côte des Basques, Biarritz, L–N: holotype MNHN.F.R06934 (arrow head indicating segment of radial suture), O: side view of paratype MNHN.F.R06935; bip: broken interradial process, ip: interradial process, ir: interradial rib. See Figure 1 for other abbreviations.
FIGURE 9 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 9. Species closely related to Pseudoconocrinus, Cherbonniericrinus n. gen. and Democrinus from Danian chalks of Denmark. A, E:?Democrinus sp. (A: MNHN.F.69939, E: MNHN.F.69938), A: oblique lateral view, E: oblique adoral view of radial circlet; B–D: aboral cup of Pseudoconocrinus maximus (MNHN.F.A69947), B–C: oblique adoral view, D: adoral view of radial circlet; F–G:?Cherbonniericrinus sp. (MNHN.F.A69932), aboral cup, F: oblique adoral view, G: adoral view of radial circlet; H–I: primibrachials attributed to P. maximus (MNHN.F.A69948), H: aboral view of IBr2ax, I: adoral view of IBr1; J–L: distal columnals attributed to P. maximus, J: fulcral ridge with open axial furrow (MNHN.F.A69951), K: general view of another columnal (MNHN.F.A69949), L: fulcral ridge of K with axis filled in by calcite. A, J, K, L: from the upper Danian of Klintholm; B–D: from the lower Danian of Karlby Klint; E–J: from the lower Danian of Nye Kloev just above the K/Pg boundary. See Figure 1 for abbreviations.
FIGURE 8 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 8. Characters of Eocene species attributed to Pseudoconocrinus n. gen. and Democrinus. A–F, K–N: P. doncieuxi (Roux, 1978), Ilerdian of Corbières, Tuilerie de Fontcouverte (two aboral cups, A and B–D: Bories Collection, MNHN.F.A69944; two Brax, E–F: Martinez Collection, MNHN.F.A69945; K–L and M–N: two columnals, Plaziat Collection, MNHN.F.A69946; K–L: from distal mesistele of a juvenile specimen, L: fulcral ridge, M–N: columnal from proximal dististele); G–J:?Democrinus elongatus, Bartonian of Biarritz, Villa Marbella, MNHN.F.A69937(G–H: specimen 1, I–J: specimen 2). See Figure 1 for abbreviations.
FIGURE 11 in A revision of the genus Conocrinus d'Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk
FIGURE 11. Constraints to phylogenetic reconstruction and classification of post-Paleozoic crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk (except Caledonicrinus): first hypothesis. This hypothesis implies substantial changes in taxonomy and phylogeny: Bourgueticrinus suedicus (B.s), B. ellipticus (B.e) and Dunnicrinus (Dunn) are considered as belonging to the same lineage corresponding to the family Bourgueticrinidae sensu stricto (Bourg), B. fisheri (?B.fish) is not considered as congeneric with B. ellipticus and B. suedicus, Naumachocrinus (Naum) deriving from B. fisheri lineage. Two other extant families with xenomorphic stalk distant to Bourgueticrinina are mentioned for comparison: Septocrinidae (Septo and associated colour) and Guillecrinidae (Guill and associated colour). See discussion in text. Other abbreviations—Bathy: genera of Bathycrinidae other than Naumachocrinus, B.cf: B. ex gr. fisheri of Zitt & Vodrazka (2008), Carst: Carstenicrinus, Cherb: Cherbonniericrinus, Conoc: Conocrinus, Demo: Democrinus, Paleo: Paleobathycrinus sensu Klikushin (1982), Parac: Paraconocrinus, Phryn and associated colour: Phrynocrinidae, Pseudo: Pseudoconocrinus, Rhizo: Rhizocrinus.
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