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Sea-ice induced Southern Ocean subsurface warming and surface cooling in a warming climate: ROMS model data
<p><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This data set contains model output data from the regional ocean modelling system (ROMS) that was set up for the Southern Ocean (south of 24 °S; Haumann, 2016) to analyze the effects of changing surface freshwater and momentum fluxes on Southern Ocean water-mass changes over the period 1980 to 2011. All data is provided in NetCDF format. The data set contains 3 sets 40-year long model spin-up, control, and 3 perturbation simulations each. The sets differ by their model mean state to assess the effect of surface salinity biases on the results. One set of simulations are reference simulations where salinity is restored to the observed surface salinity during model spin-up, and the other two sets are simulations in which the restoring surface salinity has been altered by plus and minus 0.1 PSU, respectively. The control and perturbation simulations are 40-year extensions of the respective model spin-up simulations. In the perturbation simulations either the surface freshwater fluxes or momentum fluxes are instantaneously perturbed after the spin-up simulation to reflect the observation-derived changes in these surface fluxes and then held constant (at the perturbed level) for 40 years. They consist of sea-ice freshwater flux, glacial meltwater flux, and atmosphere-ocean momentum flux changes. Details on the model setup, forcing, and simulations can be obtained from the related research article by Haumann et al. (2020; https://doi.org/10.1029/2019AV000132).</p> <p><br> <strong>Contacts:</strong></p> <p>F. Alexander Haumann, ORCID: 0000-0002-8218-977X. Email: alexander.haumann@gmail.com</p> <p><br> <strong>License:</strong></p> <p>When using this data users must cite the original research article by Haumann et al. (2020) published in AGU Advances (https://doi.org/10.1029/2019AV000132). This model output data set is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</p> <p><br> <strong>Citations:</strong></p> <p>Haumann, F. A., Gruber, N., Münnich, M. (2020): Sea-ice Induced Southern Ocean Subsurface Warming and Surface Cooling in a Warming Climate. AGU Advances, 1, e2019AV000132. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019AV000132</p> <p>Haumann, F. A., Gruber, N., Münnich, M. (2020): Sea-ice induced Southern Ocean subsurface warming and surface cooling in a warming climate: ROMS model data. (Version 1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3709154</p> <p><br> <strong>Data processing:</strong></p> <p>The model data provided here has been processed for analysis and, due to storage constraints, only variables and averages used in the related research article (Haumann et al., 2020) are published here. Years refer to model years since initiation, i.e. the start of the spin-up simulation, and reach a maximum of 80 at the end of the control and perturbation experiments. Averages are either annual means over an indicated period ('yearly'), overall means over an indicated period ('mean'), or monthly climatologies over an indicated period ('clim'). 'Yearly' and 'Clim' values are provided either for surface fields or vertically integrated fields ('surf'). 'Mean' values are provided on the native vertical model grid as 3D fields. 'Yearly' zonal mean ('zonalmean') values have been first interpolated to from the native vertical model grid to a regular vertical z-level grid and then zonally averaged. All data has been stored in NetCDF format and compressed using level 1 deflation (https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/blogs/developer/entry/netcdf_compression). Full monthly mean model output from these simulations and the forcing fields can be obtained from the corresponding author upon request (alexander.haumann@gmail.com).</p> <p><br> <strong>Standards:</strong></p> <p>Data files have been formatted as Network Common Data Form (NetCDF; https://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/) in Hierarchical Data Format, version 5 (https://portal.hdfgroup.org/display/knowledge/HDF5+Documentation)</p> <p><br> <strong>Contents:</strong></p> <p><em>Data</em><br> - ROMS_SO_d025_grd.nc, ROMS grid file (Note: one row of ghost points on either side of the grid), compressed netcdf-file<br> - ROMS_SO_d025_ref_spinup, ROMS output from reference spin-up simulation, 4 netcdf-files:<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_spinup_clim.31-40.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 31 to 40, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_spinup_mean.31-40.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 31 to 40, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_spinup_yearly.31-40.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated annual mean fields for years 31 to 40, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_spinup_yearly.zlev.zonalmean.31-40.nc, vertically interpolated (z-level) and zonally averaged annual mean fields for years 31 to 40, netcdf-file<br> - ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_spinup, ROMS output from minus 0.1 PSU sensitivity spin-up simulation, 4 netcdf-files:<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_spinup_clim.31-40.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 31 to 40, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_spinup_mean.31-40.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 31 to 40, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_spinup_yearly.31-40.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated annual mean fields for years 31 to 40, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_spinup_yearly.zlev.zonalmean.31-40.nc, vertically interpolated (z-level) and zonally averaged annual mean fields for years 31 to 40, netcdf-file<br> - ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_spinup, ROMS output from plus 0.1 PSU sensitivity spin-up simulation, 4 netcdf-files:<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_spinup_clim.31-40.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 31 to 40, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_spinup_mean.31-40.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 31 to 40, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_spinup_yearly.31-40.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated annual mean fields for years 31 to 40, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_spinup_yearly.zlev.zonalmean.31-40.nc, vertically interpolated (z-level) and zonally averaged annual mean fields for years 31 to 40, netcdf-file<br> - ROMS_SO_d025_ref_ctrl, ROMS output from reference control simulation, 4 netcdf-files:<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_ctrl_clim.46-55.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_ctrl_clim.61-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_ctrl_mean.46-55.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_ctrl_mean.61-80.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_ctrl_yearly.41-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_ctrl_yearly.zlev.zonalmean.41-80.nc, vertically interpolated (z-level) and zonally averaged annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> - ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_ctrl, ROMS output from minus 0.1 PSU sensitivity control simulation, 4 netcdf-files:<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_ctrl_clim.46-55.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_ctrl_clim.61-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_ctrl_mean.46-55.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_ctrl_mean.61-80.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_ctrl_yearly.41-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_ctrl_yearly.zlev.zonalmean.41-80.nc, vertically interpolated (z-level) and zonally averaged annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> - ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_ctrl, ROMS output from plus 0.1 PSU sensitivity control simulation, 4 netcdf-files:<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_ctrl_clim.46-55.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_ctrl_clim.61-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_ctrl_mean.46-55.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_ctrl_mean.61-80.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_ctrl_yearly.41-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_ctrl_yearly.zlev.zonalmean.41-80.nc, vertically interpolated (z-level) and zonally averaged annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> - ROMS_SO_d025_ref_seaice, ROMS output from reference sea-ice freshwater flux perturbation simulation, 4 netcdf-files:<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_seaice_clim.46-55.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_seaice_clim.61-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_seaice_mean.46-55.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_seaice_mean.61-80.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_seaice_yearly.41-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_seaice_yearly.zlev.zonalmean.41-80.nc, vertically interpolated (z-level) and zonally averaged annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> - ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_seaice, ROMS output from minus 0.1 PSU sensitivity sea-ice freshwater flux perturbation simulation, 4 netcdf-files:<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_seaice_clim.46-55.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_seaice_clim.61-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_seaice_mean.46-55.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_seaice_mean.61-80.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_seaice_yearly.41-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_seaice_yearly.zlev.zonalmean.41-80.nc, vertically interpolated (z-level) and zonally averaged annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> - ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_seaice, ROMS output from plus 0.1 PSU sensitivity sea-ice freshwater flux perturbation simulation, 4 netcdf-files:<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_seaice_clim.46-55.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_seaice_clim.61-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_seaice_mean.46-55.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_seaice_mean.61-80.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_seaice_yearly.41-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_seaice_yearly.zlev.zonalmean.41-80.nc, vertically interpolated (z-level) and zonally averaged annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> - ROMS_SO_d025_ref_glacial, ROMS output from reference glacial meltwater flux perturbation simulation, 4 netcdf-files:<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_glacial_clim.46-55.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_glacial_clim.61-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_glacial_mean.46-55.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_glacial_mean.61-80.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_glacial_yearly.41-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_glacial_yearly.zlev.zonalmean.41-80.nc, vertically interpolated (z-level) and zonally averaged annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> - ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_glacial, ROMS output from minus 0.1 PSU sensitivity glacial meltwater flux perturbation simulation, 4 netcdf-files:<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_glacial_clim.46-55.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_glacial_clim.61-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_glacial_mean.46-55.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_glacial_mean.61-80.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_glacial_yearly.41-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_glacial_yearly.zlev.zonalmean.41-80.nc, vertically interpolated (z-level) and zonally averaged annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> - ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_glacial, ROMS output from plus 0.1 PSU sensitivity glacial meltwater flux perturbation simulation, 4 netcdf-files:<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_glacial_clim.46-55.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_glacial_clim.61-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_glacial_mean.46-55.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_glacial_mean.61-80.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_glacial_yearly.41-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_glacial_yearly.zlev.zonalmean.41-80.nc, vertically interpolated (z-level) and zonally averaged annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> - ROMS_SO_d025_ref_momentum, ROMS output from reference atmopshere-ocean momentum flux perturbation simulation, 4 netcdf-files:<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_momentum_clim.46-55.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_momentum_clim.61-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_momentum_mean.46-55.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_momentum_mean.61-80.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_momentum_yearly.41-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_ref_momentum_yearly.zlev.zonalmean.41-80.nc, vertically interpolated (z-level) and zonally averaged annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> - ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_momentum, ROMS output from minus 0.1 PSU sensitivity atmopshere-ocean momentum flux perturbation simulation, 4 netcdf-files:<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_momentum_clim.46-55.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_momentum_clim.61-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_momentum_mean.46-55.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_momentum_mean.61-80.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_momentum_yearly.41-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_minus01_momentum_yearly.zlev.zonalmean.41-80.nc, vertically interpolated (z-level) and zonally averaged annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> - ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_momentum, ROMS output from plus 0.1 PSU sensitivity atmopshere-ocean momentum flux perturbation simulation, 4 netcdf-files:<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_momentum_clim.46-55.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_momentum_clim.61-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated climatological monthly mean fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_momentum_mean.46-55.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 46 to 55, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_momentum_mean.61-80.nc, 3D averaged fields for years 61 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_momentum_yearly.41-80.surf.nc, 2D surface or vertically integrated annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> -- ROMS_SO_d025_plus01_momentum_yearly.zlev.zonalmean.41-80.nc, vertically interpolated (z-level) and zonally averaged annual mean fields for years 41 to 80, netcdf-file<br> <br> <em>File headers</em><br> - ROMS_SO_d025_grd:<br> angle [radians]: angle between xi axis and east<br> f [second-1]: Coriolis parameter at RHO-points<br> h [meter]: Final bathymetry at RHO-points<br> hraw [meter]: Working bathymetry at RHO-points<br> lat_rho [degree_north]: latitude of RHO-points<br> lat_psi [degree_north]: latitude of PSI-points<br> lat_u [degree_north]: latitude of U-points<br> lat_v [degree_north]: latitude of V-points<br> lon_rho [degree_east]: longitude of RHO-points<br> lon_psi [degree_east]: longitude of PSI-points<br> lon_u [degree_east]: longitude of U-points<br> lon_v [degree_east]: longitude of V-points<br> mask_rho [-]: mask on RHO-points<br> mask_u [-]: mask on U-points<br> mask_v [-]: mask on V-points<br> pm [meter-1]: curvilinear coordinate metric in XI<br> pn [meter-1]: curvilinear coordinate metric in ETA<br> spherical [char]: Grid type logical switch<br> - ROMS_SO_d025_*_clim.*.surf.nc, ROMS_SO_d025_*_yearly.*.surf.nc:<br> time [days since 0000-01-01 00:00:00]: time<br> lon [degree_east]: longitude<br> lat [degree_north]: latitude<br> zeta [meter]: averaged free-surface elevation<br> temp [degree_celsius]: averaged potential temperature<br> salt [psu]: averaged salinity<br> rho [kilogram meter-3]: averaged density anomaly from model reference density of 1027 kilogram meter-3<br> mld [meter]: averaged mixed layer depth<br> n2 [seconds-2]: averaged buoyancy frequency (upper 100 m)<br> n2temp [seconds-2]: averaged buoyancy frequency due to temperature (upper 100 m)<br> n2salt [seconds-2]: averaged buoyancy frequency due to salinity (upper 100 m)<br> heat_100 [10^18 J]: averaged ocean heat content (upper 100 m)<br> heat_100_2000 [10^18 J]: averaged ocean heat content (between 100 m and 2000 m)" ;<br> - ROMS_SO_d025_*_mean.*.nc:<br> time [days since 0000-01-01 00:00:00]: time<br> lon [degree_east]: longitude<br> lat [degree_north]: latitude<br> zeta [meter]: averaged free-surface elevation<br> temp [degree_celsius]: averaged potential temperature<br> salt [psu]: averaged salinity<br> rho [kilogram meter-3]: averaged density anomaly from model reference density of 1027 kilogram meter-3<br> - ROMS_SO_d025_*_yearly.zlev.zonalmean.*.nc:<br> time [days since 0000-01-01 00:00:00]: time<br> lat [degree_north]: latitude of RHO-points<br> lat_v [degree_north]: latitude of V-points<br> depth [meter]: depth of levels<br> temp [degree_celsius]: averaged potential temperature<br> salt [psu]: averaged salinity<br> rho [kilogram meter-3]: averaged density anomaly from model reference density of 1027 kilogram meter-3<br> moc [10^6 meter^3 second^-1]: averaged meridional overturning circulation on V-points<br> Missing values: missing values are filled as '-9.99e+20'.</p> <p><em>Metadata</em><br> - README.txt, metadata, text format</p> <p><br> <strong>References:</strong></p> <p>Haumann, F. A. (2016): Southern Ocean response to recent changes in surface freshwater fluxes. Doctoral Thesis. ETH Zurich. doi:10.3929/ethz-b-000166276.</p> <p><br> <strong>Acknowledgments:</strong></p> <p>This work was supported by ETH Research Grant CH2-01 11-1 and by the SNSF grant numbers P2EZP2_175162 and P400P2_186681, as well as NSF’s SOCCOM Project under NSF Award No. PLR-1425989.</p>
Dataset of "Molecular dynamics of evaporative cooling of water clusters"
<p>The cooling of water clusters through evaporation into a vacuum is studied using classical molecular dynamics with the SPC water model, and the results are compared with semimacroscopic theory. A model based on the Hertz–Knudsen equation underestimates the cooling rates. A modified approach, which accounts for the Kelvin equation, provides better results. While the rotational temperature of the clusters is in equilibrium with their internal temperature, the translational temperature of the clusters “as individual particles” remains unchanged.</p>
Steady-state operation dataset of an experimental Wet Cooling Tower pilot plant located at Plataforma Solar de Almería
<p>Repository that contains experimental data obtained from a Wet Cooling Tower (WCT) plant located at <a href="https://www.psa.es/es/index.php">Plataforma Solar de Almería</a>.</p> <p>For the article "Wet cooling tower performance prediction in CSP plants: A comparison between artificial neural networks and Poppe’s model", three experimental campaigns were used, quoting from the article:</p> <blockquote> <p>A total of 132 steady-state experimental points have been obtained thanks to the thorough experimentation conducted. These data cover a large variety of ambient conditions (different seasons, days and nights) and thermal loads (from 27 kW to 207 kW). </p> </blockquote> <p> </p> <p>See <code>README.md</code> for a more detailed description and instructions on how to use the data.</p> <h2><br>License</h2> <p><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0. Attribution 4.0 International</a></p> <p>If the data is used as part of a scientific publication, please cite the source publication:</p> <div> <div>Serrano, Juan Miguel, Pedro Navarro, Javier Ruiz, Patricia Palenzuela, Manuel Lucas, and Lidia Roca. “Wet Cooling Tower Performance Prediction in CSP Plants: A Comparison between Artificial Neural Networks and Poppe’s Model.” <em>Energy</em> 303 (September 15, 2024): 131844. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.131844">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.131844</a>.</div> </div>
Results: Predicted cooling effect, deaths prevented and associated economic value from public green spaces in Paris V2
<p>This dataset represents results predicting the cooling effect, deaths prevented and associated economic value for public green spaces in Paris for 40 hot days above the minimum mortality threshold in 2019. </p> <p>This is version 2. The value of a statistical life (VSL) has been corrcted and all values adjusted. </p> <p>The data format is a shapefile with coordinate reference system RGF93 v1 / Lambert-93 (EPSG:2154).</p> <p>Please see the Variable_name csv file for description of the variable names. </p> <p>The (non-reproducible) code is available at https://github.com/j-k-garrett/REGREEN_Paris_heat</p> <p>These results are from the submitted (September 2025) paper entitled:</p> <p><strong><span>Nature-Based Solutions for Urban Heat: Health and Economic Value of Paris’s Public Green Spaces</span></strong></p> <p>Authored by:</p> <p>Joanne K. Garrett<sup>1</sup>, David Neil Bird<sup>2</sup>, Timothy J. Taylor<sup>1</sup>, Elizabeth McCarthy<sup>3</sup>, David H. Fletcher<sup>4</sup>, Benedict W. Wheeler<sup>1</sup>, Marianne Zandersen<sup>5</sup>, Laurence Jones<sup>3</sup></p> <p><sup>1</sup>European Centre for Environment and Human Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK</p> <p><sup>2 </sup>Institute for Climate, Energy and Society, JOANNEUM RESEARCH, Graz, Austria</p> <p><sup>3</sup> Department of Environmental Studies, Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Boston College, USA</p> <p><sup>4</sup> UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, UK</p> <p><sup>5 </sup>Department of Environmental Science, iClimate Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Denmark</p> <p> </p>
Identifying the mechanisms by which irrigation can cool urban green spaces in summer
<p>This dataset contains the measured soil moisture and microclimate data from two (2021 and 2022) urban green space irrigation experiments conducted in Burnley, Melbourne, Australia. The experiments consisted of two treatments, irrigated turf and unirrigated turf. The purpose of the experiments was to provide testing (2021) and evaluation (2022) data for an urban ecohydrological model, UT&C. </p> <p><br>After evaluating the performance of UT&C in modelling soil moisture and microclimate, UT&C was used to model the surface energy balance and evapotranspiration processes of the irrigated and unirrigated turf. This dataset also contains the modelled soil moisture, microclimate, surface energy balance and evapotranspiration data, as well as the measured background climate data at the reference climate station and the forcing data for the model.</p> <p><br>The aims of this study were to:<br>i) identify the proportional contribution of different evapotranspiration processes to irrigation cooling effect, and <br>ii) quantify the impacts of different irrigation amounts (from 2 to 30 mm/d) on the cooling effect of irrigating turfgrass in Melbourne, Australia during normal summer conditions.</p> <p>This study was published in:<br>Pui Kwan Cheung, Naika Meili, Kerry A. Nice, Stephen J. Livesley (2024). Identifying the mechanisms by which irrigation can cool urban green spaces in summer. Urban Climate. 55,101914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.101914.</p>
Data from: Carbon accumulation of cool season sports turfgrass species in distinctive soil layers
<p>Carbon sequestered by turfgrasses may contribute to reducing atmospheric CO<sub>2 </sub>levels, to improved soil health and to increased turfgrass quality. Therfore in a field study conducted in the Netherlands, the amount of soil C accumulated by nine cool season turfgrass monocultures and 12 mixtures of turfgrass species during the first three years of establishment was analysed and compared. Thatch, mat and other soil layers and the layers were sampled and thickness of these layers was quantified. From these samples, dry matter, C and N concentrations, and CN ratio were measured.</p> <p>The study was conducted on a 3 years old turfgrass field of the turfgrass seed company DLF. The site was located in the Netherlands (51°32´N, 4°20´E), on a sandy soil (Hortic Anthrasol as described in the FAO/Unesco soil map of the world (2006)). The monocultures consisted of different varieties of the (sub)species <em>Lolium perenne (lp), Poa pratensis (Pp), Festuca arundinacea (Fa), Festuca rubra commutata (Frc), Festuca rubr trichophylla (Frt), Festuca rubra rubra (Frr), Festuca ovina duriuscala (Fod), Festuca ovina vulgaris (Fov), Agrostis stolonifera (As). </em>Varieties were treated as replicates per (sub)species, which resulted in some variation in the number of replicates, as not all species were available in the same number of varieties.<em> </em>Varieties of the<em> (s</em>ub)species and mixtures were on the market as commercial turfgrass seeds. </p> <p>In 2016 a soil profile sampler with a depth of 20 cm, a horizontal length of 10 cm and a width of 2 cm was used to take an undisturbed soil profile in each plot and the thickness of each layer, thatch, matt and remainder soil, was measured using the protocol as described in Evers et al. (2024). Plant biomass in the plots was quantified by taking cores of the top 20 cm of the soil with a core sampler (diameter 28 mm). Cores were divided into thatch, mat, the remainder soil till 10 cm depth, and 10-20 cm depth, respectively, based on the earlier measurement of layer thicknesses in the field. Sediment of each section was then carefully washed out with tap water, after which the remaining below-ground (dead and living) plant biomass was dried at 65°C until stable weight and weighed. Total C and N analyses were carried out at the General Instrumentation Department of Radboud University with a Vario Micro Cube Element Analyzer (Elementar, Langenselbold, Germany), from which C and N concentrations (in % of dry matter or in mg cm<sup>-3</sup> C from total plant biomass in a layer) and CN ratios were calculated.</p> <p>Statistical analyses were carried out using the open source program R version 3.5.2 (2018-12-20). Differences in thickness of thatch and mat as well as differences in the C accumulation and C- and N concentration in thatch, mat and soil layers between (sub)species of turfgrasses in were based on the calculated means per species. Normality of residuals and the equality of variances was checked with diagnostic plots and Levene’s test, respectively. Non-normal and heteroscedastic data were either log transformed in linear models from the car package, or general least square (gls) models using varIdent from the nlme package were used. All data were further analyzed with ANOVA-type3 from the car package, followed by the Tukey post hoc test of the emeans package. Correlations between thatch and mat thickness were analyzed with linear regression models in R of the ggplot package. Similar procedures were performed for correlation between thatch, mat or soil thickness and C accumulation as well as for the correlation between C concentration and N concentration on C accumulation in a particular layer.</p>
Scenarios of technical and useful ground-source heat pump potential for building heating and cooling in Western Switzerland
<p>This dataset contains an estimation of the useful and technical potential of shallow ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) for Western Switzerland, at a spatial resolution of 400 x 400 m<sup>2</sup>. The <strong>technical potential</strong> is hereby defined as the maximum energy that could be extracted from GSHP systems in case of their dense deployment, such as to <em>avoid the over-exploitation</em> of the heat capacity of the ground. We consider GSHPs with <em>vertical closed-loop borehole heat exchangers</em> (BHE) installed at depths of 50 - 200 m. The <strong>useful potential</strong> is defined as the potential that could be delivered to building heating and cooling systems via a water-to-water heat pump.</p> <p>The datasets contains future scenarios of heating and cooling demand, space cooling equipment deployment (service sector only) and climate change models and considers the potential use of DHC. The dataset covers around 80,000 property units (parcels) in the Swiss Cantons of Vaud and Geneva, excluding only the areas of the Alps and the Jura mountains.</p> <p>The data package contains information on the available area for GSHP systems, the heating and cooling demand as well as the resulting technical and useful potentials for all simulated scenarios of future cooling demand (200 Monte Carlo runs), for the case of <strong>direct heat supply</strong> (per pixel of 400 x 400 m<sup>2</sup>) as well as for <strong>district heating and cooling</strong> (DHC). In scenarios without DHC (direct heat supply), the results are summarized by pixel of 400 x 400 m<sup>2</sup>. In scenarios with DHC, the results of potentials <em>within</em> DHCs are summarized by DHC (see <em>*_in_dhc.csv</em>) while potentials <em>outside</em> of DHCs are summarized by pixel (see <em>*_outside_dhc.csv</em>).</p> <p>For details on the methodology applied to obtain the results provided in the data package, please refer to the above-mentioned research articles. A description of all files is provided in<em> Dataset documentation.pdf</em> and metadata is provided in <em>Datapackage.json.</em></p>
Reflection Spectra Repository for Cool Giant Planets
<p>Supplementary material for <a href="http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aabb05"><em>Exploring H2O Prominence in Reflection Spectra of Cool Giant Planets</em></a> - ApJ 858, 69 (2018).</p> <p>This repository contains 65520 model reflection spectra of cool giant planets. The grid explores the influence of metallicity, gravity, effective temperature, and sedimentation efficiency on H<sub>2</sub>O absorption signatures in giant planet atmospheres. We also include two animations to visualise how the prominence of H<sub>2</sub>O absorption evolves over this parameter space. The included models range over:</p> <p>*m => 1-100 x solar (log(m) @ 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 1.7, 2.0 dex) <-- log(m) = 1.7 new for V2 of the database.<br> *g => 1-100 m/s<sup>2</sup> (evenly over log(g) in steps of 0.1 dex)<br> *T<sub>eff</sub> => 150-400 K (linearly in steps of 10 K)<br> *f<sub>sed</sub> => 1-10 (linearly in steps of 1)</p> <p>(V 1.0, March 30th 2018):</p> <blockquote> <p>Initial release of the reflection spectra repository. </p> </blockquote> <p>(V 2.0, Oct 1st 2019): </p> <blockquote> <p>The cool giant reflection spectra grid has been re-computed using the latest version of the PICASO albedo code (doi: <a href="https://arxiv.org/ct?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fab1b51&v=77076c4a">10.3847/1538-4357/ab1b51</a>). This fixes a few bugs and adds new model features (e.g. Raman scattering, see Batalha+2019).</p> <p>The new grid is packaged as a HDF5 file with an accompanying python script 'Open_Albedo_Database.py'. The python script is provided to show how to open the albedo database, plot the spectra, and save spectra as a .txt file. The user need only change 4 lines (specifying log(m), log(g), T<sub>eff</sub>, f<sub>sed</sub>) and run the python script to produce a plot of the albedo spectra (both with and without H<sub>2</sub>O absorption).</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>NEW</strong>: (V 2.1, Oct 3rd 2019): </p> <blockquote> <p>Fixed a bug causing models with log(g) = 3.4 or 3.9 to not display cloud opacity.</p> </blockquote>
EU-27 Country Mapping of Financing Schemes to decarbonize Buildings, Heating and Cooling
<p>This dataset contains the mapping of all public and private financing instruments currently available to support the decarbonization of the building stock. The mapping is divided into two sheets: Public Schemes and Private Schemes. Each scheme is classified per country, level (European, National, Regional, Local), Name in English and in the local language, sectors (Y= directly covered, (Y)= indirectly covered, that is not explicitly mentioned, but reasonably applicable, blank= not covered), type of instrument, main and additional links, a short description and the last time the page was visited. Additional socio-economic, climate and energy indicators and a correlation matrix are provided.</p>
Simulation results: Radiative cooling induced coherent maser emission in relativistic plasmas
<p>This repository contains some of the simulation data presented in the recent article titled <em>"Radiative cooling induced coherent maser emission in relativistic plasmas"</em> (<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.18955" target="_new" rel="noopener">https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.18955</a>). The data available are from 2D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, which investigate the effects of radiative cooling in relativistic plasmas and its role in inducing coherent maser emission. The simulations were performed using OSIRIS, a massively parallel and fully-relativistic PIC code.</p> <p>The electric field data in the third direction (E3) included here has been spatially averaged by a factor of 8 in both directions, resulting in a dataset that reflects a resolution 64 times lower than the actual simulation. Additionally, the raw data includes only one two-thousandth of the simulated electron macro-particles. Also included is the phase space data in the x2, p2, and p3 dimensions.</p> <p>These datasets represent key aspects of the simulation results discussed in the paper, where the focus is on understanding the interplay between radiative losses and coherent emission mechanisms.</p> <p>More details on the simulations and the analysis of these results can be found in the corresponding article.</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T3.3 Cool temperate heathlands
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T3.3 Cool temperate heathlands</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T5.4 Cool deserts and semi-deserts
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T5.4 Cool deserts and semi-deserts</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Indicative distribution map for Ecosystem Functional Group T2.3 Oceanic cool temperate rainforests
<p>This archive contains indicative distribution maps and profiles for <strong>T2.3 Oceanic cool temperate rainforests</strong>, a ecosystem functional group (EFG, level 3) of the <a href="https://global-ecosystems.org/">IUCN Global Ecosystem Typology</a> (v2.0). Please refer to Keith <em>et al.</em> (2020) for details.</p> <p>The descriptive profiles provide brief summaries of key ecological traits and processes, maps are indicative of global distribution patterns, and are not intended to represent fine-scale patterns. The maps show areas of the world containing major (value of 1, coloured red) or minor occurrences (value of 2, coloured yellow) of each ecosystem functional group. Minor occurrences are areas where an ecosystem functional group is scattered in patches within matrices of other ecosystem functional groups or where they occur in substantial areas, but only within a segment of a larger region. Given bounds of resolution and accuracy of source data, the maps should be used to query which EFG are likely to occur within areas, rather than which occur at particular point locations. Detailed methods and references for the maps are included in the profile (xml format).</p>
Data for Figure 8 of Publication "Additional global climate cooling by clouds due to ice crystal complexity"
<p>This repository contains the data to produce Figure 8 in the paper:</p> <p>"Järvinen, E., Jourdan, O., Neubauer, D., Yao, B., Liu, C., Andreae, M. O., Lohmann, U., Wendisch, M., McFarquhar, G. M., Leisner, T., and Schnaiter, M.: Additional global climate cooling by clouds due to ice crystal complexity, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 15767–15781, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-15767-2018, 2018."</p> <p>Note that the scripts are to be found in the accompanying package (http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8095469)</p>
Flavor-violating Higgs decays and stellar cooling anomalies in axion models
<p>We study a class of DFSZ-like models for the QCD axion that can address observed anomalies in stellar cooling. Stringent constraints from SN1987A and neutron stars are avoided by suppressed couplings to nucleons, while axion couplings to electrons and photons are sizable. All axion couplings depend on few parameters that also control the extended Higgs sector, in particular lepton flavor-violating couplings of the Standard Model-like Higgs boson h. This allows us to correlate axion and Higgs phenomenology, and we find that BR(h → τe) can be as large as the current experimental bound of 0.22%, while BR(h → μμ) can be larger than in the Standard Model by up to 70%. Large parts of the parameter space will be tested by the next generation of axion helioscopes such as</p>
Regional Heat Vulnerability Map and Cooling Solutions: A webtool of the Healthy Urban Environments Initiative
## Regional Heat Vulnerability Map and Cooling Solutions The regional heat vulnerability map and cooling solutions webtool offers two data sources for equitable heat mitigation. The dashboard layers vulnerability data onto land surface temperature regional rankings to identify areas with high and low heat exposure and vulnerability as well as the existing assets in each census block group. Additional layers can be added into the heat vulnerability map to highlight how heat affects critical infrastructures including schools, mobile home parks, parking lots, public transportation stops, pedestrian thoroughfares, and bikeways. The solutions tab showcases a variety of heat mitigation solutions and the research behind them. Heat-related solutions and resources from urban Maricopa County are included, including solutions funded through the Healthy Urban Environment Initiative. The data catalogued here are the underlying data that populate the webtool. ## Healthy Urban Environment (HUE) Initiative - Overview HUE is a solutions-focused research, policy and technology incubator to create healthier communities across Maricopa County (central Arizona, USA) through collaboration between researchers, practitioners and community members. As such, HUE funded rapid development, testing and deployment of heat-mitigation and air-quality improvement strategies and technologies. Heat emerged as the urgent focus, as urban centers across the desert Southwest continue to grow in size and density, aggravating existing challenges posed by the expansion of the built environment. In Phoenix, AZ, this expansion of the built environment creates conditions which magnify the intensity and duration of heat – making it difficult for residents to achieve thermal comfort throughout the day and night. Further, the legacies of urban sprawl and transportation planning in the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area have contributed to challenges with atmospheric pollutants. Importantly, urban heat and air qua
Lots for greening: Identification of metropolitan vacant land and its potential use for cooling and agriculture in Phoenix, Arizona, USA
This project provides the first systematic assessment of non-governmental vacant parcels for potential greening (VPPG) the Phoenix metropolitan area—land parcels that are or can be privately owned but which contain no buildings, are unpaved, have no apparent use, and are potential candidates for urban greening. To achieve the data, a new method for the identification of vacant lands was employed that combines remote sensing techniques and cadastral data and trains the computer to distinguish different forms of vacant land. The classification result proved to be an effective approach for open land identification and identified approximately 19500 ha of open land in the metro area. The model achieved an average accuracy of 90.67%. This dataset only includes VPPG and does not include other vacant land determined to be inappropriate for potential greening (developed/abandoned or impervious surface). (Overall accuracy for all classes was 87.20%).
PetrocShelley/Measured-solid-state-and-sub-cooled-liquid-vapour-pressures-of-nitroaromatics-using-KEMS-Data-Set: Measured-solid-state-and-sub-cooled-liquid-vapour-pressures-of-nitroaromatics-using-KEMS-Data-Set
<p>All data files for the Measured solid state and sub-cooled liquid vapour pressures of nitroaromatics using Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry by Shelley et al.</p>
Data Analysis for "Laser Cooling of a Nanomechanical Oscillator to Its Zero-Point Energy"
<p>Data Analysis for the paper "Laser Cooling of a Nanomechanical Oscillator to Its Zero-Point Energy". All the original data and analysis codes in Matlab are provided. In addition, we provide a python notebook with detailed description of the data analysis.</p>
Dataset related to publication: Robust radiative cooling via surface phonon coupling-enhanced emissivity from SiO2 micropillar arrays
<p>Dataset related to the publication:</p><p>Zhenmin Ding, Xin Li, Hulin Zhang, Dukang Yan, Jérémy Werlé, Ying Song, Lorenzo Pattelli, Jiupeng Zhao, Hongbo Xu, Yao Li. Robust radiative cooling via surface phonon coupling-enhanced emissivity from SiO2 micropillar arrays. <i>International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer</i>, 220, 125004 (2024). doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.125004">10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.125004</a></p><p>The repository contains MATLAB/Octave scripts to perform rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) simulations for a SiO2 layer decorated with micropillars.</p><p>The main script runs a series of rigorous electromagnetic simulations over the atmospheric transparency window wavelength range (8-13 µm) for all combination of three main structural parameters (pillar diameter, spacing and height), within a user-defined range.</p><p>Running the code requires the RETICOLO v9 RCWA code:</p><blockquote><p>Jean-Paul Hugonin, & Philippe Lalanne. (2021). Light-in-complex-nanostructures/RETICOLO: V9. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4419063">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4419063</a></p></blockquote>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.