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364 results for “Convection”
Generative convective parametrization of a dry atmospheric boundary layer
<p>The repository contains simulation snapshots of a dry convective boundary layer (CBL). The snapshots comprise horizontal snapshots of vertical velocity (w) and buoyancy (b) field at three heights, namely z/h(t) = 0.2, 0.5, 1.0. Further, the Python scripts for the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) are also provided, as well as the DNS renormalization procedure.</p>
Large-eddy simulation investigating the role of double-diffusive convection in basal melting of Antarctic ice shelves: model output
<p>Model output used in the publication:</p> <p>M. G. Rosevear, B. Gayen, B. K. Galton-Fenzi, The role of double-diffusive convection in the basal melting of Antarctic ice shelves. <em>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. </em>(2021) https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.207541118</p> <p>See README.md for a description of the data.</p>
Simulated severe convective wind events and environments from the Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric Regional Projections for Australia (BARPA)
<p>Contacts for further details:</p> <ul> <li>This data record and associated research: Andrew Brown (andrewb1@student.unimelb.edu.au)</li> <li>BARPA data: Chun Hsu Su (chunhsu.su@bom.gov.au), Christian Stassen (Christian.Stassen@bom.gov.au), Harvey Ye (harvey.ye@bom.gov.au)</li> </ul> <h1>Introduction</h1> <p>This record contains data in support of Brown et al. (2024), including post-processed regional climate model data, automatic weather station observations, and post-processed reanalysis data over southeastern Australia for various time periods <strong>over December-Febrary months only</strong> (see descriptions below). This data relates to analysis of severe convective wind gusts in historical and future climate, with analysis scripts in <a href="https://github.com/andrewbrown31/BARPA/tree/main/wind_gust_analysis">this repository</a>. The data are described here according to the directory structure of this record (noting the files and directories have been compressed into <code>barpa_data.tgz</code>), as well as the relevant data sources. </p> <h1>Data sources</h1> <ul> <li><strong>The Bureau of Meteorology Atmospheric Regional Projections for Australia (BARPA)</strong>. A regional climate model containing a regional (BARPA-R) and convection-permitting (BARPAC-M) configuration, with large-scale forcing from ERA-Interim (1990-2015) and ACCESS1-0 using a historical (1985-2005) and RCP8.5 (2039-2059) forcing. See Brown et al. (2024) and Su et al. (2021) for more details. Note that any reuse of this data should properly acknowledge the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Note also that the BARPA data used here was produced as part of the <a href="https://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/en/projects/esci/">Electricity Sector Climate Information project</a> (with licence and disclaimers <a href="https://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/en/projects/esci/risk-assessment/#Disclaimer">here</a>)<em>,</em> with more current BARPA versions (not used here) available at <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.25914/z1x6-dq28" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://dx.doi.org/10.25914/z1x6-dq28</a>. </li> <li><strong>Measured wind gusts from automatic weather stations (AWS)</strong>. Gust data is provided by the <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/stations/">Australian Bureau of Meteorology</a>, from 272 AWS locations over 2005-2015. Note that any reuse of this data should properly acknowledge the Australian Bureau of Meteorology.</li> <li><strong>The ERA5 reanalysis </strong>from the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (Hersbach 2020).</li> <li><strong>The ERA-Interim reanalysis</strong> from the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (Dee 2011).</li> </ul> <h1>/10min_points</h1> <p>This directory contains .csv files, with wind gust and related environmental data at 10-minute intervals at point locations, corresponding to automatic weather station locations. Data is available over 2005-2015. Files are named in the form <code>barpac_m_aws_<state>.csv</code> and <code>barpac_m_aws_<state>_barpa_r_interp.csv</code>. Here, <state> represents different administrative regions in southeast Australia, including New South Wales (nsw), Victoria (vic), South Australia (sa) and Tasmania (tas). See Figure 1 in Brown et al. (2024) for a map of station locations, that is also included in the /meta directory. The <code>barpa_r_interp</code> suffix indicates that the BARPAC-M wind gusts have been interpolated to the BARPA-R grid for comparison.</p> <p>This data is used in Brown et al. (2024) for evaluation and analysis of BARPA wind gusts in the historical climate (forced by ERA-Interim). The user is directed to that paper for more information on data processing. For the .csv files here, column descriptions are provided in Table 1, below.</p> <h1>/daily_points</h1> <p>This directory contains .csv files, with data associated with daily maximum wind gusts at point locations. This data is derived from the 10min_points data described above, with the same column descriptions in Table 1, below. The different files in this directory are as follows:</p> <ul> <li> <p><code>barpac_m_aws_dmax_obs.csv</code><br>Daily maximum observed wind gust from AWS measurements, with associated wind gust ratio and environmental conditions from ERA5.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>barpac_m_aws_dmax_2p2km.csv</code><br>Daily maximum simulated wind gust from BARPAC-M at closest grid point to AWS location, with associated wind gust ratio, lighting flash count, and environmental conditions from BARPA-R.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>barpac_m_aws_dmax_12km.csv</code><br>Daily maximum simulated wind gust from BARPA-R at closest grid point to AWS location, with associated wind gust ratio, lightning flash count, and environmental conditions.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>barpac_m_aws_dmax_erai.csv</code><br>Daily maximum simulated wind gust from ERA-Interim at closest grid point to AWS location, with associated wind gust ratio and environmental conditions from ERA5.</p> </li> <li> <p><code>barpac_m_aws_dmax_2p2km_barpa_r_interp.csv</code><br>As in <code>barpac_m_aws_dmax_2p2km.csv</code>, but wind gusts are interpolated to the BARPA-R grid prior to calculating the daily maximum.</p> </li> </ul> <h1>/monthly_nc</h1> <p>This directory contains monthly netcdf files at 12 km horizontal grid spacing, with post-processed BARPA data, relating to simulated severe convective wind gusts (from BARPAC-M), and their associated large-scale environments (from BARPA-R). This includes BARPAC-M and BARPA-R data that has been forced by the ACCESS1-0 global climate model, that is intended for analysis of future changes in severe convective wind events and environments. For further information, the user can refer to the internal file metadata, as well as Brown et al. (2024). The files in this directory are as follows (where <experiment> is either <code>hist</code> for historical climate forcing (1985-2005) or <code>rcp</code> for RCP8.5 climate forcing (2039-2059)):</p> <ul> <li> <p><code>barpac_scws_<experiment>_monthly.nc</code><br>Monthly counts of simulated severe convective wind events from BARPAC-M, for each type of environment (see <code>cluster</code> in Table 1).</p> </li> <li> <p><code>barpar_<experiment>_monthly.nc</code><br>Monthly counts of favouable severe convective wind environments from BARPA-R (using <code>bdsd</code>, see Table 1), for each type of environment (see <code>cluster</code> in Table 1).</p> </li> <li> <p><code>barpac_scws_bdsd_<experiment>.nc</code><br>Monthly counts of simulated severe convective wind events from BARPAC-M, that occur under favourable environmental conditions from BARPA-R. For each type of environment (see <code>cluster</code> in Table 1).</p> </li> <li> <p><code>barpac_max_<experiment>_monthly.nc</code><br>Monthly maximum simulated severe convective wind gust, from BARPAC-M, for each type of environment (see <code>cluster</code> in Table 1).</p> </li> </ul> <h1>/daily_nc</h1> <p>This directory contains monthly netcdf files at 12 km horizontal grid spacing, with daily maximum wind gusts from BARPAC-M, as well as the wind gust ratio (see <code>wgr_4</code> in Table 1) and the type of convective environment (from BARPA-R, see <code>cluster</code> in Table 1). This includes BARPA data that has been forced by ERA-Interim and by ACCESS1-0. For further information, the user can refer to the file metadata, as well as Brown et al. (2024). The files in this directory are as follows (where <code><experiment></code> is either <code>historical</code> for historical climate forcing or <code>rcp85</code> for RCP8.5 climate forcing, <code><forcing_model></code> is either <code>erai</code> for ERA-Interim or <code>ACCESS1-0</code>, <<code>date1></code> is the file start date and <code><date2></code> is the file end date):</p> <ul> <li><code>barpa_scw_<forcing_model>_<experiment>_0_<date1>_<date2>.nc</code></li> </ul> <h1>/meta</h1> <p>Lists of AWS stations, for each administrative state, with a file containing column descriptions. Note that not all of the stations listed in these files are used for analysis. Fig1.jpeg is from Brown et al. (2024), showing the BARPAC-M domain (also defines the netcdf file spatial extents), and the location of AWS.</p> <h3>Table 1</h3> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td><strong>Column</strong></td> <td><strong>Name</strong></td> <td><strong>Notes</strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td>stn_id</td> <td>Automatic weather station (AWS) identifier</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>time</td> <td>Wind gust time (UTC)</td> <td> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>gust</td> <td>Observed wind gust speed from AWS (m/s)</td> <td>Observed wind gusts are measured at a height of 10 m, and represent a 3-second average. Data is provided as a one-minute maximum, and is resampled to a 10-minute maximum here for comparison with BARPA</td> </tr> <tr> <td>wgr_4</td> <td>Wind gust ratio</td> <td>The observed wind gust ratio, defined as the ratio between <code>gust</code>, and the 4-hour mean from the 10-minute data here.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>time_6hr</td> <td>6-hourly time (UTC)</td> <td>The most recent 6-hourly time step prior to <code>time</code>, associated with environmental diagnostics.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>mu_cape</td> <td>Most unstable convective available potential energy (J/kg)</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from BARPA-R. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>s06</td> <td>Bulk vertical wind shear from the surface to 6 km above ground level (m/s)</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from BARPA-R. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>dcape</td> <td>Downdraft convective available potential energy (J/kg)</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from BARPA-R. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bdsd</td> <td>Brown and Dowdy (2021) Statistical Diagnostic (BDSD) for identifying favourable severe convective wind environments</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from BARPA-R. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>qmean01</td> <td>Mass-weighted mean mixing ratio from the surface to 1 km (g/kg)</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from BARPA-R. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Umean06</td> <td>Mass-weighted mean wind speed from the surface to 6 km above ground level (m/s)</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from BARPA-R. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>lr13</td> <td>Temperature lapse rate from 1 km above ground level to 3 km above ground level (◦C/km)</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from BARPA-R. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>cluster</td> <td>Environment type</td> <td> <p>Based on statistical clustering of severe convective wind environments by Brown et al. 2023<br>0: Strong background wind cluster<br>1: Steep lapse rate cluster<br>2: High moisture cluster</p> <p>Derived from BARPA-R</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>s06_era5</td> <td>See s06</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from ERA5. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>qmean01_era5</td> <td>See qmean01</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from ERA5. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Umean06_era5</td> <td>See Umea06</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from ERA5. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>lr13_era5</td> <td>See lr13</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from ERA5. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>bdsd_era5</td> <td>See bdsd</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from ERA5. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>dcape_era5</td> <td>See dcape</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from ERA5. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>mu_cape_era5</td> <td>See mu_cape</td> <td>Environmental diagnostic derived from ERA5. See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>cluster_era5</td> <td>See cluster</td> <td> <p>Based on statistical clustering of severe convective wind environments by Brown et al. 2023<br>0: Strong background wind cluster<br>1: Steep lapse rate cluster<br>2: High moisture cluster</p> <p>Derived from ERA5</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>wg10_12km_point</td> <td>Simulated wind gust from BARPA-R (m/s)</td> <td>Intended to represent a 10 meter wind gust. See Ma et al. (2018) for gust parameterisation details.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>wgr_12km_point</td> <td>Wind gust ratio from BARPA-R </td> <td>See wgr_4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>wg10_2p2km_point</td> <td>Simulated wind gust from BARPC-M (m/s)</td> <td>Intended to represent a 10 meter wind gust. See Ma et al. (2018) for gust parameterisation details.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>wgr_2p2km_point</td> <td>Wind gust ratio from BARPAC-M (see wgr_4)</td> <td>See wgr_4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>n_lightning_fl</td> <td>Number of daily lightning flashes from BARPAC-M</td> <td>See Brown et al. (2024) for more information.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>erai_wg10</td> <td>Simulated wind gust from ERA-Interim (m/s).</td> <td>Intended to represent a 10 meter wind gust. Note that ERA-Interim is provided in 3-hourly intervals, rather than 10-minute intervals for BARPA.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p>
The effect of solvent on convectively-driven silica particle assembly: Decoupling surface tension,viscosity, and evaporation rate
<p>Dataset associated with 'The effect of solvent on convectively-driven silica particle assembly: Decoupling surface tension, viscosity, and evaporation rate’.</p> <p>The data is based on the figures below, published in the linked article (see the doi).</p> <p><strong>- Figure 1. S</strong>egmented and raw images of dip-coated films. <strong>(images, .TIF)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure 2. </strong>Calculated surface coverages <strong>(data, .csv)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure 3. </strong>Rheology on SiO<sub>2</sub>-iPrOH-Glycerol mixtures & SEM micrographs of particle films. <strong>(data, .csv; images, .TIF)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure 4. </strong>SEM micrographs of silica helices films. <strong>(images, .TIF)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure S1. </strong>Measured evaporated masses of each solvent as a function of time. <strong>(data, .csv)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure S2. </strong>TEM micrographs of SiO2 seeds and measured particle diameters. <strong>(data, .csv; images, .TIF)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure S3. </strong>TEM micrographs of SiO particles and measured particle diameters. <strong>(data, .csv; images, .TIF)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure S4. </strong>Calculated solvent fractions as a function of time. <strong>(data, .csv)</strong></p> <p><strong>- Figure S5.</strong> Rheology of i-PrOH-glycerol mixtures.<strong> (data, .csv)</strong></p>
Radar-derived storm characteristics and convective diagnostics associated with hourly maximum measured wind gusts around Australia
<p>The data in this record describes various characteristics associated with hourly measured surface wind gusts across various locations in Australia, with these characteristics and data sources described below.</p> <p>This record provides all data used in the preparation of Brown et al. (2023a), except for lightning data that can be obtained from the <a href="https://wwlln.net/">World Wide Lightning Location Network archive</a></p> <p><strong>Record contents</strong></p> <ul> <li><em>gust_observations.zip</em><br> Within this zip archive, a <em>.csv</em> file is provided for wind gust observations, along with associated storm statistics from radar, and convective diagnostics from a global reanalysis. These data are provided for each of the 20 radar domains listed in Brown et al. (2023a). The <em>.csv</em> files follow the structure: <em>gust_observations_x.csv, </em>where <em>x </em>is the identification number for each radar from the <a href="https://www.openradar.io/operational-network">Australian Unified Radar Archive</a>.<br> </li> <li><em>station_details.csv</em><br> This file provides details on the automatic weather stations that measure the wind gusts, with station identifiers (column=Station_id) consistent between <em>station_details.csv </em>and<em> gust_observations_x.csv</em>.<br> </li> <li><em>Table1.pdf</em> <br> Descriptions of convective diagnostics from reanalysis, that are provided in <em>gust_observations_x.csv</em>. This table has been extracted from the supplementary information of Brown et al. (2023a), and references in this table can be found therein.<br> </li> <li><em>radar_details.pdf</em> <br> Taken from Table 1 from Brown et al. (2023a), showing the details of radars used here for storm statistics in <em>gust_observations_x.csv</em>.<br> </li> <li><em>Fig1.jpeg</em><br> Taken from from Brown et al. (2023a), showing a map of the radar domains used here for storm statistics in <em>gust_observations_x.csv</em>.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Wind gust data</strong></p> <p>Measured wind gusts here represent a 3-second average wind speed, at a height of 10 m above ground level. We also provide some derived quantities from the gust data (see table below). Gust data is provided by the <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/stations/">Australian Bureau of Meteorology</a>, from 204 automatic weather stations (<em>station_details.csv)</em>, chosen to be within 100 km of a weather radar with sufficient archived data. These data are originally provided by the Bureau of Meteorology at 1-minute frequency, representing a maximum over a 1-minute interval, but are resampled in this record to hourly frequency, for comparisons with other hourly data below (see Brown et al. (2023a) for details of this resampling). Note that any reuse of this data should properly acknowledge the Australian Bureau of Meteorology.</p> <p><strong>Radar data</strong></p> <p>Radar data is obtained by the <a href="https://www.openradar.io/">Australian Unified Radar Archive</a> (AURA), produced from operational weather radar within the Australian Bureau of Meteorology network. The level1b data used here is available from the AURA dataset on the Australian NCI under a CC4-BY-NC licence from <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.25914/5f4c85732ee80">https://dx.doi.org/10.25914/5f4c85732ee80</a>. Various properties derived from radar reflectivity and Doppler velocity data is reported here in association with the wind gust observations. These properties are only reported if there is a storm object within 10 km and 10 minutes of the gust location (see Brown et al. (2023a) for storm object definition). Radar properties are described in the table below.</p> <p><strong>Environmental data</strong></p> <p>Various convective diagnostics are associated with wind gust observations, representing the convective environment and large-scale wind profile. These diagnostics are derived from a combination of pressure-level and surface-level ERA5 data (Hersbach et al. 2020), which is provided at hourly intervals on a 0.25-degree latitude-longitude grid, hosted on the Australian NCI (<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.25914/5fb115b82e2ba">http:// dx.doi.org/10.25914/5fb115b82e2ba</a>). Details on these convective diagnostics are provided in Brown et al. (2023a), and<strong> </strong>in <em>Table1.pdf</em> as provided in this record.</p> <p><strong>Column descriptions</strong></p> <p>The following table provides descriptions of columns of <em>gust_observations_x.csv</em></p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Column name</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>dt_utc</td> <td>Time of the measured wind gust, from the automatic weather station data (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS UTC)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Station_id</td> <td>Identification number of the weather station that measured the gust. See <em>station_details.csv </em>for details of each station</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Wind_gust_observed</td> <td>The measured wind gust speed (m/s)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Peak_to_mean_wind_gust_ratio</td> <td>Ratio of the measured wind gust to the 4-hour mean at that station (with the window centred on the gust time)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SCW</td> <td>Is the measured gust a severe convective wind event?<br> 0: Gust is either less than 25 m/s, does not have a storm object within 10 km, or has a peak-to-mean wind gust ratio less than 2.<br> 1: Gust is greater than 25 m/s, has a storm object within 10 km, and has a peak-to-mean wind gust ratio greater than 2.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Radar_id</td> <td>Radar identification number (see <em>radar_details.pdf)</em></td> </tr> <tr> <td>Storm_speed</td> <td>Translational speed of the parent storm object (m/s). Only defined if Storm_in10km=1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Storm_angle</td> <td>Angle of parent storm object movement. In units of degrees from N. Only defined if Storm_in10km=1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Parent_storm_class</td> <td>The type of parent storm associated with a gust. Only defined if Storm_in10km=1. Possible types are:<br> "Non-linear"<br> "Linear"<br> "Cellular"<br> "Cell cluster"<br> "Supercellular"<br> "Embedded supercell"<br> See Brown et al. (2023a) for classification details</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Storm_in10km</td> <td>Is there a radar-derived storm object within 10 km of the gust, observed no more than 10 minutes prior to the gust?<br> 0: No<br> 1: Yes<br> See Brown et al. (2023a) for a definition of "storm object"</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Major_axis_length</td> <td>The length of the major axis of an ellipse fitted to the parent storm object (km). Only defined if Storm_in10km=1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Minor_axis_length</td> <td>The length of the minor axis of an ellipse fitted to the parent storm object (km). Only defined if Storm_in10km=1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Local_reflectivity_maxima</td> <td>Number of local reflectivity maxima within the parent storm object. Only defined if Storm_in10km=1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Maximum_storm_altitude</td> <td>The maximum height of the parent storm radar reflectivity object (km). Only defined if Storm_in10km=1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Azimuthal_shear</td> <td>Azimuthal shear of the parent storm object derived from radar data (s<sup>-1 </sup>x 1000). Only defined if Storm_in10km=1. See Brown et al (2023a) for a discussion of azimuthal shear and processing applied to this quantity here.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ERA5_time</td> <td>Time of the ERA5 environmental data that is associated with the measured gust, corresponding to the closest previous hour (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS UTC).</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ERA5_latitude</td> <td>Location of closest ERA5 (land) grid point to measured gust, in degrees of latitude</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ERA5_longitude</td> <td>Location of closest ERA5 (land) grid point to measured gust, in degrees of longitude</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Environmental_cluster</td> <td>Event type, based on statistical clustering of environmental data (Brown et al. 2023b)<br> 0: Strong background wind cluster<br> 1: Steep lapse rate cluster<br> 2: High moisture cluster</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Umean06</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Umean01</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>U10</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>WindGust10</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>S06</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EBWD</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Umeanwindinf</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SRHE</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SRH06</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DMI</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LR_subcloud</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LR_freezing</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LR03</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LR13</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>WMSI</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BDSD</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ConvGust_wet</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ConvGust_dry</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>GUSTEX</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DmgWind</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DmgWind_fixed</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DCAPE</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>WMPI</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>WINDEX</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DowndraftTemp</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ThetaeDiff</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TEI</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>WNDG</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DCP</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SCP</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SCP_fixed</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SHERB</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SHERBE</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SWEAT</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MUCS6</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MLCS6</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EffCS6</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>T_Totals</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>K_Index</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Eff_CAPE</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Eff_LCL</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MLCAPE</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ML_LCL</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MUCAPE</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>MU_LCL</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Qmean01</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Qmean06</td> <td>Convective diagnostic derived from ERA5 data. See Table1.pdf</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Brown, A., Dowdy, A., Lane, T. P., & Hitchcock, S. (2023b). Types of Severe Convective Wind Events in Eastern Australia. <em>Monthly Weather Review</em>, <em>151</em>(2), 419–448. https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR-D-22-0096.1</p> <p>Brown, A., A. Dowdy, T. P. Lane, & Hitchcock, S. (2023a). Long-term observational characteristics of different severe convective wind types around Australia. <em>Wea. Forecasting</em>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-23-0069.1">https://doi.org/10.1175/WAF-D-23-0069.1</a>, in press.</p> <p>Hersbach, H., Bell, B., Berrisford, P., Hirahara, S., Horányi, A., Muñoz‐Sabater, J., et al. (2020). The ERA5 Global Reanalysis. <em>Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society</em>, qj.3803. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803</p>
UM experiments for "Continuous Structural Parameterization: A proposed method for representing different model parameterizations within one structure demonstrated for atmospheric convection"
<p>NetCDF4 files containing UM vn 11.1 data used in Lambert et al., 2020, Continuous Structural Parameterization: A proposed method for representing different model parameterizations within one structure demonstrated for atmospheric convection, submitted to Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems.</p> <p>Key:</p> <p>"summaryday.nc" contain eleven months of data in each year, excluding either February or March.</p> <p>"summarydat2.nc" contain one month of data in each year, either February or March.</p> <p>"last5" indicates that for this simulation only the last five years of data are available.</p> <p>"llcs" are simulations with Lambert-Lewis.</p> <p>"gr" are simulations with Gregory-Rowntree.</p> <p>"llcsemu" are simulations with the Lambert-Lewis emulator.</p> <p>"gremu" are simulations with the Gregory-Rowntree emulator.</p> <p>"llcsemu_llcs" is the test simulation wherein the LLCS emulator is run equatorward of 30 degrees and the original LLCS convection scheme is run poleward of 30 degrees.</p> <p>"4xco2" have 4 x pre-industrial atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. (Others have 1 x pre-industrial atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration.)</p> <p>"rh0.7" and "rh0.9" have LLCS RHCRIT set to 70% and 90% respectively.</p> <p>"30day" are one month simulations for July for which daily output are available. Other data are monthly mean only.</p> <p> </p>
Moisture-Precipitation Couplings for Mesoscale Convective Systems in Tracking Data and Idealized Simulations
<p>Morphological properties, collocated synoptic conditions, and collocated rainfall for mesoscale convective systems in 1) the ISCCP Convective Tracking (CT) dataset with coincident data from the ERA-Interim (ERA-I) reanalysis and the Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP) product and 2) long-channel radiative-convective equilibrium (RCE) simulations in the System for Atmospheric Modeling (SAM).</p> <p><strong>ISCCP_tracking_colloc.tar.gz </strong>- NetCDF files by year from 2000 to 2004 inclusive including ISCCP-CT morphological properties of MCSs, a series of collocated synoptic variables from ERA-5 (including specific humidity, temperature, vertical velocity, and cloud condensate profiles), and collocated precipitation intensity and accumulation from MSWEP.</p> <p><strong>RCE_colloc_execution1.tar.gz</strong> - NetCDF files including RCE-SAM extent of MCSs (RCE_COL_cluster-sizes_*.nc), as well as collocated synoptic variables. Collocation of synoptic variables is performed for these files by extracting and averaging the variables over grid cells where the precipitation is greater than either its mean (RCE_COL_MEAN_*.nc) or its 99th percentile (RCE_COL_99_*.nc).</p> <p><strong>RCE_colloc_execution2.tar.gz</strong> - NetCDF files including RCE-SAM extent of MCSs (RCE_COL_cluster-sizes_*.nc), as well as collocated synoptic variables. Collocation of synoptic variables is performed for these files by taking either the mean (RCE_COL_MEAN_*.nc) or the 99th percentile (RCE_COL_99_*.nc) value over all grid cells within the MCS.<br><br>For the NetCDF files from RCE output, the numeric value in the file name is the corresponding sea surface temperature from 280 to 310 K.</p>
Developing Digital Image Processing methods to quantify internal and interfacial convection in the Hele-Shaw cell, with applications to the laboratory ice-ocean boundary layer
<p>This dataset provides the video and image files obtained from Schlieren optical experiment 3 performed in the <span>Laboratoire de Glaciologie (GLACIOL)</span> at the Universite de libre Bruxelles. A document detailing the visual data and supporting figures is presented (DataOverview.pdf). </p>
Vertical Profiles of Convection-Permitting Simulations for Predicting Thunderstorm Occurrence
<p>This repository contains datasets for training and evaluation of the machine learning (ML) models in K. Vahid Yousefnia et al., <em>Inferring Thunderstorm Occurrence from Vertical Profiles of Convection-Permitting Simulations: Physical Insights from a Physical Deep Learning Model</em>, 2024 (submitted to <em>Artificial Intelligence for the Earth Systems,</em> preprint available at https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.20087).</p>
A convection-permitting and limited-area model hindcast driven by ERA5 data: MOLOCH precipitation monthly data for the period 1979-2019
<p>This dataset represents a hindcast of monthly total precipitation for the period 1979-2019. Data were obtained using the convection-permitting MOLOCH model fed by BOLAM and ERA5 data as initial and boundary conditions. For additional details, see the reference below.</p> <p>Citation = "Capecchi V, et al 'A convection-permitting and limited-area model hindcast driven by ERA5 data: precipitation performances in Italy.' Climate Dynamics 61.3 (2023): 1411-1437";</p> <p>Creator_name = "Valerio Capecchi";</p> <p>Contact = "capecchi@lamma.toscana.it";</p> <p>Institute = "LaMMA - Laboratorio di Meteorologia e Modellistica Ambientale per lo sviluppo sostenibile";</p> <p>Geospatial bounds = "longitude: 2.4 to 19.873; latitude: 34.21235 to 49.64985 (Italy and nearby areas)";</p> <p>Grid spacing = "2.5 km";</p> <p>Grid = "506x626"</p>
A convection-permitting and limited-area model hindcast driven by ERA5 data: BOLAM precipitation monthly data for the period 1979-2019
<p>This dataset represents a hindcast of monthly total precipitation for the period 1979-2019. Data were obtained using the BOLAM model fed by ERA5 data as initial and boundary conditions. For additional details, see the reference below.</p> <p>Citation = "Capecchi V, et al 'A convection-permitting and limited-area model hindcast driven by ERA5 data: precipitation performances in Italy.' Climate Dynamics 61.3 (2023): 1411-1437";</p> <p>Creator_name = "Valerio Capecchi";</p> <p>Contact = "capecchi@lamma.toscana.it";</p> <p>Institute = "LaMMA - Laboratorio di Meteorologia e Modellistica Ambientale per lo sviluppo sostenibile";</p> <p>Geospatial bounds = "longitude: -26 to 53.121 by 0.089 degrees_east; latitude: 25.035 to 58.705 by 0.07 degrees_north (the Mediterranean Sea and nearby areas)";</p> <p>Grid spacing = "7 km";</p> <p>Grid = "890x482"</p>
A convection-permitting and limited-area model hindcast driven by ERA5 data: MOLOCH precipitation daily data for the period 1979-2019
<p>This dataset represents a hindcast of daily total precipitation for the period 1979-2019. Data were obtained using the convection-permitting MOLOCH model fed by BOLAM and ERA5 data as initial and boundary conditions. For additional details, see the reference below.</p> <p>Citation = "Capecchi V, et al 'A convection-permitting and limited-area model hindcast driven by ERA5 data: precipitation performances in Italy.' Climate Dynamics 61.3 (2023): 1411-1437";</p> <p>Creator_name = "Valerio Capecchi";</p> <p>Contact = "capecchi@lamma.toscana.it";</p> <p>Institute = "LaMMA - Laboratorio di Meteorologia e Modellistica Ambientale per lo sviluppo sostenibile";</p> <p>Geospatial bounds = "longitude: 2.4 to 19.873; latitude: 34.21235 to 49.64985 (Italy and nearby areas)";</p> <p>Grid spacing = "2.5 km";</p> <p>Grid = "506x626"</p>
A consistent discretization of the single-field two-phase momentum convection term for the unstructured finite volume Level Set / Front Tracking method - data
<p>Research data from the rhoLENT unstructured Level Set / Front Tracking method for simulating two-phase flows with large density ratios. </p>
The Tracing Convective Momentum Transport in Complex Cloudy Atmospheres Experiment - Level 1
<p>The first field campaign from the Tracing Convective Momentum Transport in Complex Cloudy Atmospheres experiment project (CMTRACE) took place in Cabauw, the Netherlands, between September 13th and October 3rd 2021. During this field campaign, two cloud radars and one wind lidar were operated with a similar scanning strategy for deriving wind speed and direction profiles from near the surface up to cloud tops. Here we provide the daily Level 1 data from each instrument. At this level, several processing steps were applied to the raw data to minimize offsets, reduce the number of spurious data and derive wind speed and direction profiles; however, the data from each instrument is kept on its original spatial and temporal resolution. The raw data is available for the users on request from the corresponding author.</p> <p><strong>Prefix identificaiton:</strong></p> <p>Lidar data: cmtrace_cabauw_wls200-218<br> Scanning radar data: cmtrace_cabauw_rpg_radar_35-94<br> Vertically pointing radar data: cmtrace_cabauw_rpg_radar_94</p> <p> </p>
HipFT Sample Input Dataset for Convective Flows and Data Assimilation
<p>This file package is a sample data set for running <a href="https://www.github.com/predsci/hipft">HipFT</a> with convective flows and data assimilation. </p> <p>The convective flows were generated with the <a href="https://www.github.com/predsci/conflow">ConFlow</a> code (soon to be released), while the data assimilation maps were processed from HMI M720s LOS data using the <a href="https://www.github.com/predsci/MagMAP">MagMAP</a> package (also soon to be released).</p> <p>See the enclosed README file on how to run an example included in the HipFT package that uses the two data sets.</p>
RTI Experiment Simulation assuming Convective and Diffusive Interstitial Transport in the Brain: Concentration over time (and space)
<p>Simulation of interstitial transport in the brain assuming convective and diffusive transport with perivascular efflux routes. The movie shows the transient concentration of TMA ions in a real-time iontophoresis (RTI) experiment, where a small molecular probe is applied to brain tissue at a known rate and its concentration measured over time a a point 100-200um away, here 150 um. RTI experiments are used to characterize the properties of interstitial tissue to determine its void volume and tortuosity, 0.18 and 1.85 for the condition shown here. In this simulation, a model of combined diffusion and convection (superficial velocity=50 um/min) is applied to fit experimental data and range. (Convection assumes Darcy's Law with a hydraulic conductivity of 2x10<sup>-6</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> mmHg s<sup>-1</sup> and pressure difference of 2.15 mmHg). The model domain is a cube 750 um on a side with 8 penetrating arterioles and 8 penetrating venules. The first and third columns from the left are venules and the second and fourth are arterioles, with convective flow from arteriole to venule. As transport of molecules in the perivascular space is known to be faster than in the interstitium, the concentration is assumed to be c=0 at the vascular walls. The solute (TMA) must pass through a perivascular wall with lower diffusivity than the interstitium to leave the domain through a vascular wall (D<sub>wall</sub>=5%D<sub>interstitium</sub>). Although it is difficult to see in the movie, both the presence of convection and the perivascular efflux routes cause range(variability) in the measured concentration curves for different source and detection point combinations that is consistent with experimental data--see additional posted data. Computations performed using FEniCS, movie made using Paraview. </p>
Uncertainty quantification of parenchymal tracer distribution using random diffusion and convective velocity fields (data sets)
<p>Supplementary dataset for Uncertainty quantification of parenchymal tracer distribution using random diffusion and convective velocity fields. Output functionals of interest from finite element simulations together with postprocessing source code. </p>
Maintenance of Convectively Coupled Kelvin waves: Relative Importance of Internal Thermodynamic Feedback and External Momentum Forcing (Code and Data)
<p>This is the dataset and code for generating all figures for the journal article named "Maintenance of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves: Relative Importance of Internal Thermodynamic Feedback and External Momentum Forcing," The article was written by Mu-Ting Chien and Daehyun Kim and submitted to Geophysical Research Letters in 2024.</p>
Sublimation driven convection in Sputnik Planitia on Pluto
<p>Results obtained with a numerical code of mantle convection with temperature-dependent viscosity (StagYY by Paul J. Tackley, ETH Zürich) to model convection in Sputnik Planitia (Pluto). Convection is driven by surface cooling owing to sublimation at the surface.</p> <p>All the data needed to produce the figures in the paper and supplements are provided, along with the python script used to create them. The script will need some modifications to be able to run without accessing the raw data (too big for any repository) since these are used for snapshot informations. The script is therefore provided as a record of post-treatment techniques. Figures can nevertheless be reproduced from the provided data using standard python packages. Contact the authors for help if needed. </p>
Dataset of "Genetically-inspired convective heat transfer enhancement in a turbulent boundary layer"
<p>Dataset of the article "Genetically-inspired convective heat transfer enhancement in a turbulent boundary layer" (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120621">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.120621</a>). The dataset contains:</p> <p>- the velocity fields, measured with Particle Image Velocimetry, for the case of the boundary layer without actuation, with actuation with a steady jet, and for the best individual obtained after the optimization of the pulsed jet parameters.</p> <p>- the parameters of the individuals generated in the optimization process.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.