Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2024View details →

CONUS-wide Balancing Authority Scale Hydropower Projections derived from 9505 Third Assessment

This dataset provides historical and climate projection monthly hydropower generation timeseries for balancing authorities within the contiguous U.S. (CONUS). These data were developed as an extension to the Department of Energy Water Power Technologies Office's SECURE Water Act Section 9505 Third Assessment (9505) and include both federal and non-federal hydropower facilities. Additional modeling detail can be found in <a href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ad6ceb" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Broman et al., 2024</a> and in the article's <a href="https://github.com/9505-PNNL/broman-etal_2024_erl">metarepository</a>.  The dataset is provided in three separate formats to facilitate ease of use: 1) Machine-readable csv in 'tidy' data format: <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Short Name</td> <td>Unit</td> <td>Description</td> </tr> <tr> <td>class</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>simulation type; control: historical, cc: climate scenario</td> </tr> <tr> <td>forcing</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>meteorological forcing used to drive hydrology model</td> </tr> <tr> <td>model</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>hydrology model</td> </tr> <tr> <td>hp</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>hydropower model</td> </tr> <tr> <td>gcm*</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>global climate model name</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ds*</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>downscaling method; DBCCA (statistical), RegCM (dynamical)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>balancing_authority</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>balancing authority code</td> </tr> <tr> <td>year</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>year</td> </tr> <tr> <td>month</td> <td>N/A</td> <td>month</td> </tr> <tr> <td>modeled_generation_MWh</td> <td>MWh per month</td> <td>simulated generation</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> * only present in the climate projection (cc) files 2) xlsx with balancing authority data by tab 3) csv by balancing authority: for historical data: year, month, and HUC4_group columns are the same as above. Data column headers are class_forcing_model_hp and with the units MWh per month. for climate projection (cc) data: year, month, and HUC4_group columns are the same as above. Data column headers are class_forcing_model_hp_gcm_ds and with the units MWh per month.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

1-km forest tree height, cover, plant area index, and foliage height diversity for the CONUS

Consistent and spatially explicit periodic monitoring of forest structure is essential for estimating forest-related carbon emissions, analyzing forest degradation, and supporting sustainable forest management policies.  To date, few products are available that allow for continental to global operational monitoring of changes in canopy structure.  In this study, we explored the synergy between the NASA’s spaceborne Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) waveform LiDAR and the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) data to produce spatially explicit and consistent annual maps of canopy height (CH), percent canopy cover (PCC), plant area index (PAI), and foliage height diversity (FHD) across the conterminous United States (CONUS) at 1-km resolution for 2013-2020.  The accuracies of the annual maps were assessed using forest structure attribute derived from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data acquired between 2013 and 2020 for the 48 National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) field sites distributed across the CONUS.  The root mean square error (RMSE) values of the annual canopy height maps as compared with the ALS reference data varied from a minimum of 3.31-m for 2020 to a maximum of 4.19-m for 2017.  Similarly, the RMSE values for PCC ranged between 8% (2020) and 11% (all other years).  Qualitative evaluations of the annual maps using time series of very high-resolution images further suggested that the VIIRS-derived products could capture both large and “more” subtle changes in forest structure associated with partial harvesting, wind damage, wildfires, and other environmental stresses.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

Three-dimensional building and mobility infrastructure of the CONUS

Humanity's role in changing the face of the earth is a long-standing concern, as is the human domination of ecosystems. Geologists are debating the introduction of a new geological epoch, the 'anthropocene', as humans are 'overwhelming the great forces of nature'. In this context, the accumulation of artefacts, i.e., human-made physical objects, is a pervasive phenomenon. Variously dubbed 'manufactured capital', 'technomass', 'human-made mass', 'in-use stocks' or 'socioeconomic material stocks', they have become a major focus of sustainability sciences in the last decade. Globally, the mass of socioeconomic material stocks now exceeds 10e14 kg, which is roughly equal to the dry-matter equivalent of all biomass on earth. It is doubling roughly every 20 years, almost perfectly in line with 'real' (i.e. inflation-adjusted) GDP. In terms of mass, buildings and infrastructures (here collectively called 'built structures') represent the overwhelming majority of all socioeconomic material stocks.This dataset features intermediate mapping results for estimating material stocks in the CONUS (see related identifiers) on a 10m grid based on high resolution Earth Observation data (Sentinel-1 + Sentinel-2), Microsoft building footprints, NLCD Impervious data, and crowd-sourced geodata (OSM). These data may also be useful on their own.Provided layers @10m resolution - Building height - Building type - Building area - Impervious fraction - street, and rail area - Building and street climate zones - County zones - State masks - EQUI7 correction factorsSpatial extent This dataset covers the whole CONUS. Temporal extent The maps are representative for ca. 2018.Data format The data are organized in 100km x 100km tiles (EQUI7 grid), and mosaics are provided.Further information For further information, please see the main publication. A web-visualization of the resulting dataset is available <a href="https://ows.geo.hu-berlin.de/webviewer/us-stocks/">here</a>. Visit our <a href="https://boku.ac.at/understanding-the-role-of-material-stock-patterns-for-the-transformation-to-a-sustainable-society-mat-stocks">website</a> to learn more about our project MAT_STOCKS - Understanding the Role of Material Stock Patterns for the Transformation to a Sustainable Society.Publication D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, A. Baumgart, D. Virág, S. Cooper, C. Gómez-Medina, F. Lehmann, T. Udelhoven, S. van der Linden, P. Hostert, and H. Haberl (2023): Unveiling patterns in human dominated landscapes through mapping the mass of US built structures. Nature Communications 14, 8014. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43755-5">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43755-5</a>Funding This research was primarly funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (MAT_STOCKS, grant agreement No 741950). Acknowledgments We thank the European Space Agency and the European Commission for freely and openly sharing Sentinel imagery; USGS for the National Land Cover Database; Microsoft for Building Footprints; Geofabrik and all contributors for OpenStreetMap.This dataset was partly produced on <a href="https://eodc.eu/">EODC</a> - we thank Clement Atzberger for supporting the generation of this dataset by sharing disc space on EODC, and Wolfgang Wagner for granting access to preprocessed Sentinel-1 data.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

Multi-Temporal Cloud Gap Imputation With HLS Data Across CONUS

This release contains the version 1.0 of the dataset which was used in <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.19609">Seeing Through the Clouds: Cloud Gap Imputation with Prithvi Foundation Model</a> and is included as one of the tasks in the <a href="https://madewithclay.org/challenge">AI for Earth Challenge 2024</a>.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Post-processed data and graphical tools for a CONUS-wide eddy flux evapotranspiration dataset

Post-processed data and graphical tools for a CONUS-wide eddy flux evapotranspiration dataset   We curated a dataset of post-processed in situ evapotranspiration (ET) measurements, primarily from eddy covariance flux towers, from stations located within the contiguous United States. The dataset includes daily and monthly aggregated ET, energy balance metrics, and micrometeorological data that were post-processed from 148 flux towers, 4 weighing lysimters, and 8 Bowen Ration stations. Original data was retrieved from the <a href="https://ameriflux.lbl.gov/">AmeriFlux</a> network and other networks and partners. The dataset is oriented towards ET and includes both ET that has been corrected for energy balance closure error as well as the uncorrected values. Energy balance components (latent and sensble heat flux, soil heat flux, and net radiation) were subject to limited gap-filling and latent energy (ET) was subject to additional visual quality control. Other meteorological measurements such as air temperature, precipitation, humidity, etc. are included for most stations depending on availability, and some additional variables were calculated. Interactive graphics of most post-processed data are also included. The dataset has many potential uses including evaluation of regional hydrologic and atmospheric models, energy balance analysis, and more. Description of the Data and file structure The dataset is in a compressed (zipped) archive titled "flux_ET_dataset", so first it needs to be downloaded and extracted. Once extracted there are four major components within:  1. A collection of time series files with daily aggregated data (one for each station),  these are in the directory named "daily_data_files" and are in CSV format. 2. A similar collection of time series files for monthly aggregated data in "monthly_data_files".  3. Interactive graphic files (HTML format) for each station which are in the "graphical_files" directory.  4. Two additional tables in the root directory, including a metadata file named "station_metadata.xlsx" with site information such as site ID, coordinates, land cover type, principal investigator information, etc. The other table named "variable_explanation.xlsx" lists all variables that were post-processed in the flux dataset and gives a short description of each as well as their units.  Each data and plot file starts with the station's ID or site ID which are listed in the station_metadata.xlsx file.  Here is a visual of the file structure: <blockquote> flux_ET_dataset │   README.md │   variable_explanation.xlsx │   station_metadata.xlsx │ └───daily_data_files │   │   [site ID]_daily_data.csv │   │   ... └───monthly_data_files │   │   [site ID]_monthly_data.csv │   │   ... └───graphical_files │   │   [site ID]_plots.html │   │   ... ``` </blockquote> The variable names in the daily and monthly data files as well as the graphics all follow the same naming scheme which are defined in the variable_explanation.xlsx file. For example, LE stands for latent energy flux and is in units of W/m2.  Sharing/access Information Currently, this repository is the only location where the data are hosted. Original data, prior to post-processing, were retrieved from multiple providers listed below: * AmeriFlux network (https://ameriflux.lbl.gov/)  * California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA  * Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA  * gridMET, Northwest Knowledge Network at the University of Idaho (https://thredds.northwestknowledge.net/)  * United States Geological Survey Nevada Water Science Center, Carson City, NV, USA  * Delta-Flux network, Arkansas, Louisiana, MS, USA  * United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDS-ARS):      * Sustainable Water Management Research Unit, Stoneville, MS, USA      * US Salinity Laboratory, Agricultural Water Efficiency and Salinity Research Unit, Riverside, CA, USA      * Conservation & Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, TX, USA      * US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, USA      * Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA  Further contact information for each station as well as DOI's for original AmeriFlux data are included in the "station_metadata.xlsx" file.  Code/Software All files that comprise this dataset were generated using the "flux-data-qaqc" open-source Python package version 0.1.6. The package is hosted on <a href="https://github.com/Open-ET/flux-data-qaqc">GitHub</a> and <a href="https://pypi.org/project/fluxdataqaqc/">PyPI</a>, it also has <a href="https://flux-data-qaqc.readthedocs.io/en/latest/">online documentation</a> including an in depth user tutorial.

CONUS NG-IDF 2.0: Crop

The NG-IDF: Crop datasets cover more than 200,000 sites at approximately 6 km resolution in the years 1951–2013  across the CONUS for the Crop land use land cover (LULC). These [daily time series + annual maximum] datasets provide information on extreme hydrological events and their associated hydrometeorological drivers at a continental scale. They include 1) daily time series of precipitation (P), throughfall (TF), water available for runoff (W), and snow water equivalent (SWE); 2) annual maximum time series of P, W, TF, snowmelt, rain-on-snow (ROS); and 3) NG-IDF curves and their uncertainties. See the "Crop_readmefirst.txt" file for details.

CONUS NG-IDF 2.0: Evergreen Forest

The NG-IDF: Evergreen Forest datasets cover more than 200,000 sites at approximately 6 km resolution in the years 1951–2013  across the CONUS for the Evergreen Forest land use land cover (LULC). These [daily time series + annual maximum] datasets provide information on extreme hydrological events and their associated hydrometeorological drivers at a continental scale. They include 1) daily time series of precipitation (P), throughfall (TF), water available for runoff (W), and snow water equivalent (SWE); 2) annual maximum time series of P, W, TF, snowmelt, rain-on-snow (ROS); and 3) NG-IDF curves and their uncertainties. See the "Evergreen_readmefirst.txt" file for details.

CONUS NG-IDF 2.0: Grassland

The NG-IDF: Grassland datasets cover more than 200,000 sites at approximately 6 km resolution in the years 1951–2013  across the CONUS for the Grassland land use land cover (LULC). These [daily time series + annual maximum] datasets provide information on extreme hydrological events and their associated hydrometeorological drivers at a continental scale. They include 1) daily time series of precipitation (P), throughfall (TF), water available for runoff (W), and snow water equivalent (SWE); 2) annual maximum time series of P, W, TF, snowmelt, rain-on-snow (ROS); and 3) NG-IDF curves and their uncertainties. See the "Grass_readmefirst.txt" file for details.

CONUS NG-IDF 2.0: Mixed Forest

The NG-IDF: Mixed Forest datasets cover more than 200,000 sites at approximately 6 km resolution in the years 1951–2013  across the CONUS for the Mixed Forest land use land cover (LULC). These [daily time series + annual maximum] datasets provide information on extreme hydrological events and their associated hydrometeorological drivers at a continental scale. They include 1) daily time series of precipitation (P), throughfall (TF), water available for runoff (W), and snow water equivalent (SWE); 2) annual maximum time series of P, W, TF, snowmelt, rain-on-snow (ROS); and 3) NG-IDF curves and their uncertainties. See the "Mixed_readmefirst.txt" file for details.

CONUS NG-IDF 2.0: Open Area

The NG-IDF: Open Area datasets cover more than 200,000 sites at approximately 6 km resolution in the years 1951–2013  across the CONUS for the Open Area (i.e., no vegetation) land use land cover (LULC). These [daily time series + annual maximum] datasets provide information on extreme hydrological events and their associated hydrometeorological drivers at a continental scale. They include 1) daily time series of precipitation (P), throughfall (TF), water available for runoff (W), and snow water equivalent (SWE); 2) annual maximum time series of P, W, TF, snowmelt, rain-on-snow (ROS); and 3) NG-IDF curves and their uncertainties. See the "Open_readmefirst.txt" file for details.

CONUS NG-IDF 2.0: Shrub

The NG-IDF: Shrub datasets cover more than 200,000 sites at approximately 6 km resolution in the years 1951–2013  across the CONUS for the Shrub land use land cover (LULC). These [daily time series + annual maximum] datasets provide information on extreme hydrological events and their associated hydrometeorological drivers at a continental scale. They include 1) daily time series of precipitation (P), throughfall (TF), water available for runoff (W), and snow water equivalent (SWE); 2) annual maximum time series of P, W, TF, snowmelt, rain-on-snow (ROS); and 3) NG-IDF curves and their uncertainties. See the "Shrub_readmefirst.txt" file for details.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

CONUS NG-IDF 2.0: Wetland

The NG-IDF: Wetland datasets cover more than 200,000 sites at approximately 6 km resolution in the years 1951–2013  across the CONUS for the Wetland land use land cover (LULC). These [daily time series + annual maximum] datasets provide information on extreme hydrological events and their associated hydrometeorological drivers at a continental scale. They include 1) daily time series of precipitation (P), throughfall (TF), water available for runoff (W), and snow water equivalent (SWE); 2) annual maximum time series of P, W, TF, snowmelt, rain-on-snow (ROS); and 3) NG-IDF curves and their uncertainties. See the "Wetland_readmefirst.txt" file for details.

Material stock map of CONUS - Great Plains

Humanity’s role in changing the face of the earth is a long-standing concern, as is the human domination of ecosystems. Geologists are debating the introduction of a new geological epoch, the ‘anthropocene’, as humans are ‘overwhelming the great forces of nature’. In this context, the accumulation of artefacts, i.e., human-made physical objects, is a pervasive phenomenon. Variously dubbed ‘manufactured capital’, ‘technomass’, ‘human-made mass’, ‘in-use stocks’ or ‘socioeconomic material stocks’, they have become a major focus of sustainability sciences in the last decade. Globally, the mass of socioeconomic material stocks now exceeds 10e14 kg, which is roughly equal to the dry-matter equivalent of all biomass on earth. It is doubling roughly every 20 years, almost perfectly in line with ‘real’ (i.e. inflation-adjusted) GDP. In terms of mass, buildings and infrastructures (here collectively called ‘built structures’) represent the overwhelming majority of all socioeconomic material stocks. This dataset features a detailed map of material stocks in the CONUS on a 10m grid based on high resolution Earth Observation data (Sentinel-1 + Sentinel-2), crowd-sourced geodata (OSM) and material intensity factors. Spatial extent This subdataset covers the Great Plains CONUS, i.e. <ul> <li>KS</li> <li>ND</li> <li>NE</li> <li>OK</li> <li>SD</li> </ul> For the remaining CONUS, see the related identifiers. Temporal extent The map is representative for ca. 2018. Data format The data are organized by states. Within each state, data are split into 100km x 100km tiles (EQUI7 grid), and mosaics are provided. Within each tile, images for area, volume, and mass at 10m spatial resolution are provided. Units are m², m³, and t, respectively. Each metric is split into buildings, other, rail and street (note: In the paper, other, rail, and street stocks are subsumed to mobility infrastructure). Each category is further split into subcategories (e.g. building types). Additionally, a grand total of all stocks is provided at multiple spatial resolutions and units, i.e. <ul> <li>t at 10m x 10m</li> <li>kt at 100m x 100m</li> <li>Mt at 1km x 1km</li> <li>Gt at 10km x 10km</li> </ul> For each state, mosaics of all above-described data are provided in GDAL VRT format, which can readily be opened in most Geographic Information Systems. File paths are relative, i.e. DO NOT change the file structure or file naming.  Additionally, the grand total mass per state is tabulated for each county in mass_grand_total_t_10m2.tif.csv. County FIPS code and the ID in this table can be related via FIPS-dictionary_ENLOCALE.csv. Material layers Note that material-specific layers are not included in this repository because of upload limits. Only the totals are provided (i.e. the sum over all materials). However, these can easily be derived by re-applying the material intensity factors from (see related identifiers): A. Baumgart, D. Virág, D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, Material intensity factors for buildings, roads and rail-based infrastructure in the United States. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5045337.">Zenodo (2022), doi:10.5281/zenodo.5045337.</a> Further information For further information, please see the publication. A web-visualization of this dataset is available here. Visit our <a href="https://boku.ac.at/understanding-the-role-of-material-stock-patterns-for-the-transformation-to-a-sustainable-society-mat-stocks">website</a> to learn more about our project MAT_STOCKS - Understanding the Role of Material Stock Patterns for the Transformation to a Sustainable Society. Publication D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, A. Baumgart, D. Virág, S. Cooper, C. Gomez-Medina, F. Lehmann, T. Udelhoven, S. van der Linden, P. Hostert, H. Haberl. Weighing the US Economy: Map of Built Structures Unveils Patterns in Human-Dominated Landscapes. In prep Funding This research was primarly funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (MAT_STOCKS, grant agreement No 741950). Workflow development was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—Project-ID 414984028-SFB 1404. Acknowledgments We thank the European Space Agency and the European Commission for freely and openly sharing Sentinel imagery; USGS for the National Land Cover Database; Microsoft for Building Footprints; Geofabrik and all contributors for OpenStreetMap.This dataset was partly produced on <a href="https://eodc.eu/">EODC</a> - we thank Clement Atzberger for supporting the generation of this dataset by sharing disc space on EODC.

Material stock map of CONUS - Mid West

Humanity’s role in changing the face of the earth is a long-standing concern, as is the human domination of ecosystems. Geologists are debating the introduction of a new geological epoch, the ‘anthropocene’, as humans are ‘overwhelming the great forces of nature’. In this context, the accumulation of artefacts, i.e., human-made physical objects, is a pervasive phenomenon. Variously dubbed ‘manufactured capital’, ‘technomass’, ‘human-made mass’, ‘in-use stocks’ or ‘socioeconomic material stocks’, they have become a major focus of sustainability sciences in the last decade. Globally, the mass of socioeconomic material stocks now exceeds 10e14 kg, which is roughly equal to the dry-matter equivalent of all biomass on earth. It is doubling roughly every 20 years, almost perfectly in line with ‘real’ (i.e. inflation-adjusted) GDP. In terms of mass, buildings and infrastructures (here collectively called ‘built structures’) represent the overwhelming majority of all socioeconomic material stocks. This dataset features a detailed map of material stocks in the CONUS on a 10m grid based on high resolution Earth Observation data (Sentinel-1 + Sentinel-2), crowd-sourced geodata (OSM) and material intensity factors. Spatial extent This subdataset covers the Mid West CONUS, i.e. <ul> <li>IA</li> <li>IL</li> <li>IN</li> <li>MI</li> <li>MN</li> <li>MO</li> <li>OH</li> <li>WI</li> </ul> For the remaining CONUS, see the related identifiers. Temporal extent The map is representative for ca. 2018. Data format The data are organized by states. Within each state, data are split into 100km x 100km tiles (EQUI7 grid), and mosaics are provided. Within each tile, images for area, volume, and mass at 10m spatial resolution are provided. Units are m², m³, and t, respectively. Each metric is split into buildings, other, rail and street (note: In the paper, other, rail, and street stocks are subsumed to mobility infrastructure). Each category is further split into subcategories (e.g. building types). Additionally, a grand total of all stocks is provided at multiple spatial resolutions and units, i.e. <ul> <li>t at 10m x 10m</li> <li>kt at 100m x 100m</li> <li>Mt at 1km x 1km</li> <li>Gt at 10km x 10km</li> </ul> For each state, mosaics of all above-described data are provided in GDAL VRT format, which can readily be opened in most Geographic Information Systems. File paths are relative, i.e. DO NOT change the file structure or file naming.  Additionally, the grand total mass per state is tabulated for each county in mass_grand_total_t_10m2.tif.csv. County FIPS code and the ID in this table can be related via FIPS-dictionary_ENLOCALE.csv. Material layers Note that material-specific layers are not included in this repository because of upload limits. Only the totals are provided (i.e. the sum over all materials). However, these can easily be derived by re-applying the material intensity factors from (see related identifiers): A. Baumgart, D. Virág, D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, Material intensity factors for buildings, roads and rail-based infrastructure in the United States. Zenodo (2022), <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5045337.">doi:10.5281/zenodo.5045337.</a> Further information For further information, please see the publication. A web-visualization of this dataset is available here. Visit our <a href="https://boku.ac.at/understanding-the-role-of-material-stock-patterns-for-the-transformation-to-a-sustainable-society-mat-stocks">website</a> to learn more about our project MAT_STOCKS - Understanding the Role of Material Stock Patterns for the Transformation to a Sustainable Society. Publication D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, A. Baumgart, D. Virág, S. Cooper, C. Gomez-Medina, F. Lehmann, T. Udelhoven, S. van der Linden, P. Hostert, H. Haberl. Weighing the US Economy: Map of Built Structures Unveils Patterns in Human-Dominated Landscapes. In prep Funding This research was primarly funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (MAT_STOCKS, grant agreement No 741950). Workflow development was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—Project-ID 414984028-SFB 1404. Acknowledgments We thank the European Space Agency and the European Commission for freely and openly sharing Sentinel imagery; USGS for the National Land Cover Database; Microsoft for Building Footprints; Geofabrik and all contributors for OpenStreetMap.This dataset was partly produced on <a href="https://eodc.eu/">EODC</a> - we thank Clement Atzberger for supporting the generation of this dataset by sharing disc space on EODC.

Material stock map of CONUS - South

Humanity’s role in changing the face of the earth is a long-standing concern, as is the human domination of ecosystems. Geologists are debating the introduction of a new geological epoch, the ‘anthropocene’, as humans are ‘overwhelming the great forces of nature’. In this context, the accumulation of artefacts, i.e., human-made physical objects, is a pervasive phenomenon. Variously dubbed ‘manufactured capital’, ‘technomass’, ‘human-made mass’, ‘in-use stocks’ or ‘socioeconomic material stocks’, they have become a major focus of sustainability sciences in the last decade. Globally, the mass of socioeconomic material stocks now exceeds 10e14 kg, which is roughly equal to the dry-matter equivalent of all biomass on earth. It is doubling roughly every 20 years, almost perfectly in line with ‘real’ (i.e. inflation-adjusted) GDP. In terms of mass, buildings and infrastructures (here collectively called ‘built structures’) represent the overwhelming majority of all socioeconomic material stocks. This dataset features a detailed map of material stocks in the CONUS on a 10m grid based on high resolution Earth Observation data (Sentinel-1 + Sentinel-2), crowd-sourced geodata (OSM) and material intensity factors. Spatial extent This subdataset covers the South CONUS, i.e. <ul> <li>AL</li> <li>AR</li> <li>FL</li> <li>GA</li> <li>KY</li> <li>LA</li> <li>MS</li> <li>NC</li> <li>SC</li> <li>TN</li> <li>VA</li> <li>WV</li> </ul> For the remaining CONUS, see the related identifiers. Temporal extent The map is representative for ca. 2018. Data format The data are organized by states. Within each state, data are split into 100km x 100km tiles (EQUI7 grid), and mosaics are provided. Within each tile, images for area, volume, and mass at 10m spatial resolution are provided. Units are m², m³, and t, respectively. Each metric is split into buildings, other, rail and street (note: In the paper, other, rail, and street stocks are subsumed to mobility infrastructure). Each category is further split into subcategories (e.g. building types). Additionally, a grand total of all stocks is provided at multiple spatial resolutions and units, i.e. <ul> <li>t at 10m x 10m</li> <li>kt at 100m x 100m</li> <li>Mt at 1km x 1km</li> <li>Gt at 10km x 10km</li> </ul> For each state, mosaics of all above-described data are provided in GDAL VRT format, which can readily be opened in most Geographic Information Systems. File paths are relative, i.e. DO NOT change the file structure or file naming.  Additionally, the grand total mass per state is tabulated for each county in mass_grand_total_t_10m2.tif.csv. County FIPS code and the ID in this table can be related via FIPS-dictionary_ENLOCALE.csv. Material layers Note that material-specific layers are not included in this repository because of upload limits. Only the totals are provided (i.e. the sum over all materials). However, these can easily be derived by re-applying the material intensity factors from (see related identifiers): A. Baumgart, D. Virág, D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, Material intensity factors for buildings, roads and rail-based infrastructure in the United States. Zenodo (2022), <a href="https://doi.org/doi:10.5281/zenodo.5045337.">doi:10.5281/zenodo.5045337.</a> Further information For further information, please see the publication. A web-visualization of this dataset is available here. Visit our <a href="https://boku.ac.at/understanding-the-role-of-material-stock-patterns-for-the-transformation-to-a-sustainable-society-mat-stocks">website</a> to learn more about our project MAT_STOCKS - Understanding the Role of Material Stock Patterns for the Transformation to a Sustainable Society. Publication D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, A. Baumgart, D. Virág, S. Cooper, C. Gomez-Medina, F. Lehmann, T. Udelhoven, S. van der Linden, P. Hostert, H. Haberl. Weighing the US Economy: Map of Built Structures Unveils Patterns in Human-Dominated Landscapes. In prep Funding This research was primarly funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (MAT_STOCKS, grant agreement No 741950). Workflow development was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—Project-ID 414984028-SFB 1404. Acknowledgments We thank the European Space Agency and the European Commission for freely and openly sharing Sentinel imagery; USGS for the National Land Cover Database; Microsoft for Building Footprints; Geofabrik and all contributors for OpenStreetMap.This dataset was partly produced on <a href="https://eodc.eu/">EODC</a> - we thank Clement Atzberger for supporting the generation of this dataset by sharing disc space on EODC.

Material stock map of CONUS - West Coast

Humanity’s role in changing the face of the earth is a long-standing concern, as is the human domination of ecosystems. Geologists are debating the introduction of a new geological epoch, the ‘anthropocene’, as humans are ‘overwhelming the great forces of nature’. In this context, the accumulation of artefacts, i.e., human-made physical objects, is a pervasive phenomenon. Variously dubbed ‘manufactured capital’, ‘technomass’, ‘human-made mass’, ‘in-use stocks’ or ‘socioeconomic material stocks’, they have become a major focus of sustainability sciences in the last decade. Globally, the mass of socioeconomic material stocks now exceeds 10e14 kg, which is roughly equal to the dry-matter equivalent of all biomass on earth. It is doubling roughly every 20 years, almost perfectly in line with ‘real’ (i.e. inflation-adjusted) GDP. In terms of mass, buildings and infrastructures (here collectively called ‘built structures’) represent the overwhelming majority of all socioeconomic material stocks. This dataset features a detailed map of material stocks in the CONUS on a 10m grid based on high resolution Earth Observation data (Sentinel-1 + Sentinel-2), crowd-sourced geodata (OSM) and material intensity factors. Spatial extent This subdataset covers the West Coast CONUS, i.e. <ul> <li>CA</li> <li>OR</li> <li>WA</li> </ul> For the remaining CONUS, see the related identifiers. Temporal extent The map is representative for ca. 2018. Data format The data are organized by states. Within each state, data are split into 100km x 100km tiles (EQUI7 grid), and mosaics are provided. Within each tile, images for area, volume, and mass at 10m spatial resolution are provided. Units are m², m³, and t, respectively. Each metric is split into buildings, other, rail and street (note: In the paper, other, rail, and street stocks are subsumed to mobility infrastructure). Each category is further split into subcategories (e.g. building types). Additionally, a grand total of all stocks is provided at multiple spatial resolutions and units, i.e. <ul> <li>t at 10m x 10m</li> <li>kt at 100m x 100m</li> <li>Mt at 1km x 1km</li> <li>Gt at 10km x 10km</li> </ul> For each state, mosaics of all above-described data are provided in GDAL VRT format, which can readily be opened in most Geographic Information Systems. File paths are relative, i.e. DO NOT change the file structure or file naming.  Additionally, the grand total mass per state is tabulated for each county in mass_grand_total_t_10m2.tif.csv. County FIPS code and the ID in this table can be related via FIPS-dictionary_ENLOCALE.csv. Material layers Note that material-specific layers are not included in this repository because of upload limits. Only the totals are provided (i.e. the sum over all materials). However, these can easily be derived by re-applying the material intensity factors from (see related identifiers): A. Baumgart, D. Virág, D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, Material intensity factors for buildings, roads and rail-based infrastructure in the United States. Zenodo (2022), <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5045337.">doi:10.5281/zenodo.5045337.</a> Further information For further information, please see the publication. A web-visualization of this dataset is available here. Visit our <a href="https://boku.ac.at/understanding-the-role-of-material-stock-patterns-for-the-transformation-to-a-sustainable-society-mat-stocks">website</a> to learn more about our project MAT_STOCKS - Understanding the Role of Material Stock Patterns for the Transformation to a Sustainable Society. Publication D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, A. Baumgart, D. Virág, S. Cooper, C. Gomez-Medina, F. Lehmann, T. Udelhoven, S. van der Linden, P. Hostert, H. Haberl. Weighing the US Economy: Map of Built Structures Unveils Patterns in Human-Dominated Landscapes. In prep Funding This research was primarly funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (MAT_STOCKS, grant agreement No 741950). Workflow development was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—Project-ID 414984028-SFB 1404. Acknowledgments We thank the European Space Agency and the European Commission for freely and openly sharing Sentinel imagery; USGS for the National Land Cover Database; Microsoft for Building Footprints; Geofabrik and all contributors for OpenStreetMap.This dataset was partly produced on <a href="https://eodc.eu/">EODC</a> - we thank Clement Atzberger for supporting the generation of this dataset by sharing disc space on EODC.

Material stock map of CONUS - South West

Humanity’s role in changing the face of the earth is a long-standing concern, as is the human domination of ecosystems. Geologists are debating the introduction of a new geological epoch, the ‘anthropocene’, as humans are ‘overwhelming the great forces of nature’. In this context, the accumulation of artefacts, i.e., human-made physical objects, is a pervasive phenomenon. Variously dubbed ‘manufactured capital’, ‘technomass’, ‘human-made mass’, ‘in-use stocks’ or ‘socioeconomic material stocks’, they have become a major focus of sustainability sciences in the last decade. Globally, the mass of socioeconomic material stocks now exceeds 10e14 kg, which is roughly equal to the dry-matter equivalent of all biomass on earth. It is doubling roughly every 20 years, almost perfectly in line with ‘real’ (i.e. inflation-adjusted) GDP. In terms of mass, buildings and infrastructures (here collectively called ‘built structures’) represent the overwhelming majority of all socioeconomic material stocks. This dataset features a detailed map of material stocks in the CONUS on a 10m grid based on high resolution Earth Observation data (Sentinel-1 + Sentinel-2), crowd-sourced geodata (OSM) and material intensity factors. Spatial extent This subdataset covers the South West CONUS, i.e. <ul> <li>AZ</li> <li>NM</li> <li>NV</li> <li>TX</li> </ul> For the remaining CONUS, see the related identifiers. Temporal extent The map is representative for ca. 2018. Data format The data are organized by states. Within each state, data are split into 100km x 100km tiles (EQUI7 grid), and mosaics are provided. Within each tile, images for area, volume, and mass at 10m spatial resolution are provided. Units are m², m³, and t, respectively. Each metric is split into buildings, other, rail and street (note: In the paper, other, rail, and street stocks are subsumed to mobility infrastructure). Each category is further split into subcategories (e.g. building types). Additionally, a grand total of all stocks is provided at multiple spatial resolutions and units, i.e. <ul> <li>t at 10m x 10m</li> <li>kt at 100m x 100m</li> <li>Mt at 1km x 1km</li> <li>Gt at 10km x 10km</li> </ul> For each state, mosaics of all above-described data are provided in GDAL VRT format, which can readily be opened in most Geographic Information Systems. File paths are relative, i.e. DO NOT change the file structure or file naming.  Additionally, the grand total mass per state is tabulated for each county in mass_grand_total_t_10m2.tif.csv. County FIPS code and the ID in this table can be related via FIPS-dictionary_ENLOCALE.csv. Material layers Note that material-specific layers are not included in this repository because of upload limits. Only the totals are provided (i.e. the sum over all materials). However, these can easily be derived by re-applying the material intensity factors from (see related identifiers): A. Baumgart, D. Virág, D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, Material intensity factors for buildings, roads and rail-based infrastructure in the United States. Zenodo (2022), <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5045337.">doi:10.5281/zenodo.5045337.</a> Further information For further information, please see the publication. A web-visualization of this dataset is available here. Visit our <a href="https://boku.ac.at/understanding-the-role-of-material-stock-patterns-for-the-transformation-to-a-sustainable-society-mat-stocks">website</a> to learn more about our project MAT_STOCKS - Understanding the Role of Material Stock Patterns for the Transformation to a Sustainable Society. Publication D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, A. Baumgart, D. Virág, S. Cooper, C. Gomez-Medina, F. Lehmann, T. Udelhoven, S. van der Linden, P. Hostert, H. Haberl. Weighing the US Economy: Map of Built Structures Unveils Patterns in Human-Dominated Landscapes. In prep Funding This research was primarly funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (MAT_STOCKS, grant agreement No 741950). Workflow development was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—Project-ID 414984028-SFB 1404. Acknowledgments We thank the European Space Agency and the European Commission for freely and openly sharing Sentinel imagery; USGS for the National Land Cover Database; Microsoft for Building Footprints; Geofabrik and all contributors for OpenStreetMap.This dataset was partly produced on <a href="https://eodc.eu/">EODC</a> - we thank Clement Atzberger for supporting the generation of this dataset by sharing disc space on EODC.

Material stock map of CONUS - Rocky Mountains

Humanity’s role in changing the face of the earth is a long-standing concern, as is the human domination of ecosystems. Geologists are debating the introduction of a new geological epoch, the ‘anthropocene’, as humans are ‘overwhelming the great forces of nature’. In this context, the accumulation of artefacts, i.e., human-made physical objects, is a pervasive phenomenon. Variously dubbed ‘manufactured capital’, ‘technomass’, ‘human-made mass’, ‘in-use stocks’ or ‘socioeconomic material stocks’, they have become a major focus of sustainability sciences in the last decade. Globally, the mass of socioeconomic material stocks now exceeds 10e14 kg, which is roughly equal to the dry-matter equivalent of all biomass on earth. It is doubling roughly every 20 years, almost perfectly in line with ‘real’ (i.e. inflation-adjusted) GDP. In terms of mass, buildings and infrastructures (here collectively called ‘built structures’) represent the overwhelming majority of all socioeconomic material stocks. This dataset features a detailed map of material stocks in the CONUS on a 10m grid based on high resolution Earth Observation data (Sentinel-1 + Sentinel-2), crowd-sourced geodata (OSM) and material intensity factors. Spatial extent This subdataset covers the Rocky Mountains CONUS, i.e. <ul> <li>CO</li> <li>ID</li> <li>MT</li> <li>UT</li> <li>WY</li> </ul> For the remaining CONUS, see the related identifiers. Temporal extent The map is representative for ca. 2018. Data format The data are organized by states. Within each state, data are split into 100km x 100km tiles (EQUI7 grid), and mosaics are provided. Within each tile, images for area, volume, and mass at 10m spatial resolution are provided. Units are m², m³, and t, respectively. Each metric is split into buildings, other, rail and street (note: In the paper, other, rail, and street stocks are subsumed to mobility infrastructure). Each category is further split into subcategories (e.g. building types). Additionally, a grand total of all stocks is provided at multiple spatial resolutions and units, i.e. <ul> <li>t at 10m x 10m</li> <li>kt at 100m x 100m</li> <li>Mt at 1km x 1km</li> <li>Gt at 10km x 10km</li> </ul> For each state, mosaics of all above-described data are provided in GDAL VRT format, which can readily be opened in most Geographic Information Systems. File paths are relative, i.e. DO NOT change the file structure or file naming.  Additionally, the grand total mass per state is tabulated for each county in mass_grand_total_t_10m2.tif.csv. County FIPS code and the ID in this table can be related via FIPS-dictionary_ENLOCALE.csv. Material layers Note that material-specific layers are not included in this repository because of upload limits. Only the totals are provided (i.e. the sum over all materials). However, these can easily be derived by re-applying the material intensity factors from (see related identifiers): A. Baumgart, D. Virág, D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, Material intensity factors for buildings, roads and rail-based infrastructure in the United States. Zenodo (2022), <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5045337.">doi:10.5281/zenodo.5045337.</a> Further information For further information, please see the publication. A web-visualization of this dataset is available here. Visit our <a href="https://boku.ac.at/understanding-the-role-of-material-stock-patterns-for-the-transformation-to-a-sustainable-society-mat-stocks">website</a> to learn more about our project MAT_STOCKS - Understanding the Role of Material Stock Patterns for the Transformation to a Sustainable Society. Publication D. Frantz, F. Schug, D. Wiedenhofer, A. Baumgart, D. Virág, S. Cooper, C. Gomez-Medina, F. Lehmann, T. Udelhoven, S. van der Linden, P. Hostert, H. Haberl. Weighing the US Economy: Map of Built Structures Unveils Patterns in Human-Dominated Landscapes. In prep Funding This research was primarly funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (MAT_STOCKS, grant agreement No 741950). Workflow development was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)—Project-ID 414984028-SFB 1404. Acknowledgments We thank the European Space Agency and the European Commission for freely and openly sharing Sentinel imagery; USGS for the National Land Cover Database; Microsoft for Building Footprints; Geofabrik and all contributors for OpenStreetMap.This dataset was partly produced on <a href="https://eodc.eu/">EODC</a> - we thank Clement Atzberger for supporting the generation of this dataset by sharing disc space on EODC.