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Figure 7 in The bryozoan genus Conopeum (Electridae) in New Zealand, with description of a new species and discussion of the morphological and genetic characters of Conopeum seurati (Canu, 1928)

Figure 7. Conopeum ongleyi (Brown, 1952): (a), holotype, NHMUK D.36532, Petane, Hawke's Bay, Pleistocene; (b, c, e), NIWA 134507, White Rock Road, Wairarapa; D, NIWA 132867, White Rock Road, Wairarapa, New Zealand. (a–c), Autozooids showing granular cryptocyst, numerous small spine bases with a larger distolateral pair, and smooth proximal gymnocyst. D, Distal ends of three tilted autozooids, showing buttresses on transverse wall. E, Inner face of autozooid tilted laterally to show steeply sloping granular cryptocyst slightly overhanging lateral wall. Scalebars: (a–d), 200 μm; E, 100 μm.

Figure 6. Conopeum oretiensis, 1951 in The bryozoan genus Conopeum (Electridae) in New Zealand, with description of a new species and discussion of the morphological and genetic characters of Conopeum seurati (Canu, 1928)

Figure 6. Conopeum oretiensis, 1951: (a, b), MITS 28211, Manukau Harbour, Auckland; (c), NIWA 132866, Oreti Beach, Southland, New Zealand. (a, b), Bipolar colony astogeny from ancestrula. (c), Etched traces in shell substratum from previously present autozooids. Scalebars: (a), 500 μm; (b, c), 200 μm.

Figure 5. Conopeum oretiensis Uttley, 1951 in The bryozoan genus Conopeum (Electridae) in New Zealand, with description of a new species and discussion of the morphological and genetic characters of Conopeum seurati (Canu, 1928)

Figure 5. Conopeum oretiensis Uttley, 1951: (a), NIWA 92728, Waiinu Beach, Wanganui; (b), MITS 28211, Manukau Harbour, Auckland; (c), unregistered specimen, no longer extant, Napier; (d), NIWA 132866, Oreti Beach, Southland, New Zealand. (a), Autozooids, each with small spine bases, mostly distolateral, and large midproximal spine base; note extent of proximal gymnocyst. (b), Autozooids with periopesial spines intact and adventitious kenozooids. (c), Autozooids, showing some spine bases and numerous adventitious kenozooids; autozooid cystid at middle right with reparative kenozooid inside its cystid. (d), Autozooid with interzooidal margins and gymnocyst completely concealed by kenozooids. Scalebars: (a–c), 300 μm; (d), 200 μm.

Figure 4 in The bryozoan genus Conopeum (Electridae) in New Zealand, with description of a new species and discussion of the morphological and genetic characters of Conopeum seurati (Canu, 1928)

Figure 4. Conopeum seurati (Canu, 1928): (a, c), NIWA 98946, Whanganui Inlet, South Island, New Zealand; (b), NIWA 134508, Piombino, Tuscany, Italy. (a), Autozooids showing the peripheral cryptocystal groove, and a small kenozooid. (b), Lateral view of the cryptocystal rim of an autozooid, showing part of the peripheral grove, granules, minute pores (in the groove and lateral interior wall, and multiporous septula). (c), Lateral view of an autozooid and its proximal neighbour with mural septula. Scalebars: (a, c), 200 μm; (b), 100 μm.

Figure 3 in The bryozoan genus Conopeum (Electridae) in New Zealand, with description of a new species and discussion of the morphological and genetic characters of Conopeum seurati (Canu, 1928)

Figure 3. (a–e). Conopeum seurati (Canu, 1928): A, B, NHMUK 2020.1.3.1, Wadi Bezirk, Tunisia; (c–e), MNHN, Paris, A66832, Wadi Abid, Tunisia. (a), Autozooids and kenozooids of unbleached specimen. (b), Distal end of autozooid showing cryptocystal groove, cryptocystal granules and acicular spinules on transverse interior wall. (c), Specimen of Nitscheina spiculata [= C. seurati]. (d, e), Unbleached autozooids of zooids from (c), showing, respectively, distolateral spines and a kenozooid. Scalebars: (a, d), 500 μm; (b), 100 μm; (e), 200 μm.

Figure 1 in The bryozoan genus Conopeum (Electridae) in New Zealand, with description of a new species and discussion of the morphological and genetic characters of Conopeum seurati (Canu, 1928)

Figure 1. (a–d). Conopeum antipodum n. sp.: NIWA 98813, Te Whanga Lagoon, Chatham Island, New Zealand. (a), Autozooids with membranous frontal walls and opercula in situ. (b), Autozooids with stout distolateral spines. (c), Post-ancestrular autozooids with stout distolateral spines and smaller lateral spines. (d), Ancestrula and daughter zooids. Arrows in (c) and (d) indicate communication-pore areas in lateral walls. Scalebars: All 200 μm.

Figure 2 in The bryozoan genus Conopeum (Electridae) in New Zealand, with description of a new species and discussion of the morphological and genetic characters of Conopeum seurati (Canu, 1928)

Figure 2. (a–e). Conopeum antipodum n. sp.: (a, b), NIWA 98813, Te Whanga Lagoon, Chatham Island; (c, e), NIWA 16174, Kaipara Harbour; (d), NIWA 98824, Waitemata Harbour, Auckland, New Zealand. (a), Inner face of operculum showing the form of the marginal sclerite. (b), Two kenozooids flanking a repaired autozooid. (c), Lateral view of an autozooid with mural septula and stumpy spine bases on each side midlaterally. Arrows indicate raised distal zooid rims in profile. (d), Distal end on an autozooid showing a dense pore cluster in the transverse wall and (arrowed), inner (left) and outer (right) multiporous mural septula. (e), Close-up of the interior face of a multiporous mural septulum. Scalebars: (a, d), 50 μm; (b), 200 μm; (c), 100 μm; (e), 20 μm.

FIGURES 23–29 in Two new Nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) from China, possessing a canal-raphe-conopeum system

FIGURES 23–29. Nitzschia gaoi, sp. nov., LM. 23–25. Three valves showing a slightly eccentric raphe system. 24. Photograph of holotype. 26. One valve showing a centrally positioned raphe system. 27–29. Three valves showing a slightly eccentric raphe system. 27. Photograph of isotype specimen. Scale bar = 10 μm for all figures.

FIGURES 45–49 in Two new Nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) from China, possessing a canal-raphe-conopeum system

FIGURES 45–49. Nitzschia gaoi, sp. nov., girdle band views, SEM. 45. Internal view of a whole valve with one girdle band. 46–47. Apices, note that the girdle band is open at one apex (Fig. 46) but closed at the other (Fig. 47). 48. External view of the apex, note the girdle band (arrow). 49. Apex showing the areolae of the girdle band covered by hymenes and terminating near each apex (Figs 46, 49, arrows). Scale bars = 10 μm (Fig. 45), 1 μm (Figs 46–49).

FIGURES 17–22 in Two new Nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) from China, possessing a canal-raphe-conopeum system

FIGURES 17–22. Nitzschia arierae, sp. nov., canal-raphe-conopeum system, SEM. 17. External view of the apex, note that the conopea are fused into the valve (arrow). 18–19. External view of central area, note conopeal canal, raphe canal and supporting points. 20–22. Internal views, note keels and supporting marks. Abbreviations: c = conopeum, cc = conopeal canal, cv = zone of valve face subtended by conopeum, f = fibula, k = keel, r = raphe slit, rc = raphe canal, sm = supporting mark, v = uncovered zone of valve face. Scale bars = 1 μm (Figs 17–18, 20–22), 2 μm (Fig. 19).

FIGURES 12–16 in Two new Nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) from China, possessing a canal-raphe-conopeum system

FIGURES 12–16. Nitzschia arierae, sp. nov., internal views, SEM. 12. A whole valve, note the interspaces narrower towards the poles. 13. Apex, note the distinctive apical pore field and the poroids in the keel zone (two arrows). 14–16. Central areas, showing the subtended zone different from the uncovered zone (Fig. 14, double-head arrows), shortened striae (arrows), dichotomous striae (wavy arrows), and poroids present in the keel zone (Figs 14–15, arrowheads). Scale bars = 10 μm (Fig. 12), 1 μm (Figs 13–16).

FIGURES 8–11 in Two new Nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) from China, possessing a canal-raphe-conopeum system

FIGURES 8–11. Nitzschia arierae, sp. nov., external views, SEM. 8. A whole valve, note the constant width of conopeum. 9. Apex, showing the apical pore field (wavy arrows), the hooked terminal fissure towards the dorsal side (arrowhead), and the supporting points (arrows). 10. Central area, note the supporting points (arrows). 11. Another apex, note the hooked terminal fissure towards the dorsal side (arrowhead) and the supporting points (arrows). Scale bars = 10 μm (Fig. 8), 1 μm (Figs 9–11).

FIGURES 1–7 in Two new Nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) from China, possessing a canal-raphe-conopeum system

FIGURES 1–7. Nitzschia arierae, sp. nov., LM. 1–7. Seven valves showing size reduction. 1. Photograph of isotype specimen, note the two rows of dark spots (six arrows) and the two parallel lines on either side of the raphe. 3. Photograph of holotype, note the centrally positioned raphe system. Scale bar = 10 μm for all figures.

FIGURES 30–39 in Two new Nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) from China, possessing a canal-raphe-conopeum system

FIGURES 30–39. Nitzschia gaoi, sp. nov., external views, SEM. 30–31. Two complete valves, note the nitzschioid symmetry of the raphe system. 32–33. Apices, note the constant width of the conopeum. 34–35. Apices showing the apical pore fields and the hooked terminal fissures towards the dorsal side. 36. Intact central area, showing costae, conopea, and the fusing of costae with conopeal spines (arrowheads). 37. Eroded area showing small conopea occuring on each side of each costa, and a transverse row of areolae appearing in a girdle band. 38. Eroded area showing striae and areolae. 39. Broken central area, showing the canal-raphe-conopeum system (cc = conopeal canal). Scale bars = 10 μm (Figs 30–31), 1 μm (Figs 32–39).

FIGURES 40–44 in Two new Nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) from China, possessing a canal-raphe-conopeum system

FIGURES 40–44. Nitzschia gaoi, sp. nov., internal views, SEM. 40. A whole valve, note the upper apex very slightly arched toward the ventral side. 41–42. Apices, note one apex bending toward the ventral side (Fig. 41, two arrows) and the other almost straight (Fig. 42, two arrows). 43. Central area, note that the zone of valve face subtended by the conopeum (cv) has no areolae in most part but these are present near or on the wall of raphe canal (arrow). 44. Detail of the apex, note the distinctive apical pore field (arrow). Scale bars = 10 μm (Fig. 40), 1 μm (Figs 41–44).

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Figure 8 in The bryozoan genus Conopeum (Electridae) in New Zealand, with description of a new species and discussion of the morphological and genetic characters of Conopeum seurati (Canu, 1928)

Figure 8. Maximum-likelihood phylogram based on 18SrDNA sequences of Conopeum and related taxa. Support is shown as alrt/bootstrap values above the branch, and Bayesian PP values below. Support values are shown only if two methods exceed the following cutoffs: alrt, 0.9; bootstrap 0.8 and PP 0.9. The new Zealand taxon is shown in bold.