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16 results for “Coprinellus”
FIGURE 2. Coprinellus angulatus a in Coprophilous Agaricales (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) from Brazil
FIGURE 2. Coprinellus angulatus a. Habit of basidiomata on dung. b. Basidiomata. c. Lamellae and stipe insertion. d. Setae. e. Basidiospores. Coprinellus marculentus f. Habit of basidiomata on dung. g. Basidiomata. h. Lamellae and lamellulae. i. Setulae. j. Cheilocystidia. k. Basidiospores. Scale bars: a, f=200 mm. b, c, e= 2.5 μm. d, i=25 μm. g=5 mm. h=2.5 mm. j=15 μm. k=5 μm. Figure: R.F.R. Melo.
FIGURE 1a in New findings of Coprinellus species (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) in China
FIGURE 1a. Basidiomata of Coprinellus pseudodisseminatus. a, b, c. HMJAU 46301; d. HMJAU 46298; e. HMJAU 46303; f. HMJAU 46300. Bars a, b, d–f = 1 cm. Photos a–c, f, by Mei Huang; Photos d, e, by Qin Na.
FIGURE 1b. Coprinellus pseudodisseminatus HMJAU46301 in New findings of Coprinellus species (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) in China
FIGURE 1b. Coprinellus pseudodisseminatus HMJAU46301 (Holotype). a. Basidiomata; b. Basidia; c. Basidiospores; d. Veil; e. Cheilocystidia; f. Pileipellis; g. Pileocystidia; h. Caulocystidia. Bars a = 1 cm; b–h = 10 μm.
FIGURE 2b in New findings of Coprinellus species (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) in China
FIGURE 2b. Coprinellus aureogranulatus (HMJAU 46305). a. Basidiomata; b. Basidia; c. Basidiospores; d. Cheilocystidia; e. Pleutocystidia; f. Veil; g. Pileipellis; h. Mycelium; i. Caulocystidia; j. Pileocystidia. Bars a =1 cm; b– j = 10 μm.
FIGURE 4 in New findings of Coprinellus species (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) in China
FIGURE 4. Phylogenetically informative different characters of ITS alignment for Coprinellus aureogranulatus and C. pseudodisseminatus.
FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic tree constructed using 54 in New findings of Coprinellus species (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) in China
FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic tree constructed using 54 ITS sequences, with three species of Psathyrella as outgroup for RAxML phylogram and MrBayes analyses. Maximum Likelihood support values (>90) and posterior probabilities (>0.90) are shown on each branch (ML/ PP).
FIGURE 2a in New findings of Coprinellus species (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) in China
FIGURE 2a. Basidiomata and mycelia on stem base of Coprinellus aureogranulatus. a, b, e HMJAU 46305; c HMJAU 46304; d HMJAU 46306. Bars a–d = 1 cm; e = 0.5 cm. Photos a–e by Mei Huang.
Data from: The evolution of defense mechanisms correlate with the explosive diversification of autodigesting Coprinellus mushrooms (Agaricales, Fungi)
Bursts of diversification are known to have contributed significantly to the extant morphological and species diversity, but evidence for many of the theoretical predictions about adaptive radiations have remained contentious. Despite their tremendous diversity, patterns of evolutionary diversification and the contribution of explosive episodes in fungi are largely unknown. Here, using the genus Coprinellus (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) as a model, we report the first explosive fungal radiation, and infer that the onset of the radiation follows a change from a multi-layered to a much simpler defense structure on the fruiting bodies. We suggest that this change constitutes a key innovation, relaxing constraints on diversification imposed by nutritional investment into the development of protective tissues of fruiting bodies. Evidence for the impact of protective structures on diversification places our current understanding of fruiting body evolution in a new context. Fossil calibration suggests that Coprinellus mushrooms radiated during the Miocene coinciding with global radiation of large grazing mammals following expansion of dry open grasslands. In addition to diversification-rate based methods, we test the hard polytomy hypothesis, by analyzing the resolvability of internal nodes of the backbone of the putative radiation using Reversible-Jump MCMC. We discuss potential applications and pitfalls as well as how biologically meaningful polytomies can be distinguished from alignment shortcomings. Our data provide insights into the nature of adaptive radiations in general by revealing a deceleration of morphological diversification through time. The "rate" of morphological diversification was approximated by obtaining the temporal distribution of state changes in discrete traits along the trees and comparing it with the tempo of lineage accumulation. By using speciational trees, we found that the number of state changes correlate with the number of lineages, even in parts of the tree with short internal branches, and peaks around the onset of the explosive radiation followed by a slowdown, most likely because of the decrease in available niches.
Figure 7 from: Hussain S, Usman M, Afshan N-ul-S, Ahmad H, Khan J, Khalid AN (2018) The genus Coprinellus (Basidiomycota; Agaricales) in Pakistan with the description of four new species. MycoKeys 39: 41-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.26743
Figure 7 Anatomical features of CoprinellustenuisA Basidiospores B Basidia C Pileocystidia D Caulocystidia E Cheilocystidia F Veil cells. Scale bars: 10 µm (A), 20 µm (B–F).
Figure 4 from: Hussain S, Usman M, Afshan N-ul-S, Ahmad H, Khan J, Khalid AN (2018) The genus Coprinellus (Basidiomycota; Agaricales) in Pakistan with the description of four new species. MycoKeys 39: 41-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.26743
Figure 4 Line drawing of anatomical characters of CoprinelluscampanulatusA Basidiospores B Basidia C Cheilocystidia D Pileipellis E Veil elements. Scale bars: 10 µm (A), 20 µm (B–E).
Figure 6 from: Hussain S, Usman M, Afshan N-ul-S, Ahmad H, Khan J, Khalid AN (2018) The genus Coprinellus (Basidiomycota; Agaricales) in Pakistan with the description of four new species. MycoKeys 39: 41-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.26743
Figure 6 Line drawing of anatomical characters of CoprinelluspakistanicusA Basidiospores B Basidia C Pileocystidia D Cheilocystidia E Pileal hyphae F Veil elements. Scale bars: 10 µm (A), 20 µm (B–F).
Figure 3 from: Hussain S, Usman M, Afshan N-ul-S, Ahmad H, Khan J, Khalid AN (2018) The genus Coprinellus (Basidiomycota; Agaricales) in Pakistan with the description of four new species. MycoKeys 39: 41-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.26743
Figure 3 Phylogenetic inference of Coprinellus species inferred from 97 ITS sequences, with species names following GenBank accessions, specimen voucher numbers and country. Values above branch node represent Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) and maximum likelihood bootstrap (MLP), the new species are represented with bold fonts and T represents the holotype collection.
Figure 1 from: Hussain S, Usman M, Afshan N-ul-S, Ahmad H, Khan J, Khalid AN (2018) The genus Coprinellus (Basidiomycota; Agaricales) in Pakistan with the description of four new species. MycoKeys 39: 41-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.26743
Figure 1 Basidiomata of species of Coprinellus. A–BCoprinellusdisseminates-similis (holotype SHCr3W) C–DCoprinellustenuis (holotype SHP10) ECoprinelluscampanulatus (holotype SH144). The arrow shows remnants of membranous annulus. Scale bars: 20 mm.
Figure 5 from: Hussain S, Usman M, Afshan N-ul-S, Ahmad H, Khan J, Khalid AN (2018) The genus Coprinellus (Basidiomycota; Agaricales) in Pakistan with the description of four new species. MycoKeys 39: 41-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.26743
Figure 5 Line drawing of anatomical characters of Coprinellusdisseminatus-similisA Basidiospores B Basidia C Cheilocystidia D Pileipellis with pileocystidia E Veil elements. Scale bars: 10 µm (A), 20 µm (B–E).
Data from: The evolution of defense mechanisms correlate with the explosive diversification of autodigesting Coprinellus mushrooms (Agaricales, Fungi)
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Figure 2 from: Hussain S, Usman M, Afshan N-ul-S, Ahmad H, Khan J, Khalid AN (2018) The genus Coprinellus (Basidiomycota; Agaricales) in Pakistan with the description of four new species. MycoKeys 39: 41-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.39.26743
Figure 2 Basidiomata of Coprinelluspakistanicus Holotype (MU37). Scale bar: 20 mm.
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